Chapter 2

EQ: Which prehistoric culture is considered the highest stage of Native American civilization in Georgia and North America?

Daily Ten Chp 2 Sec 1 Vocabulary

1. Archaeologist

2. Artifact

3. Prehistoric

4. Culture

Paleo Indian

• Earliest known people of North America

• Around about 10,000 years ago when glaciers from the ice age began to melt

• They hunted woolly mammoths, elk, bison, horses, and moose

• They were NOMADS-people who move from place to place following the food supply

Paleo Indian Artifacts

Archaic PeriodArchaic Period

• 8,000 BC, the Earth’s climate started warming and big animals disappeared, forests began to grow

• Descendants of Paleo-Indians, ARCHAIC INDIANS, began to thrive

• FIRSTFIRST CULTURECULTURE OF OF GEORGIAGEORGIA

Archaic Period, cont’d

• Improved techniques for fishing, hunting, gathering

• Used small spear points, stone axes

• Small tools were used to hunt smaller animals

• Gathered nuts, berries…

• Artifacts suggest they lived in rock shelters, pit houses, but had no permanent settlements (they were nomadic)

Archaic Period, cont’d

• They DID NOT have– Bows and arrows– Pottery– Agriculture

Woodland Period

• From 1000 BC to 800 AD

• They built villages along streams

• They also built protective walls around their villages

• They developed – Agriculture– Pottery– Bows and arrows

Daily Ten Vocabulary

5. Paleo-Indians

6. Archaic Indians

7. Woodland Indians

8. Mississippian Culture

Daily Ten Vocabulary9. Civilization

10.Hierarchy

11.Anthropologist

12.Clan

13.Matrilineal

Mississippian Culture• Culture that 1st Europeans met in North

America• Followed Woodland period and known for

great advancement in agriculture growing 3 main crops– Corn, Beans, Squash

• Mississippian People originated along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, but lived from Georgia to Minnesota

• In Georgia, they are known as the Etowah Indians

Etowah Indians

• Mississippian Culture that lived in North Georgia

• Their flat-topped earthen mounds are still there

• A large ceremonial lodge built of red clay near Macon, GA, off the Ocmulgee River also still stands

ETOWAH INDIAN MOUND IN NORTH GEORGIAETOWAH INDIAN MOUND IN NORTH GEORGIA

Characteristics of Civilization

• Cities with trade

• Organized government and religion

• Specialized jobs

• A system of record keeping

• Advanced tools

Matrilineal

• Ancestry is traced through the mother’s side of the family

• Creeks were matrilineal– After marriage, the young man moved into the

compound of his wife’s family– Children belonged to their mother’s clan and

were not related to their father’s clan

Chapter 2 Section 3 Vocabulary

14.Confederacy

15.Creek confederacy

16.Cherokee

17.Seminole

Creek Confederacy

• Confederacy is a union of a group of people with like interests

• The Creek Confederacy was a group of Mississippian chiefdoms that banded together to form the largest group in the Southeast, originally occupying most of what is now Georgia

Creeks cont’d

• Towns with centers for ceremonies and politics

• Families belonged to clans and were matrilineal

• They had a government hierarchy with elders and a town council

• Their religion included the Green Corn ceremony

Cherokee

• 2nd largest group of Native Americans in early Georgia

• Believed in maintaining balance and harmony

• Similiar culture to the Creeks

• Government more democratic-they allowed women and men to voice opinions

Sequoyah (pg. 200)

• Cherokee, born 1770

• He developed Cherokee alphabet because he saw that Europeans had an advantage through the written word

• So simple that anyone could learn it in a few days

• Started their own newspaper, Cherokee Phoenix

Cherokee Sekoyah

SyllabarySyllabary

Seminole

• Belonged to the area now known as Florida

• Name means “free people”

• Culture similar to the Creek

Diseases

• Mississippian culture 1st one met by Europeans

• Also 1st culture devastated by diseases brought by Europeans

• Tuberculosis, intestinal parasites from poor sanitary conditions, and overcrowding all contributed to the end of their culture

Page 34-Chapter 2 Review

• The First People in America

• 1-10

• Write the question and the answer!