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CHAPTER - 3
PROFILE OF HONEY
INDUSTRY IN KANYAKUMARI
DISTRICT
61
3.1 PROFILE OF HONEY INDUSTRY
Bee- keeping refers to the domestication of honey bees for the
purpose of obtaining honey and other useful products such as bee wax,
pollen, royal jelly and pollinating activity.1 Bee- keeping is an old
tradition in India but used to be considered a non – investment profit
giving venture in most areas. Bee- keeping has the potential to develop as
prime Agri- horticultural and forest based industry.2
3.2 BEE- KEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA DURING THE
BRITISH PERIOD
Honey and bees have been known to human being, since time
immemorial. Bee- keeping, unlike several other rural industries, is not a
traditional enterprise in India. The First movable frame hive was used for
domesticating bees in Bengal in 18823.
3.3 BEE- KEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN POST
INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
After independence, taking from the Government of India‟s
policy to rejuvenate the rural Industries, the newly established All India
Khadi and Village Industries Board took up the task of Bee – keeping
development in the country. In 1959, this Board was renamed as Khadi
and Village Industries Commission, under the Ministry of Industries
having Khadi and village Industries Board at the State level. Some States,
like Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh
1 Neelima R.Kumar, “Bee - keeping for Self Employment”, Kissan World, Vol. 3.
No.1995, P.53. 2 R.C. Mishra, “Waiting to be fully tapped”, The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture,
1999, P.163 3 Dr. Raja Justus, “Economics of Beekeeping Industry”,(A case of Tamil nadu), P.15-17
62
etc, established departments of Bee- keeping under the State Ministry of
Agriculture Industry.
On the recommendations of the National Commission on
Agriculture (1976), an “All India Co- operated Project on Honey Bee
Research and Training was launched by ICAR in 1981 with CBRTIC,
Pune as its main centre. At present its headquarters has been shifted to
Choudary Charan Singh, Haryana Agriculture University Hissar.4
In 1974, there were only about 205 colonies owned by the
migrant bee – keepers. The number rose to approximately 10 lakh colonies
in 1990. In the mean while many voluntary organizations entered this
field, such as, Bee- keepers co – operative society, Indian Apiary
Industries Institute of honey, Kanyakumari Sarvadya Singh and Young
Men Christian Association. It was Young Men Christian Association
Marthandam , in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, which started
giving training in Bee- keeping for the first time in India and sent these
trainees to other parts of the country5. Bee- keeping programmes are also
implemented through Khadi and Village Industries Commission,
Federation of Bee – keepers Association, Rubber Board, National Bee –
Board, Khadi and Village Industries Board etc.
Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Commission is
directly involved in honey trade through its only honey marketing
department located in Kanyakumari District. This commission has
carried on the activities of Bee- keeping (i.e.) organization of Co –
4 Jameskutty karaoke, Diffusion of Bee – keeping Technology in Kerala, An economic
Analysis 2000 2001 P.5 5 KVIC Honey trading activity in Kerala State and Kanyakumari District of Tamilnadu, P
(1)
63
operatives, registering Institutions and Departmental centers,
Manufacturing and Distribution of Improved tools and equipments to the
needy Bee- keepers, Provision of finance for the creation of infrastructural
facilities, such as, construction of Production units, plants, go downs, and
marketing department for stocking production and marketing of honey
and bee- wax, managerial assistance to production centers marketing at
Kuzhithurai 6
Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board is functioning
as the agency in the development and marketing of hive products. Starting
from the year 1974, the Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board
has been conducting practical demonstration at different places in Tamil
Nadu in order to popularize the importance and benefits of Bee- keeping.
The Federation of Bee – keepers Association is a subsidiary
organization of Khadi and Village Industries Board and is the Federation
of Bee- keepers Societies in the State. At present, there are 28 Registered
Societies under Bee- Federation. It was started in 1992 and was financed
by the State Government, and Khadi and Village Industries Board. The
main activity was to collect honey from members and societies and to
process and market it. The federation is also supposed to conduct training
in bee- keeping. But due to financial constraints, their operation is limited
to the collection and marketing of Honey, at present.
