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Chapter 5
Tissues
Epithelial• Covers the body surface and organs, lines the
inner cavities, glands• External- protects from drying out, injury, and
bacteria• Internal-protection, secretions, specialization
(mucus, cilia, microvilli)• Cells packed tightly together, little matrix• Lack blood vessels• Anchored to underlying tissue at basement
membrane• Squamous, cuboidal, columnar• Simple (single layer) Stratified (several layers)
Simple Squamous• Flattened cells• Single layer• Found in the body
where the layer of cells must be thin to permit efficient diffusion and filtration
• Thin, delicate, easily damaged
• EX: blood vessels (capillaries) alveoli (lungs) body cavities
Simple Squamous Epithelial
Simple Cuboidal
• Single layer, cubed shaped cells
• kidneys, liver, ovaries, glands (salivary, thyroid), pancreas
Simple Cubodial Epithelial
Simple Columnar• Elongated, single layer• Frequently secrete a
product, also absorption
• May be ciliated (fallopian tubes) or non-ciliated
• May have microvilli for absorption (intestines)
• Wall of the uterus, stomach, small intestines
Simple Columnar Epithelial
Stratified Squamous• Must resist
constant wear and tear
• Thick with layers• Outer layer of skin is
strengthened and toughened with keratin (protein)
• Mouth, anus, esophagus, vagina- no keratin here
Pseudostratified Epithelium
• “appears” to be layered but is not
• Cilliated cells line respiratory tract, nasal, trachea, bronchi
• Contain goblet cells which secrete mucus and the ciliated cells move debris along the surface
Pseudostratified Tissue
Transitional Epithelium
• Ability to expand and regain its shape
• Urinary bladder, uterus, etc.
Glandular Epithelium• Manufacture and secrete a
substance• “Gland”• Singular- mucus goblet cell or
Group cells• Exocrine- secrete into ducts that
open onto surfaces like the skin or digestive tract (Salivary, sweat)
• Endocrine- secrete directly into the bloodstream (Thyroid, pituitary)
Glands
Body Membranes
• Lines the internal sides of cavities and surrounds organs; line the tubes that open to the outside
• Contain other structures passing through it…blood vessels, nerves, etc.
• Divide areas of the body into compartments
• Anchor organs to other structures
Mucus Membranes
• Line the interior wall of organ and tubes that open to the outside
• Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive• Epithelium overlying connective tissue• ET contains goblet cells that secrete mucus• Mucus protects from bacteria and viruses• Mucus in stomach protects from digestive
enzymes
Serous Membranes• Line the thoracic and abdominal cavities and their
organs• Simple squamous overlying connective tissue• Secrete a clear watery fluid that provides lubrication• Pleural membranes in thoracic cavity…pleurisy
(infection of the pleural and parietal membranes around the lungs)
• Pericardium (surrounds the heart)• Peritoneum –abdominal cavity….Peritonitis- infection of
the peritoneum (appendix bursts)• Mesentery- peritoneum doubles back to form support
for internal organs (intestines)• Parietal (body wall) … Visceral (organ lining)
Synovial Membranes• Line the cavities of freely movable joints (knee,
elbow, shoulder)does not contain epithelial tissue…connective tissue (cartilage)
• Secrete a clear watery liquid (synovial fluid) that lubricates the ends of the opposing bones….nourishes the cartilage at the ends of the bones
• Rheumatoid arthritis- membrane becomes inflamed and grows thicker…fibrous tissue invades the joint and makes the joint bony and stiff
Meninges• Membranes that surround the brain and
spinal cord
• All connective tissue
• Meningitis – infection of the meninges
Cutaneous Membrane
• Skin
• Thin outer layer of stratified squamous attached to a thicker layer of connective tissue