The weird, Wacky, wonderful The weird, Wacky, wonderful

world of…world of… Kingdom Protista!Kingdom Protista!

Animal-like Animal-like ProtistsProtistsPlant-likePlant-like Protists Protists

Fungus-likeFungus-like Protists Protists

What is a protist??What is a protist??

A eukaryote that is NOT a member of…A eukaryote that is NOT a member of…

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi

……because it does not meet the because it does not meet the requirements for these Kingdoms.requirements for these Kingdoms.

Protist DiversityProtist Diversity

Approximately 200,000 species Approximately 200,000 species They come in different shapes, They come in different shapes,

sizes, and colors!sizes, and colors!All are All are eukaryoteseukaryotes – they have a – they have a

nucleus and membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organellesorganelles

Protozoans:Protozoans:

Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists

ProtozoansProtozoansWhat does What does ““zoazoa”” mean? mean?UnicellularUnicellular – made up of one cell. – made up of one cell.

(How is this different from animals?)(How is this different from animals?)HeterotrophsHeterotrophs – they eat other – they eat other

organisms or dead organic matterorganisms or dead organic matterClassified by how they moveClassified by how they move

Phyla of ProtozoansPhyla of Protozoans

Sarcodines (Amoebas)Sarcodines (Amoebas)

ZooflagellatesZooflagellates

CiliatesCiliates

SporozoansSporozoans

Sarcodines (Amoebas)Sarcodines (Amoebas)

No cell wallNo cell wallMove using Move using pseudopodspseudopods – plasma – plasma

extensions (what does the word extensions (what does the word mean??)mean??)

Engulf bits of food by flowing Engulf bits of food by flowing around and over themaround and over them

ZooflagellatesZooflagellates

Use a whip-like extension called Use a whip-like extension called a a flagellaflagella to move around quickly to move around quickly

Some cause diseasesSome cause diseases

Trichomonas foetusTrichomonas foetus : cow disease : cow disease

Trichomonas vaginalis: an STDTrichomonas vaginalis: an STD

African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma)

CiliatesCiliatesMove through water by beating tiny Move through water by beating tiny

hairs called hairs called cilia. cilia. Ciliates (like a paramecium) are Ciliates (like a paramecium) are

found in fresh and salt water.found in fresh and salt water.Not parasitic!Not parasitic!Contractile vacuoleContractile vacuole pumps water out pumps water out

of cellof cell

Paramecium caudatum

Sporazoans: the parasiteSSporazoans: the parasiteS

Non-motileNon-motile - Do not move on their own. - Do not move on their own.

Live inside a Live inside a hosthost

One type called One type called PlasmodiumPlasmodium causes the causes the disease disease malariamalaria. .

The mosquito is the host for the sporozoan. When the The mosquito is the host for the sporozoan. When the mosquito bites a person, they can get malaria.mosquito bites a person, they can get malaria.

Malaria in red Malaria in red blood cellsblood cells

AlgaeAlgae

Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists

What are Algae?What are Algae?

Can beCan be Unicellular Unicellular or or MulticellularMulticellularPhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic – make their own food – make their own foodNo roots, stems, or leavesNo roots, stems, or leavesEach has Each has chlorophyllchlorophyll and other and other

photosynthetic pigmentsphotosynthetic pigments

PhylaPhylaof Algaeof Algae

EuglenaphytesEuglenaphytesDiatomsDiatoms

DinoflagellatesDinoflagellatesRed, Brown, & Green AlgaeRed, Brown, & Green Algae

EuglenaphytaEuglenaphytaUnicellularUnicellularAquaticAquaticMove around like animals with Move around like animals with two two

flagellaflagellaNo cell wall (unlike plants!)No cell wall (unlike plants!)Can ingest food from surroundings Can ingest food from surroundings

when light is not available (So, they when light is not available (So, they are are autotrophsautotrophs OR OR heterotrophsheterotrophs!)!)

