Chapter 3Chapter 3

Section 1 An Empire Section 1 An Empire & its Colonies& its Colonies

►England prizes its colonies England prizes its colonies because…because…Supplied food & raw Supplied food & raw materialmaterial

Bought large amounts of Bought large amounts of English goodsEnglish goods

The English Civil WarThe English Civil War

►2 opponents2 opponentsKing Charles I & ParliamentKing Charles I & Parliament►Charles demanded money Charles demanded money from towns & cities without from towns & cities without Parliament’s consentParliament’s consent

►Parliament thought Charles was Parliament thought Charles was attempting to limit the powers of attempting to limit the powers of Parliament & the rights of English Parliament & the rights of English property ownersproperty owners

►Parliament army defeated the King’s Parliament army defeated the King’s & ordered Charles’ execution in & ordered Charles’ execution in January 1649January 1649

►Oliver Cromwell became head of the Oliver Cromwell became head of the government until his death in 1658government until his death in 1658

►In 1660, Parliament In 1660, Parliament restored the monarchy by restored the monarchy by placing Charles II on the placing Charles II on the thronethrone

MercantilismMercantilism

►The theory of The theory of mercantilismmercantilismThe more gold & silver a The more gold & silver a country has, the wealthier & country has, the wealthier & more powerful it would bemore powerful it would be

Only way was through tradeOnly way was through trade►Balance of tradeBalance of trade

►Nations should have colonies Nations should have colonies where it could harvest raw where it could harvest raw materials & sell productsmaterials & sell products

►The right to make goods for sale The right to make goods for sale should be reserved for the parent should be reserved for the parent countrycountryColonies would not be allowed Colonies would not be allowed to trade with other nations or to trade with other nations or manufacture goods for themmanufacture goods for them

Effects of Trade lawsEffects of Trade laws►England thought it was necessary to England thought it was necessary to

have as many colonies as possiblehave as many colonies as possible►1660- Navigation Act was revised1660- Navigation Act was revised►Tightened England’s control over Tightened England’s control over

tradetrade►Required the colonies to sell certain Required the colonies to sell certain

goods only to Englandgoods only to EnglandSugar, tobacco, & cottonSugar, tobacco, & cotton

►If they wanted to sell to other If they wanted to sell to other countries, they paid a countries, they paid a dutyduty to to England firstEngland first

►Had to use English ships for all Had to use English ships for all tradetrade

►Discouraged trade with other Discouraged trade with other nationsnations

Effects on War & PoliticsEffects on War & Politics

►More fighting over territory & tradeMore fighting over territory & trade►Tightening control of coloniesTightening control of colonies

King James II created the King James II created the Dominion of New EnglandDominion of New England►Abolished legislature within the Abolished legislature within the Dominion & replace them with a Dominion & replace them with a governor & a council appointed governor & a council appointed by himby him

Anger in the ColoniesAnger in the Colonies

►Edmund Andros- governor of the Edmund Andros- governor of the DominionDominionCollected taxes without approval Collected taxes without approval of King or colonistsof King or colonists

Religious toleranceReligious tolerance►Parliament replaced King James II Parliament replaced King James II

with his daughter Mary & husband with his daughter Mary & husband William because of religious William because of religious differences (Glorious Revolution)differences (Glorious Revolution)

►Colonists held a mini rebellion Colonists held a mini rebellion imprisoning Androsimprisoning AndrosWilliam & Mary dissolved the William & Mary dissolved the DominionDominion

Massachusetts new charter Massachusetts new charter allowed the king to appoint a allowed the king to appoint a royal governorroyal governor

Britain’s Colonial Policy in the Britain’s Colonial Policy in the Early 1700’sEarly 1700’s

►Origins of self governmentOrigins of self governmentThree types of colonies (all over Three types of colonies (all over time become a royal colony with time become a royal colony with a royal governor)a royal governor)►RoyalRoyal►ProprietaryProprietary►CharterCharter

►In most colonies a governor acted as In most colonies a governor acted as the chief executivethe chief executiveColonial legislature served under the Colonial legislature served under the governorgovernor

Most consisted of an advisory council Most consisted of an advisory council ►Upper house appointed by kingUpper house appointed by king►Lower house elected by the people Lower house elected by the people (White, male, land owners)(White, male, land owners)

►Legislature created & Legislature created & passed laws, set salaries for passed laws, set salaries for royal officials, & influenced royal officials, & influenced appointments of judgesappointments of judges

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect

►Question to think aboutQuestion to think about: : Why did the British Why did the British government allow the colonists government allow the colonists freedom to make their own freedom to make their own decisions?decisions?

►England had the tradition of strong England had the tradition of strong local government & weak central local government & weak central power power

►British government lacked the British government lacked the resources & the bureaucracy to resources & the bureaucracy to enforce its wishesenforce its wishes

►Existing economy & politics of the Existing economy & politics of the colonists already served British colonists already served British interestsinterests

Diverse Colonial EconomiesDiverse Colonial Economies

►The southern coloniesThe southern coloniesStaple cropsStaple cropsVA & NC- tobaccoVA & NC- tobaccoSC & GA- rice SC & GA- rice ►16.9 million pounds in 1730’s16.9 million pounds in 1730’s►83.8 million pounds in 1770’s83.8 million pounds in 1770’s

Slave laborSlave labor

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

►Mixture of farming & Mixture of farming & commercecommerceWheat, barley, & ryeWheat, barley, & rye

►Philadelphia is the first port of Philadelphia is the first port of entry for Germans & Scotch- entry for Germans & Scotch- Irish coming as indentured Irish coming as indentured servantsservants

►Pennsylvania & New York –Pennsylvania & New York –diversediverseEnglish, Dutch, French, Scots, English, Dutch, French, Scots, Irish, Scotch- Irish, Germans, Irish, Scotch- Irish, Germans, Swedes, Portuguese, Jews, Swedes, Portuguese, Jews, Welsh, Africans, & Native Welsh, Africans, & Native AmericanAmerican

The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies

►Small farms & towns Small farms & towns dependent on long distance dependent on long distance tradetrade

►China, books, & cloth from China, books, & cloth from England to the West IndiesEngland to the West IndiesTransport sugar from West Transport sugar from West Indies back to New EnglandIndies back to New England

►Traded the rum Traded the rum & firearms for & firearms for slaves in West slaves in West AfricaAfrica

►Carried the Carried the slaves to the slaves to the West Indies for West Indies for more sugarmore sugar

►Triangular Triangular TradeTrade