CHAPTER 3 – ASSIGNED WORK KEY TERMS, Q. 2 TO 4, 6 & 9 GLOBALIZATION AND WORLD VIEWS

C H A P T E R 3 – A S S I G N E D W O R KK E Y T E R M S , Q . 2 T O 4 , 6 & 9

GLOBALIZATION AND WORLD VIEWS

QUESTION #2: COMPARE THE EXPANSIONIST WORLD VIEW WITH THE

ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW

• The Expansionist World View

• - the value of the world’s resources lies in their importance to society in the creation of wealth and other benefits for humankind

• - science and technology can control and tame nature for the benefits of humankind

• - nature is a resource to be used not preserved

QUESTION #2: COMPARE THE EXPANSIONIST WORLD VIEW WITH THE

ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW• The Ecological World View• - humans have a spiritual

relationship with nature that can only be preserved if nature is protected against exploitation

• - all parts of the natural world are interrelated, so people must work within limitations with its resources as harming one part will have a ripple effect, ultimately have negative consequences for humanity

• - how people treat nature is a reflection of the state of human society

QUESTION #3: THE GAIA HYPOTHESIS

• What is the Gaia Hypothesis?• Developed by James

Lovelock in 1972• Idea that the Earth is a

single, living, self-regulating organism• From bacteria to humans,

the Earth is one organism that is interconnected and that interacts with non-living matter to modify its environment in order to maintain balance and in order to survive

QUESTION # 4: LIMITS TO GROWTH VS.

CORNUCOPIAN WORLD VIEWS

• The Limits to Growth Thesis• - States that there are limits to population growth

because resources are finite (limited)and they can be over consumed and even renewable resources can be overused and damaged• Based on Computer Models that predict that if current

trends in population growth, economic development and resource use continue, within 100 years, Earth’s carrying capacity will be exceeded• Carrying capacity: the maximum number of

people that can be sustained by the Earth’s resources.

LIMITS TO GROWTH MODEL

QUESTION # 4: LIMITS TO GROWTH VS.

CORNUCOPIAN WORLD VIEWS• Cornucopian Thesis• Earth’s resources are not finite because science and technology

will continue to find new resources to replace old, depleted ones• There need not be limits to growth as long as technological

development continues

GLOBALIZATION AS OPPORTUNITY

GLOBALIZATION AS THREAT

QUESTION #8: HOW HUMAN INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT CAN BRING ABOUT

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• Cycle A – Global Economy of the Past• Wealth is accumulated via degradation of

environment. Wealth = higher standard of living, more demand for “things” = higher rate of consumption, further exploitation of the environment.


SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT• Cycle B – Current Global Economy• Degraded environment from cycle A causes

less wealth to be generated, creating a negative feedback loop where environment continues to be degraded.• At some point, there is a realization that this

negative behaviour is destroying our only home. (Are we there yet?).


SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT• Cycle C – Future

Global Economy• Our relationship

with the environment becomes symbiotic and a permanent, long term strategy is required in which stress on the environment is reduced through sustainable development.

QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES – GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR

BOTH?“Internet use grows explosively”= Both!

•Globalization:• Increasing contact among members of the “global village” due to better and more efficient means of communication

• Sustainability:• Increased

communication can lead to more awareness about the negative impact of our behaviour on the environment and increased sharing of ideas and technology to solve these problems

QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES – GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR BOTH?

• “US forest industry opposes increased production in Canada” = Globalization

• Local production is affected by the policies of, and political pressure from, other countries.

• “Dangerous new forms of malaria appear in Africa”

• = Globalization

• Diseases are spread much more widely and quickly because of globalization (travel, etc. by air quickly carry diseases from place to place).

QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES – GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR

BOTH?• “Governments struggle to meet needs of growing

number of older citizens” = Both!• Globalization Sustainability• As populations in Seniors do not consume as

developing countries many resources as younger• grow older, immigration people so they live more• will have to increase to sustainable lifestyles. Also,

replace workers who are if death rate eventuallyretiring to generate taxes exceeds birth rate, smallerneeded for pension populations will consumepayment fewer resources.


• “Rising oil prices threaten prosperity of developed countries” = BOTH!

• Globalization Sustainability• Oil prices change As oil prices rise, alternative

according to supply and fuels become more demand, OPEC pricing competitive. Also, rising oilpolicies and international prices cause travel costs to political situations, all of increase which can makewhich are beyond the people travel less. Thesecontrol of individual behaviours reduces overallcountries. Consumption and encourage research and development

• into other energy sources.


• “China to allow more families a second child”• = Both!

• Globalization Sustainability• High global demand for More children will

have aChinese products creates negative effect on economic expansion and sustainability as morewealth. More affluent children increase pressurefamilies can afford more on land and resources.children.


• “Poor countries demand debt relief” = BOTH!• Globalization Sustainability• Debt relief is provided by When countries

are poordeveloped countries and they may not focus on international agencies and the protection of the banks like the World Bank. Environment and the needs of future generations.

Documents

CHAPTER 3 – ASSIGNED WORK KEY TERMS, Q. 2 TO 4, 6 & 9 GLOBALIZATION AND WORLD VIEWS