Rubber Board is also engaged in the Promotion of bee –
keeping among Rubber farmers through imparting training in bee –
keeping and subsidizing the establishments of new bee – keeping units. In
6 KVIC Khadi and Village Industries Commission P3.
64
the year 1999 – 2000 there were 24 rubber - approved agencies, which
were spread all over Kerala and Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu.
The National Bee – Board was established in 1993 to co –
ordinate the work done under Khadi and village Industries Board and Bee
– keepers Co- operatives7.
Bee- keepers cannot store, process, pack and market their
produce and thus need the support of the industry for proper growth of
Bee- keeping.
Honey Production is seasonal and is mainly production from
November to May in different areas. This honey is required to be
procured, transported, stored and processed for packing and marking.
Honey is required to be processed and standardized to meet the
domestic and international standards. The industry also has the important
function of studying market trends for honey, which is a world
commodity .8
The Indian population of 100 million is a huge market for bee
products. With the improvement in living standards, honey is finding a
place in every household. In India is just a moderate 0.5k.g per year, the
total domestic consumption will be 5 lakh tons. If an average bee colony
yields 20 – 30k.g honey per year, India need to raise 1.6 to 2.4 million
colonies to meet the demand 9.
7 Jameskutty karaoke,op,cit,P.11
8 Dr. Raja Justus, op. cit
9 Annie Bright, M.Chandrashekaran and M.Miduswami, “Bee pollinatouras importance
and presentationb Kisanworld vol-25 No.$ April 1998,P-61
65
TABLE NO. 3.1
PURCHASE AND SALE OF HONEY IN THE CO-
OPERATIVE SOCIETY AT MARTHANDAM
Year Quantity of
Honey
Purchased (k.g)
Value Rs Quantity
of
Honey
Sold (k.g)
Value Rs
1996-97 103770 4435300 89000 6082600
1997-98 148700 6686800 149600 10029000
1998-99 290000 12557000 250400 15151000
1999-2000 275500 1179000 275600 17084000
2000-2001 298000 24895000 28000 18094000
2001-2002 269631 13006747 234793 16944768
2002-2003 253180 12290190 289646 20865803
2003-2004 232737 14339273 230042 17020560
2004-2005 190281 9650577 174410 16881215
2005-2006 76536 3587534 168639 15110159
Source : Purchase and sales Book
3.3.1 THIRUVATTAR BEE – KEEPERS CO–OPERATIVE
SOCIETY:-
This society was started in 1965 and the present membership is
453. It indicates the increase of Bee- keepers in Thiruvattar and
Killiyoor. The Total honey produce is 10000 k.g. Like Marthandam Bee-
66
keepers Society, this society was also purchasing raw honey and were
selling after processing.
3.3.2 PRODUCTION OF HONEY IN KANYAKUMARI
DISTRICT:
Production of Honey in Kanyakumari District is about 1000000
Kg. The major Portion of honey is obtained from Vilavancode and
Kalkulam Taluks. Now there are 2000000 Bee colonies in Kanyakumari
District and 7000 persons are engaged in Bee – keeping. Honey
production seasons in Kanyakumari District is February, March and
April every year.
Honey harvested from different species are given below :
Apis Cevarna - 8 to 10 Kg. per colony
Apis Mellifera - 10 to 15 kg. per colony
Apis Dorsata - 10 to 25Kg. per colony
Apis Florea - 500 gm. To 2 Kg. per colony
Honey Production in India is only about 27,000 tonnes a year
and the major portion of this is obtained from Apis Dorsata,though the
share of apiary is increasing every year. At present, it is estimated that
about 9000 tons of honey is produced from 6lakhs colonies. Only about
20-25 percent of the bee flora is being exploited at present 10.
10
Prof.J.Jhonson, “Apiculture Book” 1998.
67
3.4 PRODUCTION VALUE OF THE VILLAGE INDUSTRIES:-
There are two Co- operative Societies in Kanyakumari District
They are Thiruvattar and Marthandam. Marthandam Co – operative
society is the largest in India. Marthandam Village owns more than 30,
000 hives.
Processed honey is sold out in Tamil Nadu through the YMCA,
Khadicraft, Khadi Bandanas, Honey Marketing department, show – room
cum sales counters and at honey parlours at selected places.
Bee- keeping is also intensively carried out in Kalkulam and
Vilavancode taluks excluding Thiruvattar and Killiyoor Panchayat of the
Union areas.
