CHAPTER 2 MINERALS OF THE EARTH’S CRUST

Page 66 in textbook

Log: Dec. 3rd, 2010

Are all rocks minerals or are all minerals rocks?

Explain?

Section 2Page 70

Identifying Minerals

Log: Jan. 4th 2011

1. Describe the two major groups of minerals?

2. Explain why scientist consider ice to be a mineral.

Section 3: Formation Mining and use of minerals

Texbook Page:74

Log: Jan. 5th

List 3 minerals you used today and how?

Mineral Formation

The environment determines the type of mineral formed

6 main types of mineral formations Evaporating Salt water Limestone Metamorphic Hot-Water Solution Pegmatites Plutons

Evaporating Salt Water

Salt water (ocean & sea) evaporates a leaves behind minerals in the form of crystals

Examples: gypsum and halite

Metamorphic

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" into another kind of rock.

These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks.

The rocks are under tons and tons of pressure, which fosters heat build up, and this causes them to change. (temperature, pressure change the chemical make-up)

Limestone

Surface water and ground water carry minerals from the land into lakes and seas

Minerals crystallize and form limestone Example: calcite and dolomite

Hot-Water Solution

Ground water moves downward towards core and is heated by magma.

When heated it dissolves metals and other elements

When it cools it crystallizes Example: Gold, Copper, Pyrite

Pegmatites

When magma moves up an cools in teardrop shapes

Gets large can be meter long Example: Topaz and tourmaline

Topaz

tourmaline

Plutons

Magma that moves slow toward surface stopping before it reaches surface cools slowly

This forms many mineral crystals called pluton

Example: mica, feldspar, magnetite, quartz

Quartz

mica

Feldspar

Mining 2 Types

Surface Used when ore

is close to the surface of Earth’s Crust

Open pit Quarries Coal mines

Subsurface Used when Ore

is very deep with in Earth Crust

Must build passage ways / tunnels to extract ore

Terms to learn

Ore- a large amount of a valuable mineral that can be mined

Reclamation- process of returning land to it’s original state after mining is complete

The Use of Minerals Page 78

Some minerals are extremely important to our world.

What minerals can you think of that you use everyday?

Mineral Uses

Diamond Jewelry, cutting tools, drill bits

Silver Photography, electronics products, jewelry

Halite Nutrition highway de-icer water softer

Metallic Minerals

Shiny Surface Light does not pass through Great conductors of energy Can be pressed are bendable

Non Metallic

May have shiny or dull surface Good insulators May or may not let light pass Widely used in industry Example:

Glasses calcite used in concrete

Gemstones

A type of non-metallic mineral Highly valuable Color is most important Hard enough to cut and polish Example: Diamond, Ruby, Sapphire,

topaz, emerald

Log: Jan. 6th 2011

What are the two types of mining describe them?

Describe this minerals luster.

Work on completing your Directed Reading

A. B.

Assignment

Make 10 Study Cards using information in section 3

Front : Create a Quiz question Back: Answer Things to Consider

Vocabulary Words Types of rocks Formation Page (74-75) Differences in Metallic and Non-Metallic