Chapter 39Chapter 39

Locative CaseLocative Case

PlacePlace• To show motion towards:

ad + accusative• To show motion away from:

ex [e], ab [a], de = ablative• To show place in which

in + ablative

Acc Abl.to

from

onAbl.

Locative CaseLocative Casereplacesreplaces Ablative Place Where Ablative Place Where

Only used for specific names of cities, towns, small islands,

domus (home), rus (countryside), humus (ground)

Formation of LocativeFormation of Locative

• 1st/2nd declension singular, locative is the same form as genitive• Example: Roma, Romae (f) Rome, locative is Romae = in Rome.• 3rd declension, locative is the same form as ablative• [There are no place names in 4th & 5th declension, so no Locative]

• Example: Gades, Gadium (f.pl), locative is Gadibus = in Gades • Plural Names of ANY declension are the same form as ablative• Example: Athenae, Athenarum (f.pl), locative is Athenis • Locative is used instead of ablative, place IN which and does not

require a preposition. • Remember it is only for names of specific cities, towns, small

islands, domus, rus, humus.• Exceptions: Carthagini

Acc. Place to which & Abl. Place from Acc. Place to which & Abl. Place from which withwhich with

Cities, Towns, Small IslandsCities, Towns, Small Islands• If showing motion TOWARD one of the places that can

use locative for place in which, that place would still be in ACCUSATIVE case, but no preposition is used

• Example: – I want to go to Rome. – Ego volo ire Romam.

• If showing motion AWAY from one of the places that can use locative for place in which, that place would still be in ABLATIVE case, but no preposition is used.

• Example: – I want to leave Rome.– Ego volo discedere Romā.

Additions to LocativeAdditions to Locative

• Three common nouns that can also be expressed in locative case are

• Domus-home • Rus-country (side)• Humus-earth, ground• Locative for domus= domi• Locative for rus=ruri• Locative for humus = humi

Accusative vs. Ablative TimeAccusative vs. Ablative Time

• Accusative is used when one wants to express HOW LONG the action took place.Example: I slept for twelve hours.

Ego dormivi duodecim horas. • Ablative is used when one wants to express WHEN the action took

place.Example: I left at the third hour.

Tertiā horā exivi.• Ablative is also used when one wants to express a time frame

WITHIN which an action took place.Example: Within three years, you all will be in college.

Tribus annis, omnes in collegio eritis.

• Note that neither construction has a Latin preposition to introduce it.

Ablative Time WhenAblative Time When[the details][the details]

• Specific time --- WHEN did an action occur

• No preposition in Latin

• Usually translates “at”

• Often appears with an ordinal number

Quintā horā lepus advenit.

Ablative Time Within WhichAblative Time Within Which[the details][the details]

• Span of time --- WITHIN what time span did an action occur

• No preposition in Latin• Usually translates “in” or “within” • Often appears with a cardinal number

Tribus diebus negotium conficietis.

March 20 - 26

Accusative Duration of TimeAccusative Duration of Time[the details][the details]

• Length of time --- HOW LONG did an action last

• No preposition in Latin

• Usually translates “for”

• Often appears with a cardinal number

Duas horas animal parvum nuces exspectavit.

ABHINC = AGOABHINC = AGO

• An adverb, but pretend it is a preposition

• Followed by the accusative case

• Often used with cardinal numbers

Abhinc multos annos dinosauri terram rexerunt!

ANTE: ANTE: its three facesits three faces

• 1. adverb – introduces a clause = beforeAnte cenamus, ad urbem ibimus.

• 2. preposition + accusative– “Before” in the sense of spatial location

–Ante Marcum ambulo.• 3. preposition + ablative

– “previously”, “before” in the sense of time– Often contains a cardinal number

–Tribus ante diebus in ludo non eratis.

What to do about What to do about postpost

• 1. adverb – introduces a clause = after

Post cenamus, ad urbem ibimus.• 2. preposition + accusative

– “After” in the sense of spatial location, i.e. “behind”

– Post Marcum ambulo.• 3. preposition + ablative

– “later”, “after” in the sense of time– Often contains a cardinal number

– Tribus post annis discipulae non eratis.