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CHAPTER 2-----------SECTION 3
Energy and Matter
Energy: the ability to do work or cause a
change.
Energy is never created or destroyed but only
changes form.
Energy can be transferred or transformed
Energy transfer means it move from one object to
another
Energy transformation means it changes into a
different form of energy
Energy and Matter
Forms of Energy:
There are only two types of energy-------
Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
Potential - the ability to do work or cause a
change
Kinetic - the energy of motion
Energy and Matter
Types of Potential Energy:
Chemical Energy – Energy stored in chemical bonds holding atoms together
Nuclear Energy – energy that holds the particles in an atomic nucleus together
Gravitational Energy – energy stored in an object raised off of the surface of the Earth. The higher is is lifted the greater the amount of stored energy in the object.
Elastic Energy – energy stored in an object that is compressed or stretched as in a string or rubber band.
Energy and Matter
Types of Kinetic Energy:
Thermal Energy - a measure of the total energy of all the
particles in an object
Electromagnetic Energy – the energy of light
Electrical Energy – the energy of moving electrons
Sound Energy – mechanical energy moving through a gas,
liquid or solid
Mechanical – energy contained in a moving object
Energy and Matter
The most important type of energy:
Thermal Energy - a measure of the total internal energy
of all the particles in an object
Temperature – a measure of the average energy of each
particle in an object
Thermal Energy always flows from the hotter object to the
colder object
Energy and Matter
Energy Changes:
Endothermic Change - during this change
energy is absorbed or taken into the object
In chemical reactions the substance created or produced
will get colder because energy is being stored in new
chemical bonds holding atoms together.
Energy is used up by the reaction.
The total energy of the new bonds is greater than the total
energy of the old bonds that were holding atoms together.
Energy and Matter
Energy Changes:
Exothermic Change – during this change energy is
released or comes out of the object.
In chemical reactions the product will get hotter
because energy is released from the chemical
bonds holding atoms together.
More energy is released when bonds are broken
than is used up when new bonds are made.
Energy and Matter
Examples of Endothermic and Exothermic Changes:
Endothermic changes
Physical changes: melting ice, boiling water, cooking food
Chemical changes: photosynthesis, use of a “cold pack”
Exothermic changes
Physical changes: freezing water; condensation,
Chemical changes: rusting of iron, burning a candle; condensation; forming a crystal, any reaction where the product gets hot
CHAPTER 2-----------SECTION 3
Energy and Matter
Energy: _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Energy is __________________________but only changes form.
Energy can be transferred or transformed
_______________________means it move from one object to another
_______________________________means it changes into a different
form of energy
Energy and Matter
Forms of Energy:
There are only two types of energy-------
___________ Energy and _________Energy
Potential - ________________________ or cause a
change
Kinetic - ____________________________________
Energy and Matter
Types of Potential Energy:
_______________________ Energy – Energy stored in chemical bonds holding atoms together
_______________________ Energy – energy that holds the particles in an atomic nucleus together
________________________ Energy – energy stored in an object raised off of the surface of the Earth. The____________it is lifted the ____________ the amount of stored energy in the object.
________________________ Energy – energy stored in an object that is ____________________________________as in a string or rubber band.
Energy and Matter
Types of Kinetic Energy:
___________________________ Energy - a measure of the total energy of all the moving particles in an object
____________________________ Energy – the energy of light
____________________________ Energy – the energy of movingelectrons
_______________________ Energy – mechanical energy movingthrough a gas, liquid or solid
_______________________ Energy – energy contained in a moving object
Energy and Matter
The most important type of energy:
Thermal Energy - a measure of the total _____________
___________of all the particles in an object
Temperature – a measure of the _____________________
__________________________ of each particle in an object
Thermal Energy - always flows from the hotter object to the
colder object
Energy and Matter
Energy Changes:
Endothermic Change - during this change energy is _____________ or taken into the object
In chemical reactions the substance created or produced will get __________ because energy is being stored in new _____________________holding atoms together.
Energy is _____________________by the reaction.
The total energy of the new bonds is ______________ than the total energy of the old bonds that were holding atoms together.
Energy and Matter
Energy Changes:
Exothermic Change – during this change energy is
________________________________________of the object.
In chemical reactions the product will get _________
because _______________________from the chemical
bonds holding atoms together.
More energy is __________when bonds are
___________than is used up when new bonds are made.
Energy and Matter
Examples of Endothermic and Exothermic Changes:
Endothermic changes
_________________ changes: melting ice, boiling water, cooking food
_________________ changes: photosynthesis, use of a “cold pack”
Exothermic changes
Physical changes: ____________________________________________
Chemical changes: rusting of iron, burning a candle; condensation; forming a crystal, ________________________________________________
