Chapter 19

The Six Kingdoms

Bacteria Archaea

Protista Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

multicellular – made of many cells

unicellular – made of only one cell

prokaryotic – single-celled and does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic – has cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

autotrophic – produces its own nutrients from the environment (producers)

heterotrophic – obtains its food by eating other organisms (consumers)

Bacteria (formerly Eubacteria)

•Prokaryotic (no nucleus)•Cell wall, peptidoglycan•Unicellular•Autotrophic & heterotrophic•Examples: some turn milk into yogurt, some produce vitamins, some aid in digestion, some cause disease, most are harmless

Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria)

•Prokaryotic (no nucleus)•Cell wall, no peptidoglycan•Unicellular•Autotrophic & heterotrophic•Examples: methanogens, extremeophiles, such as thermophiles and halophiles, also nonextreme found in soil

Protista•Eukaryotic (has nucleus)•Different cell structures•Unicellular & multicellular•Autotrophic & heterotrophic• “misfits”, “odds and ends”, any euk that is not a fungi, plant, or animal•Examples: amoebas, euglena, paramecium, kelp, slime molds

Fungi•Eukaryotic (has nucleus)•Cell wall, chitin•Unicellular & multicellular•Heterotrophic•Examples: Yeasts, molds, mildew, mushrooms, that pink stuff on the shower curtain

Plantae•Eukaryotic•Cell wall, cellulose•Multicellular•Autotrophic •Examples: ferns, mosses, pinetrees, bluebonnets

Animalia•Eukaryotic•No Cell wall•Multicellular•Heterotrophic•Examples: anemone, dust mites, earthworms, butterfly, ostrich, whale; 99% are invertebrates

Pop Quiz

• Let’s see if you were paying attention…

Which kingdoms contain prokaryotes?

• Achaebacteria and Eubacteria

Which kingdom is made of only autotrophs?

• Plantae

What kind of cell is this?

Prokaryote

Which kingdom?

• Eubacteria

Which kingdom?

• Fungi

Which kingdom?

• Plantae

Which kingdom?

• Looks like a plant… Animalia (sponge)