Chapter 21 ProtistsDo Now: Answer these in your notebooks

1- How do protists move?

2- How do protists obtain energy?

3- What domain and kingdom are they in?

Protist Diversity

Most diverse of all organisms

Mostly unicellular, some multicellular

First group to evolve into multicellular & cell specialization

Characteristics:Characteristics:

Kingdom Protista, Domain Eukarya

Plant-like, Animal- Like and Fungus-likeMovement (flagella, cilia, pseudopodia)Live in water or damp soilsSome parasitic

Protist Reproduction

Asexual and

Sexual Reproductio

n• Asexually spores• Sexually Unicellular

or Multicellular

Sexual reproduction in Unicellular Protists

– Unicellular- •Haploid cell divides

by mitosismitosis, produces gametes

•Gametes fuse, forms diploid zygote

•MeiosisMeiosis forms haploid cells

Sexual Reproduction in Multicellular Protists

Either through alternation of generations or

conjugation

1- Alternation of Generations-1- Alternation of Generations-

2 phases: Diploid & Haploid2 phases: Diploid & Haploid

2- 2- Conjugation-Conjugation- temporary bridge between 2 protists, pass genetic information and forms a new “filament”

Types of Protists!!

Amoeba and their Pseudopodia

Amoebas:Amoebas:

Move & Eat by cytoplasmic cytoplasmic extensions – extensions – pseudopodiapseudopodia

•No cell wall or flagellaNo cell wall or flagella

•Reproduce by fission Reproduce by fission (divisions)(divisions)

•Can be parasiticCan be parasitic

Algae• Photosynthetic!• Green Algae (chlorophyll)

– Unicellular – freshwater– Multicellular- marine water

• Plankton!

• Red Algae (Red pigments)– Multicellular, live in deep oceans

• Brown Algae (brown pigments)– Large multicellular– Kelp

The Flagellates

All use flagellaAll use flagella• Dinoflagellates

– Unicellular, 2 flagella, heterotrophic or autotrophic

– Red tides & “BioLum”

• Euglenoids– Unicellular, 2

flagella, heterotrophic and autotrophic

– EyespotsEyespots

The Cilliates•Cilia

(movement & food)

•Unicellular heterotrophs

•Paramecium are ciliates

Draw the Protists!

AmeobaCilliateEuglena

Label the structures !!

Topic 1: Other Protists• Slime Molds

– Cellular- individual, colonial and spores

– Plasmodial- many nuclei

• Water mold & Downy Mildews- potato famine

“Dog Vomit” Slime Mold

Fuligo septica

• The blood like drops are liquefied fungal tissue

Slime Mold In A Fish Aquarium

Water mold on dead larval mayfly/stonefly

Topic 1: Parasitic Protists!!

•SporozoansSporozoans–Parasitic–Non-motile, unicellular–Asexual and sexual–Diseases like malaria

Topic 2: Good and Bad Protists

• Good- – Digestive tracts– Plankton- oxygen and food– Recycle chemicals back into environment

• Bad– DiseasesDiseases

•MalariaMalaria- PlasmodiumPlasmodium in mosquitoes– Infected mosquito bites human and transmits

sporozoite– Sporozoite infects liver cells and produces

merozoits– Merozoites infect red blood cells