3.5 MARTHANDAM BEE- KEEPERS CO–OPERATIVE
SOCIETY :-
Marthadam Bee- keepers Co – operative Society was
registered on 19-03-1937, under Travancore Co – Operative Society Act
(Act – V-2-1112) and started to work on 14-04-1937. The area of
operation of the society was confined to Kalkulam and Vilavancode
Taluks of Kanyakumari District, excluding Thriuvattar and Killiyoor
panchayats of Union areas. The main objective of the society was the
improvement of the bee- keeping industry and the economic conditions of
the bee- keepers.
The society was started in 1937 with 23 bee- keepers and has
now increased to 1347 with paid up share capital of Rs. 1, 84, 565. The
Board of Directors has administered the society since May 2001. After
24.05.2001, the committee is superseded and the superintendent of Khadi
68
Board is working as special officer. There are 12 staff members in the
society, including the special officer.
The Society has 26.5 acres of land with its own building and a
storing shed. The members of the society donated the storing shed during
1983. The Tamil Khadi and Village Industries Board has provided an
amount of Rs. 1584650 to the society as working fund loan at 4 % interest.
Now there is no sufficient go down facility.
The Honey purchased by the Society is processed
Agmarked,(‟A‟ Grade) and supplied all over India in bottles and tins in
retail and bulk. The production of Honey is seasonal according to climatic
condition. i.e. February to April every year. The Society gives
employment opportunities to more than 10,000 individuals and their
families are benefited. The Society stands first in production and sales.In
the State Khadi Crafts, Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation, Tamil
Nadu medicinal Plant, Sarcomata Sanghams and Private concerns are our
regular customers.
There was a net profit Rs. 323,082/- for the year 1999. In 1996
– 1997 the profit was divided by the General Body as per Co- operative
Societies Act and rules, Bonus and Dividend were distributed accordingly
to the members of the Society. The Society earned a net profit of Rs.
527818 during 1998 – 1999. The Society was administrated by the Board
of Directors from 09/1996 to 05/2001. Now the committee is superceded
and Superintendent of Khadi Board is working as special Officer since
25.05.2001. There are 12 staff members in the Society including the
Special Officer.
69
The Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board had
provided an amount of Rs. 15, 84, 650/- to the Society as working fund
loan at 4 % interest. Now, there is no sufficient go down facilities to store
the honey. Therefore the society is forced to take rented go downs for this
purpose, during the honey procurement season every year. Necessary
proposals for Rs.40 lakhs have been submitted to Khadi commission for
the construction of new go downs and working sheds in the society to
store the honey. Therefore every year the society is forced to take rented
go down for this purpose, during the honey procurement season..
In South India, bee- keeping on modern lines was initiated by
Rev. Father Newton in the year 1890 .Systematical attempts have been
made by the central Government from the year 1920 to develop it along
scientific lines. It came into being as a cottage industry in 1924 with the
establishment of the Young Men Christiasn Association (Y.M.C.A) Rural
Centre by Dr. Hatch at Marthandam. Dr. Hatch exerted great interest in
the growth of the bee- keeping Industry in Kanyakumari District, under
the auspices of the Y.M.C.A. Ha made Newton‟s Hivequit become
popular among the people in the village around Marthandam. K.T. Paul,
J.J Jesudhas, J.Rajiah and Manuel were also responsible for the spread of
the industry in the far-flung areas of Kanyakumari District.
The honey purchased by the Marthandam Bee- keepers Society
is processed, Agmarked (A- grade) and supplied all over India, in bottles
and tins in retail and bulk. The production of honey is seasonal according
to conditions, that is February to April every year. The society is giving
employment opportunities to more than 10,000 individuals and their
families are benefited. Bonus and dividend were distributed to the
members, from profit earned by the society. The society stands first in
70
Production and sales in the Sate, Tamil Nadu Civil supplies Corporation.
Tamil Nadu Medical Plant, Sarvocrya Songharms and Private concerns
are the regular customers of this society.11
OBJECTIVES OF THE SOCIETY
Some of the objectives of Marthandam Bee- keepers Co-
operative Society are.
To improve the industry and the economic conditions of Bee-
keepers residing in the area of operation. To attain these objectives the
society puts forward the following schemes.
1. To raise the funds required for its business.
2. To purchase raw- materials and appliances required for the industry
and sell the same either for cash or credit to its members.