DiatomsDiatomsUnicellular & photosyntheticUnicellular & photosyntheticAbundant and beautiful – like little Abundant and beautiful – like little

jewels!jewels!Cell walls have patterns and linesCell walls have patterns and linesTheir cell walls are made of silicon Their cell walls are made of silicon

(Si)(Si)Photosynthetic pigment called Photosynthetic pigment called

carotenoidscarotenoids – give them a golden – give them a golden colorcolor

Dinoflagellates: Dinoflagellates: The Spinning OnesThe Spinning Ones

Unicellular protistsUnicellular protistsSpin around using Spin around using two flagellatwo flagellaSome are Some are photosyntheticphotosynthetic and some are and some are

heterotrophicheterotrophicSome are Some are bioluminescenbioluminescent!t!Some kinds are responsible for Some kinds are responsible for red tidesred tides

– toxic – toxic ““bloomsblooms”” of dinoflagellates that of dinoflagellates that can be dangerous.can be dangerous.

Red tides caused by toxic dinoflagellates. This red tide killed some fish.

Some dinoflagellates create their own light. This is called bioluminescence.

These pictures were taken in Puerto Rico in a place called “Bioluminescent Bay”.

Red AlgaeRed Algae

Reddish seaweedsReddish seaweedsLive in oceanLive in oceanMulticellularMulticellularHave red and blue Have red and blue

pigments, so they pigments, so they are are autotrophsautotrophs

Brown AlgaeBrown Algae

Multicellular brown seaweedMulticellular brown seaweedThey have They have air bladdersair bladders to help them to help them

float at the surface (where the light is float at the surface (where the light is located!).located!).

Examples: Giant Kelp (where sea Examples: Giant Kelp (where sea otters hide), otters hide), SargassumSargassum

Green AlgaeGreen Algae

Lives in Lives in fresh and saltwaterfresh and saltwaterUnicellular and multicellularUnicellular and multicellularLive alone or in groups called Live alone or in groups called

coloniescoloniesVery similar to plants - perhaps the Very similar to plants - perhaps the

ancestors of plants!ancestors of plants!

Multicellular Unicellular

& Colonial

Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists

Characteristics in Characteristics in CommonCommon

All form delicate, net-like All form delicate, net-like structures on the surface of their structures on the surface of their food sourcefood source

Obtain energy by decomposing Obtain energy by decomposing organic material (heterotrophs)organic material (heterotrophs)

PhylaPhylaofof

Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists

Plasmodium Slime MoldsPlasmodium Slime Molds

Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime Molds

Water Molds & Downy MildewsWater Molds & Downy Mildews

Slime MoldsSlime MoldsLive in cool moist, shady places Live in cool moist, shady places

where they grow on damp, where they grow on damp, organic matterorganic matter

Very gross, colorful, and super Very gross, colorful, and super coolcool

PlasmodiAL Slime MoldsPlasmodiAL Slime Molds

Form Form plasmodiumplasmodium: a mass of : a mass of cytoplasm that contains many cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – membranes – its feeding stageits feeding stage

Creeps by amoeboid movement – Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hour2.5 cm/hour

PlasmodiAL Slime Molds PlasmodiAL Slime Molds continued…continued…

May reach more than a meter (!!!) in May reach more than a meter (!!!) in diameterdiameter

Form reproductive structures when Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry upsurroundings dry up

SporesSpores are dispersed by the wind and are dispersed by the wind and grow into new plasmodiumgrow into new plasmodium

6-Vomit Slime Mold (why would someone name it this?!)

Dog Vomit Slime Mold

Often, slime molds grow on mulch because it is so high in organic nutrients.

Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime Molds

In feeding mode, they exist as In feeding mode, they exist as individual amoebic cellsindividual amoebic cells

When food becomes scarce, they When food becomes scarce, they come together with thousands of come together with thousands of their own kind to reproducetheir own kind to reproduce

May look like a plasmodiumMay look like a plasmodium

Beautiful and colorful slime molds!!

Water Molds & Downy Water Molds & Downy MildewsMildews

Live in water or moist placesLive in water or moist placesFeed on dead organisms or live as Feed on dead organisms or live as

plant parasitesplant parasitesFuzzy white growthsFuzzy white growths

Water mold growing on a dead mayfly larvae

THE ENDTHE END