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Chapter 3 Atomic Structure

Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

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Page 1: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Chapter 3

Atomic Structure

Page 2: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

DEMOCRITUS

• Greek philosopher• 470-380 BC• Deduced the ‘atom’

– Greek for

• Everything in universe is made of

Page 3: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Lavoisier

•

• Concluded a chemical reaction

Page 4: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Proust

• Law of

• A given compound always has the same ratios of elements

•

Page 5: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Dalton

• Atomic theory of matter

•

Page 6: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Dalton’s Postulates

• Each element is

• All atoms of a given element are

Page 7: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Dalton’s Postulates

• Atoms are

• A given compound always

Page 8: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

How did he know?

• Indirect evidence

• Observations on how things reacted

Page 9: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

• Atoms in Silicon

Page 10: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of
Page 11: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of
Page 12: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Structure

• Michael Faraday• Proved atoms

contained

Page 13: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Ben Franklin

• Studied static electricity

• Flew a kite in a thunderstorm

• Don’t do this at home

• Concluded 2 charges

Page 14: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Charges• Positive (+) • Negative (-)• Like charges • Opposite charges • Built up

• When the electrons jump to a door or person…

Page 15: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Cathode Rays

• TV

• Electrons moving through a glass tube with little pressure inside.

• J.J. Thompson

Page 16: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Atomic Structure Review

• Proton–

• Neutron–

• Electron–

Page 17: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

The Modern Day Atom• Nucleus:

–

–

• Orbiting Nucleus:–

Page 18: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Atomic Numbers (Z)• Equal to • NEVER CHANGES

Page 19: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Mass Number (A)• Sum of

Page 20: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Isotopes of the Elements• Same

• Different number of

Page 21: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Isotopes

• Defined:–

• Will have different mass

• C-12

• C-13

Page 22: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Average Atomic Mass

• Ave Mass =

• No

• No

• Only

Page 23: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Practice

• What is the average atomic mass of the following element. Isotope/mass Abundance

Q-54 43%

Q-55 29%

Q-53 17%

Q-56 11%

Page 24: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Ions of the Elements

• Same number of

• Has lost or gained –Contains

Page 25: Chapter 3 Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher 470-380 BC Deduced the ‘atom’ –Greek for Everything in universe is made of

Practice

• How many electrons in


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