Kingdoms:ProtistaFungiPlantae

Kingdom Protista

Unicellular eukaryotes

Many are both plant- and animal-like

Examples: unicellular algae and protozoans

Algae

(Kingdom Protista)Eukaryotic,

photosynthetic (chloroplasts) and mostly aquatic

Lack true stems, leaves, roots &

flowers (some have flagella)Simple reproductive

structuresReferred to as

plants

SeaweedsMulticellular algae

Aka – macrophytes

Multicellular and complex

Often classified in the Plantae Kingdom

Seaweeds have great economic importance around the world as a food source and in numerous products we use every day.

There are three types of seaweed

Draw Structure of seaweed and label

1. Green Algae

Mostly foundIn inter-tidal areas and shallow bays.

2. Brown Algae

Large and complex

3. Red algaeMore species than other two types combined

Some involved in coral reef formation

Can grow up to 10 feet in length

DinoflagellatesUnicellular2 unequal flagellaMostly in tropical regions

Bioluminescent properties

Have an eyespotRelated to algaeAuto and heterotrophic

Pyrrophyta bloomNoctiluca will glow inThe dark a greenish bluelight

Bioluminescence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=uUbIWqiynBY

Algae Blooms

Algae Blooms

Gymnodinium or Red Tide

The bloom reduces oxygen levels causing fish kills

Gonyaulax also produces red tide causing paralytic shell-fish poisoning and contain a toxin saxotoxin which interferes with the nervous syst.

Invertebrates are not affected so how do humans contract it?

Algae Blooms Devastated the scallop industry in eastern

Long Island. This is an algal bloom of brown tide.

DIATOMS

Contain a green pigment called cholorophyll

In structures called chloroplasts

The cell walls are made of silica or glass so the cell wall is transparent to light

Cell structures of Diatoms Cell wall pores-

control what enters and exits the cell.

Cell structures of Diatoms

Cell wall pores- control what enters and exits the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum- network of channels for transport of molecules

Ribosomes- place where proteins are made

Cell structures of Diatoms Mitochondria- cell’s energy factory. Sugar is

broken down into chemical energy, ATP.

Vacuole-storage structure in cells. Diatoms use it to store oil

What substance can eventually be produced from the diatom’s vacuoles by the gradual buildup over geologic time of diatomic sediment? Petroleum

Speciesunicellular, glassy

(silica shell), photosynthetic

Stores food as oil and carbohydrates

Important part of Polar water plankton

Diatom Diversity

More than 25K species Most inhabit the cold waters of the planet. What prevents them from sinking?

A. spines B. oil

Asexual Reproduction

2 halves of the shell separate and each half grows another half.

Deposits of Diatomaceous Earth

Used in filtration devises

Purifying drinking water

Removing tape worms

Colon cleansing

As a Food SourceTiny invertebrates

feed on them including: Copepods Mussels Clams Oysters scallops

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cp9ym5M0RUc&feature=player_embedded

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella

Cloroplasts

Eyespot

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two

Cloroplasts

Eyespot

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts

Eyespot

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes

Eyespot

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot Yes

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot Yes No

Can ingest food

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot Yes No

Can ingest food Yes

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot Yes No

Can ingest food Yes No

Cell wall composition

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot Yes No

Can ingest food Yes No

Cell wall composition Cellulose

Compare

Compare Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Flagella Yes, two none

Cloroplasts Yes Yes

Eyespot Yes No

Can ingest food Yes No

Cell wall composition Cellulose Silica

CoccolithophoresOverlapping Calcium

Carbonate plateletsPhotosyntheticTropical/Subtropical

ProtozoansAnimal-like protistsHeterotrophicEukaryoticSingle-celledMicroscopic

Phyto and zooplankton

ForaminiferansHave shells made of calcium carbonate

Use pseudopodia to capture food

Most are bottom dwellers

Radiolarians Mostly planktonicElaborate and

delicate shells made of glass (silica)

Shells are sphericalwith radiating spinePseudopodia are

thin and needle-like

Radiolarians

Ciliates Have hair-like cilia for locomotion and feeding

The parameciumFound mostly on seaweed and bottom sediments

Kingdom FungiEukaryotic, plant-like but without chlorophyll

Multicellular500 species of marine fungiMost unique are the lichens

LichensSymbiotic relationship with algae – lichens provide the support and the algae provide the food.

Kingdom PlantaeFlowering plantsAngiosperms,

dominant species on land

Seagrasses – Marine flowering plants, not true grasses, mostly submerged

Most related to the lily familyFound in the tropics

Cord grasses – true grassesLand plants, salt tolerantSubmerged only at high tide

Salt marsh plants

Mangroves – shrubs and trees adapted to live along tropical and subtropical shores

Tolerate saltOnly roots are in the

waterLive only on land