Chapter 3: Movement of substance across the plasma membrane

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 3 Movement of Subtances Across the Plasma Membrane _________________________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 3: MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WORKSHEET 3.1 Movements of Substances across the Plasma Membrane Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. Substances that are required by cells are: _____________, _____________ and

_________________.

2. Substances to be eliminated from cells are ______________, ____________ and

_________________.

3. The necessity for the movement of substances across the plasma membrane :

Obtain nutrient for __________________

Eliminate ____________________ products

Maintain concentration of ions that are suitable for the activities of the cell.

Maintain the _________________ pH value.

4. The movement of substances in and out of the cells is regulated by the

______________________.

5. The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its

surroundings.

6. S.J. Singer and G. Nicolson (1972) proposed a membrane model called the

___________________________________

7. The fluid-mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as ________________, with

the protein and phospholipid molecules moving freely within the membrane.

[12 Marks]

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WORKSHEET 3.2 The Structure of the Plasma Membrane

Label the structure of the plasma membrane in the diagram below.

Diagram 3.1 : The Fluid–mosaic Model

1. The plasma membrane, according to the fluid-mosaic model is composed mainly of

________________ and protein.

2. Each phospholipid molecule consists of two parts:

A polar head that gives it a ________________ property.

A pair of non-polar tails that give it a _____________________ property.

3. In plasma membranes, phospholipids arrange themselves into two layers (bilayer).

The hydrophilic heads of the outer layer face the ____________________ fliud.

The hydrophilic heads of the inner layer face the _________________ fluid.

4. The ______________ acts as a barrier which isolates the two sides of the membrane.

5. The phospholipid bilayer also contains _______________ which links the fatty acids

together.

6. Cholesterol makes the plasma membrane stable, strong, more flexible and less

permeable to water-soluble substances such as ions.

7. There are two different types of proteins.

____________ protein : the protein molecule that forms a channel or pore

____________ protein : the protein molecule that acts as a carrier

Both proteins are referred to as transport proteins.

8. Some membrane proteins that have carbohydrate chains attached to them on their outer

surface form ______________________.

[10 Marks]

3.1/2

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[ 8 marks ]


WORKSHEET 3.3 The Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. The membrane is said to be _______________ if it prevents the passage of all

molecules.

2. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable or ___________________________

3. This means that, certain substances can move across the plasma membrane freely while

others cannot.

4. The ___________ and _____________ of molecules determine the movement of

molecules across the plasma membrane.

5. Complete the table :

Structure of plasma membrane

Substances that moves across the plasma membrane

Phospholipids

bilayer

Example : fatty acid, glycerol and vitamin A, D, E, K

Example : oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Example : water

Pore protein

Small water-molecules and ions

Example : K+, ________, ________

Carrier protein

Large water-soluble molecules

Example : _________________ and amino acids

[10 Marks]

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WORKSHEET 3.4 The movement of soluble substances across the plasma membrane through the process of passive transport

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

[11 Marks]

Passive Transport

Movement of substances across

the membrane follows the

__________________________

without any use of energy by the

cell.

Simple diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

Net movement of molecules or ions from a region of ____________ concentration to a region of lower concentration, following the concentration gradient until ________________is achieved.

The movement of molecules aided by

carrier proteins follows the concentration

gradient without using _____________ until

an __________________ is achieved .

Phospholipid bilayer

Carrier protein Pore protein

Glucose and amino acids

____________, carbon dioxide and lipid-soluble molecules

Definition

Types

Definition Definition

Pass through Pass through

Example

Examples

Examples

Net movement of _______ molecules

from a region of

_____________________concentration

to a region of

______________________concentration

through a _______________________.

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WORKSHEET 3.5 Facilitated Diffusion

Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

1. Facilitated diffusion through a pore protein

Diagram 3.2 : Facilitated diffusion through a pore protein

1. Pore proteins form _________ or channels which small dissolves particles (ions) can

diffuse across the plasma membrane.

2. Pore has a ________________________ which only allow specific ions to pass through.

2. Facilitated diffusion through a carrier protein

1. Molecules such as glucose, small protein and amino acids move towards the binding

sites of specific carrier protein and bind themselves to the……………………..

2. The carrier protein changes its …………to allow the molecules to pass through to the

other side of the plasma membrane.

3. The protein resumes its …………………… shape.

The movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis

Diagram 3.2 : Facilitated diffusion through a carrier protein

1. Molecules such as glucose and acids amino _________ to the specific carrier protein at

active site.

2. The carrier protein changes its ____________ to allow the molecules to pass through to

other side of plasma membrane.

3. The carrier protein changes to its _______________ shape.

[5 marks]

High concentration

Low concentration

Amino acid and glucose

Carrier protein

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3.5/2


WORKSHEET 3.6 Osmosis

Fill in the blank with suitable answers.

A. The movement of water molecules across the plasma membrane by osmosis

1. Osmosis is a net movement of _________ molecules from a region of

_________________ concentration to a region of __________________ concentration

through a ____________________________

2. A has ______________ water molecules than B, so A is ______________ to B.

[7 marks]

A B A B

Water molecules

Solute molecules Draw the line diagram to show the water level.

Diagram 3.3 : The process of osmosis

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Only water molecules can pass through the pores in the semi permeable membrane


WORKSHEET 3.7 Active Transport The movement of substances across the plasma membrane through the process of active transport Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. 1. Active transport is the movement of ____________ or ______ from a region of

____________concentration to a region of ___________ concentration across the

plasma membrane with the use of cellular ___________.

2. Besides using energy in the form of ATP that is generated during respiration, active

transport also require ________________

3. The carrier protein has _____________ which binds with a particular molecule or ion and

another active site which binds to the ATP molecules.