3. To get raw- materials converted into finished products by issuing
them to the members and paying them wages for such conversion.
4. To give loans to members for useful purpose.
5. To establish workshops where members can carry on their business
jointly, or where the members and artisans can be employed by the
society labourers to manufacture articles on its account.
6. To obtain contract from Government, Public bodies, or others for
supply of Bee- products and appliances and get them executed
through or with the help of members.
11
Punitha. K. “Marketing of Honey inn Kanyakumary District ”, M Phill Dissertaries MS
University 2001 – 2002,
71
7. To impart or arrange to impart business and technical training.
8. To act as the agent for the joint purchase of domestic and other
requirements of its members and for the joint sale of their
finished products.
9. To purchase improved appliances connected with the industry and
hold them as common or let them on hire to members.
10. To construct or hire go downs or other buildings necessary for the
conduct of its business.
11. To open sales depots in the places selected by Board of Directors,
subject to the previous a approval of the Registrar of Industrial Co
– operatives.
12. To do such other acts, as may be conducive to the attainment of
the general objectives of the society.
3.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF YOUNG MEN CHRISTIAN
ASSOCIATION (YMCA) IN APIARY DEVELOPMENT:-
In 1844, Gorge Williams of London along with twelve like -
minded Youngmen prayerfully founded the Y.M.C.A with the objective
of providing the youth, opportunities of self development without
distinction of caste, colour and creed.
In the history of Bee- keeping the Services rendered by the
Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) are monumental. The one
which needs special mention is the Y.M.C.A of Marthandam in the
Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu. Young Men Christian Association
of Tamil Nadu Rural demonstration center was incepted in the year 1924
by Dr. D.H. Hatch at Marthandam. Bee- keeping is one of the Village
72
industries taken up and propagated by the Young Men Christian
Association (Y.M.C.A) as early as 1924. The Y.M.C.A made model hives
and demonstrated the domestication of wild honey bees. Model hives are
also sold to the parties interested in bee- keeping.
The staff of Y.M.C.A Rural Demonstration centre toured
extensively in the interior part of the District in Tamil Nadu and delivered,
collaborate and inspiration lecturers on the importance, uses and benefits
of bee- keeping.
Bee- keeping was introduced at the School level to the students
divisions, taking this as one of their subjects.
During Summer, every year, the Young Men Christian
Association (Y.M.C.A) conducts a two months course on bee- keeping.
This creates confidence among the people to take this as their occupation
. Natural Honey week is celebrated every year.
Marthandam Young Men Christian Association Rural
Demonstration Centre, after repeated experiments, found out standard
bees hives, suitable to the Indian honey. These types of hives had a
growing popularity among the bee- keepers, due to their benefits over the
traditional types of hives. 12
12
A.S.Kahlon , M.R.George, AgricultureMarketing and Price Policies, P-27
73
TABLE NO. 3.2
YOUNG MEN CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (YMCA)
YEAR WISE PARTICULARS FROM 1996 – 2006
Year
Purchase
Rate
Quantity
Of Honey
Purchased
Value
Rs.
Selling
Rate
Qty.
of
Honey
Sale
Value
Rs.
1996 45 15000 675000 60 14700 882000
1997 45 17000 765000 60 21000 1260000
1998 45 22000 990000 60 21000 1260000
1999 45 19000 855000 60 18800 1128000
2000 45 19500 877500 60 19000 1140000
2001 57 20000 940000 65 20800 1447000
2002 47 22000 1034000 65 21500 1397500
2003 57 24000 1128000 65 23000 1495000
2004 48 23000 1104000 65 24500 159250
2005 48 20000 960000 65 22000 1430000
2006 48 18000 86400 65 19000 1235000
Source: Purchase and sales Book
3.7 TNKVIB HONEY PROCESSING AND PACKING
CENTRE:
The details of honey purchased, sales, number of employees,
wages and profit by Tamil Nadu Khadi village Industries Board
(TNKVIB), Honey Processing and Packing centre Marthendam during
the period 1996 to 2006 are stated below in the table No. 3.3
74
TABLE NO. 3.3
PURCHASE, SALES, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, WAGES
AND PROFIT OF HONEY IN TNKVIB DURING THE PERIOD
1996 – 2006
Year Purchase
Qt
Value Rs Sales
Qty
Value Rs No. of
employees
Wages Profit
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-„00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
14420
18920
28919
43520
336559
57069
68240
69000
70000
72000
96000
1152000
1359000
1871360
1517991
2692243
2284432
2290530
2310420
2410620
28000
32000
36692
34000
20728
54808
62804
63804
65804
66430
2942000
2810000
3081000
2767817
2411595
5004414
5204816
5304816
5306848
6606542
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
32000
48000
61433
57474
31150
690050
720060
76000
78000
79009
68180
80420
874198
901378
435500
850003
926448
936243
946243
956244
SOURCE : Purchase and Sales Book
It is noted from the Table No. 3.3, that the purchase and profit
of honey is increasing every year.
