Chapter 19

World War I

Causes of war

• Nationalism

• Imperialism

• Militarism

• Alliance System

Nationalism

• A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation

• Often led to competitive and antagonistic rivalries between countries

Imperialism

• Countries who slowly build and extend their empires all around the world

Militarism

• Growth of Militaries to protect the Empire

• Used as a tool of diplomacy

Alliance Systems

• When Countries begin allying themselves with other countries

• Sometimes done secretly to avoid conflict

• Usually performed for military protection from invasion

• “Little man’s” syndrome

Two basic Allied Structures

• The Triple Entente• France

• Britain

• Russia

• The Central Powers• Germany

• Austria-Hungary

• Italy

• Ottoman Empire

Map of Division

The Spark that Ignited the war

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Ferdinand (Austrian) was visiting Serbia on a peace mission

• Grivilo Princip of the Black hand Political party assassinated Ferdinand

• July 28 Austria-0Hungary declared war on Serbia

Like dominoes, one country after

the other were sucked into the

war

Trench WarfareBritain

Germany

Inside the Trench

System of Trenches and their purpose

What is America’s Response at the onset of war?

Neutrality

The War comes to America

• British Blockades

• Unrestricted U-boat warfare

• Sinking of the Lusitania

• Zimmerman Telegram

British Blockades

• Attempting to cut German supplies

• Seized American Ships

• Restricted American trading practices

• Violated trade agreements between US and other European countries

Unrestricted U-Boat warfare

• Germany’s response to the blockade would be that their U-boats would sink any British vessel around the coast of France

• There would be no warning from the attackers

The Lusitania

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the

United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together,

generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico,

and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak

of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between

Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers

the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN.

As a result of the previous events America has no choice but to declare war on Germany and

enter the war

America Mobilizes

Selective service Act

Mass Production

The convoy system

War I New weapons

Hazards of War

• Dysentery• Trench foot

• Toes would rot off one’s foot

• Trench Mouth• Shell Shock• Enormous fatalities because of fighting

style and the advancement of weapons

HeroesAlvin York Eddie

Rickenbacker

Eleventh Hour on the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh Month

Armistice was signed

Final Toll

• The Bloodiest Battle in History

• 37,798,686 casualties

• 20 Million wounded

• 10 Million refugees

• Total Cost was $338 billion dollars

Fighting the War at Home

• War Industries Board – WIB

• Selling the war at home – Bonds

• Propaganda

• Espionage and Sedition Acts –Fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in prison for interfering with the war effort

Social Change

• The Great Migration

• Women in the workforce

• The Flu epidemic

Woodrow Wilson’s Plan

• The plan to end the war became known as the fourteen point plan

• All world leaders met at Versailles in Paris

• The treaty is the Treaty of Versailles

Fourteen Point Plan

• 1. There should be no secret treaties• 2. Freedom of the seas should be

maintained• 3. Tariffs should be lowered to promote trade• 4. Peace time militaries should be reduced• 5. Colonial Policies should consider the interests

of the colonial people• 6-13 The next eight dealt with boundary changes• 14. Established the League of Nations• The plan was rejected

Signed what is today the Treaty of Versailles

• Nine new nations

• Barred Germany from maintaining an army

• Forced Germany to sign a war guilt clause

• War reparations of $33 billion to the Allies

“The War to End All Wars”

The American view of WWI

“ It cannot be that 2 million Germans should have fallen in vain… No, we do

not pardon, we demand vengeance.”-World War I Veteran