Chapter 4:Classical Conditioning:Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Basic Terms Two Extensions Three Limitations Additional Phenomena

acquisition curve

Basic Phenomena

Acquisition Formation of a learned response to a

conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

Extinction Elimination or weakening of a learned,

conditioned response by removal of the unconditioned stimulus when the conditioned stimulus is present

Spontaneous Recovery Re-emergence of an extinguished

conditioned response after a rest period

Figure 4.2 (p. 131)Hypothetical results illustrating a decline in spontaneous recoveryacross repeated sessions of extinction.

Basic Phenomena

disinhibition the sudden recovery of a

response during an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced.

Basic Phenomena

Generalization & Discrimination

Generalization The tendency to respond to a

stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus

Generalization & Discrimination

Discrimination The ability to distinguish between

different stimuli, tendency for a response to be elicited by one stimulus and not another (sometimes similar) stimulus

Albert conditioned to fear a white laboratory rat Each time he reached for the

rat, Watson made a loud clanging noise right behind Albert

Albert’s fear generalized to anything white and furry Including rabbits and Santa

Claus

Watson & Little Albert

Discrimination Training

CS+

CS-

Experimental Neurosis

• an experimentally produced disorder in which animals exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic-like symptoms.

Extensions to Classical Conditioning

Higher-Order Conditioning A stimulus associated with one CS

can also become a CS First-order conditioning Second-order conditioning

Extensions to Classical Conditioning

Sensory Preconditioning A stimulus associated with one CS

can also become a CS First-order conditioning Second-order conditioning

Limitations to Classical Conditioning

compound stimulus

Limitations to Classical Conditioning

Overshadowing

Limitations to Classical Conditioning

Blocking

Limitations to Classical Conditioning

Latent Inhibition

Additional Phenomena

Temporal Conditioning

Additional Phenomena

Occasion Setting

Additional Phenomena

US Revaluation

Additional Phenomena

Pseudocondtioning