3.7.1 HONEY PACKING – COST STATEMENT
Honey is marketed in various quantities in glass bottle ranging
from 1 kg. to 100 grams.
3.7.2 COST OF PRODUCTION FOR KG. OF AGMARK HONEY
1. Cost of Raw Honey - 47.00
2. Cooli for curing - 0.55
75
3. Fuel for curing - 0.60
4. Accountable waste (moisture) - 0.95
5. Rent - 0.30
6. Pay and allowance - 0.60
7. Depreciation - 0.30
8. Go down and Transport Insurance - 2.00
9. Unavoidable expenses - 1.25
10. interest Rate - 0.55
Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Loose Honey - 54.10
Cost of Agmark Label and Grading - 0.27
Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Loose honey - 54.37
3.7.3 COST OF 1 KG. BOTTLE PACKED HONEY
Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Honey - 54.37
Cost of 1 g. empty bottle - 6.50
Breakage of bottle @ 3 %13
- 0.25
Cost of P.P. Caps - 0.80
Wages (Clearing, Filing, Corking - 1.25
And labelling & Packing)
Cost of packing material - 1.00
13
3% of expence is allotted for breakage of bottiles during transportation or washing.
76
Transport changes - 1.50
Other expenses - 1.50
67.12
Selling price for 1 kg. bottle honey - 110.00
Less: Trade Commission 10 % - 11.00
99.00
Less: Cost of Production - 67.12
Net profit - 31.88
3.7.4 COST OF 500 GRAM BOTTLED HONEY:
Cost of 500 grams cured Honey - 24.50
Cost of 500 grams empty bottle - 4.00
Breakage of bottle 3 % - 0.25
Cost of 53 N.M., P.P. Caps - 0.80
Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking) - 1.05
Labeling and packing)
Cost of packing materials - 0.75
Transport changes - 1.25
Sales Commission 10 % - 2.50
Other unexpected expense - 1.30
77
37.00
Sales Rate 58.00
Less: Production cost -37.00
Net profit 21.00
3.7.5 COST OF 200 GRAMS BOTTLED HONEY:
Cost of 200 grams cured honey - 9.80
Cost of 200 grams empty bottle - 1.65
Breakage of bottle 3 % - 0.10
Cost of 46 N.M., P.P. Caps - 0.89
Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking - 0.95
Labelling and packing)
Cost of packing materials - 0.30
Transport changes - 1.25
Sales Commission 10 % - 1.25
Other unexpected expense - 1.40
18.00
Sales Rate - 28.00
Less : Production cost - 18.00
Net Profit - 10.00
TNK VIB Honey Processing packing Centres and Co – operative Societies Purchasing
various kinds of bottle from Kolkatta and caps were purchased from Pallanvilai
(Marthandam).
78
COST OF 100 GRAMS BOTTLED HONEY:
Cost of 100 grams cured Honey - 4.90
Cost of 100 grams empty bottle - 1.10
Breakage of bottle 3 % - 0.10
Cost of 38 M.M., P.P. Caps - 0. 89
Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking, - 0.85
Labeling and packing)
Cost of packing material - 0.15
Sales Commission 10 % - 0.75
Other unexpected expenses - 1.75
11.00
Sales Rate - 16.00
Less; Production cost - 11.00
Net Profit - 5.00
79
3.7.9 COST OF 25 KG. CAPACITY OF TIN PACKING :
Cost of 25 Kg. cured Honey - 1225.00
Cost of one tin - 50.00
Cost of bee wax - 9.00
Wages for packing in one tin (washing - 9.75
Filling, soldering and packing etc.)
