Chapter 5- Absolute Monarchs in Europe

Section 1: Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism

Section 2: The Reign of King Louis XIVSection 3: Central European Monarchs

Clash Section 4: Absolute Rulers of Russia

Section 5: Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Charles V’s Kingdom

What justifies absolute power?

• Discuss reasons on page 160 and 161• When is it acceptable to take away limits on

power?• Have our Presidents ever stretched the limits

of their power?• What crosses the line between being a strong

ruler and a despot/dictator?• Read Bodin’s quote- pg. 161

Spain as a world power

• Charles V controls a huge Empire! (map)• Phillip II inherits Spain• Source of riches• Catholicism vs. __________ & __________• Defeat of the Armada – English navy• Late 1500s Spain economy/ empire lose

power- Reasons? (pg. 158)

Power in Dutch hands

• Netherlands split from Spain- along what lines? (map)

• What advantages do they have over other nations?( pg. 160)

• How were the Netherlands in 1600 like Italy in 1400s?

Dutch Republic

France’s gains control in Europe

• Protestants (Huguenots) and Catholics struggle for control in France

• King Henry IV converts for peace- limits restriction on religion

• Why was a Cardinal able to “rule” despite there being a king?

• Who was seen as a threat to the monarchy? - Nobles -Spain - Protestants

All that power…

• King Louis XIV is unquestioned leader- “L’etat c’est moi”

• What does King Louis do to keep nobles subservient to him? (164-165)

• Why did the nobles’ revolt fail?• New sources of wealth- how can we show our

power? - King’s lifestyle - expand - wage war

More money, more problems

• Failed wars, extravagance leave France financially unstable

• France makes a lot of enemies- Europe unites against them (War of Spanish succession)

• What were the pros and cons of Louis XIV rule?

• Create a brochure for the Palace of Versailles- work alone or in pairs.

Central Europe• See Map on pg A21 of the Atlas and pg 170.

Identify the countries in Central Europe that are on both maps.

• Hapsburgs- royal family that controls several different areas in Europe

• Reign in Austria, Spain, Naples, some German states- Goal= Establish centralized, Catholic rule in Central Europe. Holy Roman Empire is the closest thing to getting that done.

Thirty Years’ War• Conflict erupts over, you guessed it, religion

and territory.• Peace of Augsburg (Ch. 1)- German princes

can pick own religion• Catholics (including Hapsburg Ferdinand II) vs.

Lutheran princes fight for power and territory• What are the two phases of the war? (169)• With help from France (Why did they help

non-Catholics?) Catholic Hapsburgs defeated.

• Treaty to end the 30 years’ war: Peace of Westphalia

• Which empires were weakened? Which were strengthened?

• Biggest outcome- central Europe will be made of smaller states, not a large empire.

• Most empires are weak- use feudal system and can’t compete with Western Europe in world trade. Two emerge…

• What were the leaders of Prussia and Austria like? What was their rivalry based on?

• Seven Years War involves large empires and small states aligned along common lines.

• Austria allies with France and Russia• Prussia allies with England.• New type of war: fought on three continents • British victory sets the table for expansion in

the 1800s.

Absolutism in Russia- Section4

• Russia’s size and location affect its identity

Strong Rulers Unite Expansive State

• How did Ivan III and Vasily help make Russia stable and increase its power?

• Absolute ruler Ivan IV (the Terrible) calls himself “czar”. Who are his only rivals to power- how did he treat them?

• How are Ivan’s “good” and “bad” periods characterized?

• How was a new ruler chosen when no capable heir was present? (Romanovs)

West side is the best side?• Was Russia’s economy more like Central or

Western Europe’s (Serfs or no serfs?) • Three reasons why Russia was so different

from the rest of Europe- (175)• What did Peter (Romanov absolute ruler1696-

1725) like about the West? How did he learn more about Western practices?

• Peter’s view on absolute power: 176• What reforms did he introduce? 176-77

Russia Westernizes

• Peter’s rivals lose power- Easrtern Orthodox Church, the boyars- how does he accomplish this?

• Why were China and Japan not rivals for Russian lands in the east at this time?

• What agricultural products did Russia depend on?

• How was education emphasized?

Bout in England Monarchs vs. Parliament

• As you read this section: Make notes of Monarchs’ victories over Parliament and vice versa:

• Round 1- James I: Access to country’s treasury vs. passing Puritan Reforms

• Round 2- Charles I Access to country’s treasury vs. Signing of the Petition of Right

- Charles goes back on word: backlash

English Civil War and consequences

• Royalist Cavaliers vs. Puritan supporters of Parliament= monarchy at stake

• Monarch ousted- General Oliver Cromwell in charge

- limits on individual rights still endure - no tolerance for Catholics• Round 3 – Oliver Cromwell: A Parliament vs. a

commonwealth

Back to Monarchical Model

• After Cromwell, monarchy is restored- Charles II

• Round 4- Charles II; monarch’s absolute power vs. rights of the accused (Habeas Corpus Act)

• Charles II dies with no heir- James II new king. Wait… a Catholic king?

• With the help of Parliament, Mary takes throne from her dad.

New type of Monarchy in England

• Round 5: Mary ( and William)- Absolute monarchy vs. constitutional monarchy.

• William and Mary consent to Bill of Rights- limits royal power, written guarantees of protection.

• How to prevent future monarchy vs. parliament conflicts- Cabinet System!

Written response section

• These two topics will be part of the test on Chapt 5 written response section. Plan ahead and be prepared.

• The motives for Westernization and the methods used to Westernize Peter’s Russia

• Describe the successes Parliament had in limiting abuses of royal power between the reigns of James I and William and Mary.