CHAPTER 23Industrialization of the West

1760 - 1914

Map Exercise 23.1Napoleon's Empire (page 543)

• 1. The Grand Empire of Napoleon• a. What areas did Napoleon acquire?• b. What states allied with Napoleon?• c. What states seemed to be enemies of

Napoleon?• 2. Upsetting the Balance of Power• a. How did Napoleon upset the balance of

power?• b. Based on Napoleon’s campaigns, what can

you predict about his plans?

Map Exercise 23.3Industrialization in Europe, c. 1850 (page 545)

• 1. Reading the map• a. Identify the industrial areas of England• b. What areas are emerging industrial areas?• c. What nation (s) has (have) the densest

concentration of railroads?• 2. Drawing Conclusions• a. What nations would likely experience an

industrial revolution?• b. Why do you come to this conclusion?

Map Exercise 23.3The Unification of Italy (pg 551)

The Unification of Germany (pg 552)

• What states united Italy & Germany respectively?

• What other states did the 2 core nations acquire?

Forces of Change

intellectual Enlightenment thinkers

challenge existing order

population pressure - increase

merchants encourage economic & technological changes

stimulate expansion

youthful independence grew

Revolutions

call for change or restoration of past patterns

American

constitution based on Enlightenment principles

Frenchcall for change – mid 1700s - limitations on aristocracy & church - increased voice for citizens - middle-class want greater political role - peasants want freedom from landlords

market economy

King cannot control

Declaration of Rights of Man & the Citizen

- assembly abolishes manorialism- enact equality before the law- new parliament limits royal authority- church privileges attacked

reforms cause resistance & civil wars in some areas

economic chaos

revolution taken over by radical groups

universal male suffrage

radical leadership falls in 1795

Napoleon Bonaparte- turns revolutionary republic into authoritarian

empire- kept many of changes

focus more on foreign expansion- 1812 control w. Europe except Britain

1815 empire ends- revolutionary ideals survived

victorious allies = restore balance of power

France not peaceful internally

conservative victorsliberals radicalssocialistsnationalists

political discussion center on constitution & political participation

revolutions (1820s & 30s)in: Greece Spain Portugal France Italy Germany Belgium

secure more liberal rights & religious freedom

Industrial Revolution

begin in Britain

technological change

Enlightenment thinking = ideological base for change

origins 1770-1840

factory systeminterchangeable partscoal & coke fueltransportation & communication

improved agriculture

Disruptions of Industrial Life

movement

social changes

work conditions end leisurely craft production

middle class redefines family life

lower classes turned to governments

revolts follow – government unresponsive

social reformequal rights

“revolutions of 1848”

want: liberal constitutionslimits on industrializationend of manorialismethnic demands

generally failed

aristocracy declines

middle class property owners vs. working class

- old alliances that produced revolutions dissolved- revolutions in West become obsolete

rise of socialism

adjustments to industrial life

stable populationschildren valuedmaterial conditions improvepeasants improve liveslabor movements

Political Trends

cautious change

Britain – vote to working-class males 1867Prussia – vote to all adult males

conservatives use nationalism to win support

united: Italy Germany (1871)

most Western nations have parliamentary systems

key political issues reduced

New Government Functions

expand

civil service examsschool systems

welfare systems set up

government & citizen contact with each other

rise of socialism- Karl Marx

revisionists support parliamentary democracy

feminist movements late 1800s

Cultural Change

higher wages

increased leisure time

consumption encouraged (factory capacity)

mass leisure culture

advances in scientific knowledge- continues tradition of rationalism- Darwin, Einstein, Freud

Artistic Expression

romanticism vs rationalism

African & East Asian influences

Western culture doesn’t synthesize

Expansion of West’s power

new markets & raw material needed

transportation & communication-Europeans & superior weapons help spread empires- immigration

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U.S. - growing power

Civil War – 1st modern war

British settler colonies

Canada, Australia, New Zealand

parliamentary governments, European culture

dependent on Great Britain economically

20th century balance of power altered by Germany’s rise

overseas expansion by European countries

imperial rivalries add to tension in Europe

Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy

Triple Entente Britain France Russia

1 unstable partner in each

all lead into WWI