4. Active transport results in the ______________ or elimination of molecules or ions from

the cells, i.e equilibrium state is never achieved.

5. Carrier proteins involved in active transport are often called pump because they operate

just like water pump which use energy to move water against ____________________

6. In animal cells, the concentration of _______________ ions inside the cells is always

higher than the concentration ___________________ the cell.

7. While the concentration of _________________ ions outside the cells is always

_____________ than the concentration inside the cells.

8. Carrier proteins are called _____________________ pumps that help to maintain the

concentration gradients by pumping sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into

the cell.

9. In plant cell, there is a sodium pump mechanism in mangrove root.

[13 Marks]

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WORKSHEET 3.8 The mechanism of active transport for sodium ions

The diagram 3.4 shows the mechanism of active transport. Based on the diagram, fill in the blanks, to show the correct sequence.

Diagram 3.4

1. The sodium ions approach the _________. The carrier protein has a site for the sodium

ions and another site to bind the ATP molecules.

2. The carrier protein binds the sodium ions. The ATP molecules is split into _______ and

_______________. The splitting of ATP releases energy to the carrier protein.

3. Energy from ATP changes the _______ of the carrier protein to release the sodium ions

outside the cells.

4. The carrier protein turn to its________________ shape.

[9 marks]

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WORKSHEET 3.9 Compare and contrast between passive transport and active transport

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

Both involved through plasma membrane

The movement of

substances _________ the

concentration gradient

Direction of substances

movement

The movement of

substances ___________

the concentration gradient

Cellular energy is

_________________

Energy needed

Cellular energy is

__________________

Take place in living

___________ or non-living

physical condition

Location take place

Only takes place in living

________________

[6 marks]

Passive Transport Active Transport Similarities

Differences

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____


WORKSHEET 3.10 Effects of different types of solutions on plant

and animal cells

Three types of solutions

Isotonic

Concentration of

solution A is _____ than

solution B, so solution

A is _____________ to

B.

Concentration of

solution A is _______

to B, so solution A is

_______________ to B.

Concentration of

solution A is

__________ than

solution B, so solution A

is ______________to B.

Score __ /__

____


WORKSHEET 3.11 Effects of Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions on Animal Cells

SLIDE OBSERVATION

( DIAGRAM ) EXPLANATION

A

( Red blood cells )

- The red blood cells has _____________ disc

shape.

B

( Distilled water )

- Concentration of solution outside the cells is

_______ than the concentration of solution inside

the cells. ( Distilled water is ______________ to

the cytoplasm of the red blood cells )

- Water diffuses ___________ the cells by

___________________

- The cells swell.

- The plasma membrane is too thin to withstand the

osmotic pressure causing it to rupture and

__________________

- This condition is called _______________.

C

( 0.15 M sodium chloride

solution )

- Concentration of solution outside the cell is the

__________ as inside the cell. ( 0.15 M sodium

chloride solution is __________ to the

cytoplasm of the red blood cells )

- Water moves ______ and ______ of the cells

at the ______________ rate.

- The red blood cells retain their _________disc

shape.

D

( 0.50 M sodium chloride solution )

- Concentration of solution outside the cells is

_______ than the concentration of solution inside

the cells. ( 0.5 M sodium chloride solution is

____________ to the cytoplasm of the red blood

cells.)

- Water diffuses ___________of the cells by

_____________

- The cells ________ water, shrivel and the plasma

membrane crinkles up.

- This condition is known as _______________.

Score __ /__

[ 19 marks ]


WORKSHEET 3.12 Effects of Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions on Plant Cells

SLIDE PLANT CELLS ( DIAGRAM )

EXPLANATION

A

( Plant cells )

The plant cell has a _______________ shape.

B

( Distilled water )

-The solution outside the cell is ____________

_____________ than the solution inside the cell.

(Distill water is ______________ to the cell sap

of the plant cell )

-Water diffuses ________ the cells by osmosis.

-Vacuole expand and cell ______________.

-Cell is _________________ and firm.

-Plant cell do not burst because of the rigid

___________________.

C

( 0.5M sucrose solution)

-The concentration of solution outside the cell is

the_______as the solution inside the cell. ( 0.5M

sucrose solution is _________ to the cell sap of

plant cell )

- Water molecules diffuses ______ and _____

of the cells at the same rate.

- Shape of cells remains intack.

D

( 1.0M sucrose solution )

-The solution outside the cell is _________ than

the solution inside the cell. (1.0M sucrose

solution is ________to the cell sap of plant cell )

-Water diffuses _______ of the large central

vacuole by ________________

-The plasma membrane pulls away from the

_____________

-Cell becomes ______________

-This phenomenon is called ___________ and

causes wilting of plants.

Score __ /__

[19 marks]


WORKSHEET 3.13 The Effects and Applications of Osmosis in

Everyday Life

Wilting of plants caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers

1. Wilting in plants is usually caused by the excessive use of _______________.

2. Fertilizers such as ______________ which are added to the soil dissolve in the water.

3. This makes the soil water more concentrated and ____________ to the cell sap of the

plant roots.

4. Water diffuses from the cell sap into the soil by osmosis, causing the cells to be

__________________.

5. A wilting plant eventually dies if it is not watered immediately.

Preservation of food using salt and sugar

1. Food such as mushrooms, fruits, vegetables and fish can be preserved longer using salt

and _______________.

2. These preservatives will make the solution outside the food more _____________

compare to the contents of the food.

3. The hypertonic solution causes _______________ to leave the food by osmosis.

4. The cells in the food substances become ______________________.

5. Microorganism such as ______ and ________ also lose water by osmosis to the

surrounding solution and will eventually die. Therefore, food will have a __________

shelf life.

[11 Marks]

Score __ /__

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Chapter 3: Movement of substance across the plasma membrane