Packing materials - 4.00
Transport changes - 35.00
Sales Commission 10 % - 67.00
Others (Leakage & other expenses) - 13.00
1413.00
Selling Rate (90 x25) - 2550.00
Less: Production cost - 1413.00
Net Profit for one tin - 837.00
Net Profit for 1 Kg. Honey - 33.48
PRICE OF HONEY
The details regarding the price of honey from 1996 to 2006 are
as follows:
80
TABLE NO. 3.4
PRICE OF HONEY IN THE BEE- KEEPERS CO –
OPERATIVE SOCIETY IN MARTHANDAM DURING THE
PERIOD 1996- 2006
Year
Purchase Rate Selling Price
Bottled Honey
From
Bee
Keepers
(Rs)
Loose
Honey(Rs)
1 Kg
(Rs)
1/2Kg.
(Rs)
200Gm
(Rs)
100Gm.
(Rs)
1996 42 60 84 42 21 10
1997 43 60 84 42 21 10
1998 43 61 85 43 22 11
1999 44 61 85 46 23 13
2000 44 61 85 46 23 13
2001 47 65 90 48 23 13
2002 47 65 90 48 23 13
2003 52 79 102 54 25 14
2004 54 80 104 52 26 15
2005 55 80 104 52 26 16
2006 58 81 110 55 28 16
Source: Final report of KVIB Nagarcoil
It is clear from the table that the price of honey is increasing
year by year.
81
STANDARDIZATION AND GRADING OF THE HIVE PRODUCTS :
The Indian Standard Institution (I.S.I) has approved two kinds
of standards for hive product in India. They are, ISI „A‟ type and ISI „B‟
Type hives products. Standardization of hive products ensures increasing
confidence in the minds of the people, who at large, constitute the major
consumers of honey. Assured quality of the product by the Government,
better value for money spent, and convenient methods of settling disputes
with the supplier, and the sale of honey at minimum of risk are the salient
merits. Since bee- keeping is considered as an agro – based village
industry, the grading of honey is known as “Agmark”.
GRADING OF HONEY UNDER AGMARK:
Grading of honey under Agmark is done as per honey grading
rule 1970 (amended up to 1981) by the Agriculture Marketing advisor,
Government of India. A sample of Honey from the bulk lot is taken for
analysis by the approved chemist and accordingly the grade designation
depends upon water percentage. That is the significance of Young Men
Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) in Apiary Development.
„Special‟ Grade> 20% Moisture,
„A‟ Grade > 22% Moisture,
„Standard Grade > 25 % Moisture.
82
AGMARK GRADE SPECIFICATIONS OF HONEY
TABLE NO. 3.5
AGMARK GRADE SPECIFICATIONS OF HONEY.
Sl.No
Specifications
Grade
Special A Standard
1 Specific Gravity 1.400 1.400 1.350
2 Sucrose content 5.0% 5.0 % 10.0%
3 Ash 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 Moisture 18-20.0 20.1-22.0 22.1-25.0
5 Total reducing Sugar (T.R.S) 65.0 650. 65.0
6 Fructose/Glucose Ratio 1.0 0.95 0.95
7 Acidity (Acid Value) 0.2 0.2 0.2
8 Aniline Chloride Test Negative Negative Negative
9 Fiche`s Test Negative Negative Negative
Source: State Agmark Grading Laboratory in Marthandam.
83
TABLE NO. 3.6
QUANTITY OF HONEY LABELLING AND SAMPLES
TAKEN IN AGMARK GRADING LABORATORY IN
MARTHANDAM
Year
From Honey
Centre
Quantity of Honey
Labeling (K.g)
Samples taken in Agmark
Lots
1996-1997
1997-1998
1998-1999
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
30
32
34
37
44
28
33
35
37
40
4,00,000
4,00,000
4,00,000
4,00,000
4,00,000
4,22,500
4,55,000
4,60,000
4,75,500
4,90,000
526
536
537
707
596
736
736
772
784
792
SOURCE : State Agmark Grading Laboratory in Marthandam
It is noted from this table that the Quantity of Honey sold
through AGMARK grading has increased by 40, 29, 800 Kgs. over a
period of ten years from 1996 – 1997 to 2005 – 2006.