Chapter 3

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Objective

• Understand the history and evolution of computer hardware.

• Identify the major types and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems.

• Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.

• Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system.

• Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons or your selections.

Content

• Introduction• Types of Computer Systems• Computer Peripherals

Introduction

Using object to represent numeric

Before

Mechanical adding machine by Blaise Pascal

1642

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz improved Pascal’s machine it can multiply and divide

1674

-Mechanical loom by a Frenchman named Joseph Jacquard. using punch card.-Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage. It can perform logical comparisons

Age of industrialization spread throughout Europe 1880s

Herman Hollerith eventually adaptedJacquard’s concept of the punched card to record census data.

ENIAC. It use vacuum to store problem calculation.18,000 vacuum tube , about 5,000 computations/second

1946

UNIVAC I. calculate at the rate of 10,000 additions per second

1950s

IBM developed the IBM 704, which could perform 100,000 calculations per second.

9857

Introduction

Jack Kilby created handheld calculator and thermal printer

1958

age of microcomputers began(ALTAIR 8800). The computer was programmed by flicking switches on the front.

1975

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak invented PC in a garage

1977 1882

IBM PC was born

Types of Computer Systems• Microcomputer Systems:

– They are the most important category of computer systems for both businesspeople and consumers.– They have become powerful networked professional workstations for business professionals.– Microcomputers come in a variety of sizes and shapes for a variety of purposes.– It can be used as Computer Terminals, Network Computers, and Information Appliances.

• Midrange Systems:– They are primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-scale

processing of many business applications.– Midrange systems have become popular as powerful network servers(help manage large Internet Web

sites, corporate intranets and extranets, and other networks).– Midrange systems first became popular for scientific research, instrumentation systems, engineering

analysis, and industrial process monitoring and control.• Mainframe Computer Systems:

– They are large, fast, and powerful computer systems(can process thousands of million instructions per second).

– Mainframes can also have large primary storage capacities.– Mainframe computers continue to handle the information processing needs of major corporations and

government agencies with high transaction processing volumes or complex computational problems(Ex banks, airlines, oil companies,…).

– mainframes are becoming a popular business computing platform for data mining and warehousing,

Microcomputer system

Examples of recommended features for the three types of PC users

Midrange Computer System

Mainframe Computer System

The ASCI Whitesupercomputer system

Component of Computer System

• Input device• Processing(CPU)• Output• Storage(primary storage unit, secondary storage)• Control

Computer Peripherals

• Peripherals is the generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system but are not part of the CPU(online devices).

• The major types of peripherals and media are:– Input Technologies:

• Pointing Devices: mouse, pointing stick, touch pad, Touch screens.• Pen-based computing• Speech Recognition Systems• Optical Scanning: scanner, optical character recognition(OCR)• Other Input Technologies: Magnetic stripe, Smart cards, Digital

cameras.

Input Technology

Computer Peripherals

– Output Technology: • Video Output: CRT, LCD• Printed Output: Inkjet printers, Laser printers

– Storage Technology:• Semiconductor Memory: RAM, ROM, flash drive• Magnetic Disks: Floppy disks, Hard disk drives, RAID• Magnetic Tape• Optical Disks: CD-R, CD-RW, DVD

Output Technology

Storage Media