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Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 6: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
ESSAY #3
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER OUTLINE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this chapter, you will learn to: compare or contrast two entities, demonstrate knowledge of the subject-
by-subject and point-by-point patterns of exposition, and
write a process paragraph that incorporates appropriate transitions for a specific pattern.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS COMPARISON? WHAT IS CONTRAST?
To compare means to point out similarities.
To contrast means to point out differences.
In your papers, explain to your readers your position because they will be seeking that information.
When you compare or contrast, you need to come to some conclusion.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS COMPARISON? WHAT IS CONTRAST?
Hints for writing a comparison or contrast paragraph1. Limit your topic.
Often people think the easiest topics to write about are the broad ones with many similarities and differences.
If you make your topic too large, you won’t be able to cover it well and your paper will be full of many large statements. A good writer backs up every statement. The more statements! The more work!
HINTS CONTINUED…
2. Avoid the obvious topic. With the obvious topic, you have
nothing new to say. You paragraph may be dull and boring.
HINTS CONTINUED…
3. Make your point in the topic sentence of your comparison or contrast paragraph.
You should indicate to your reader if your paragraph is comparing or contrasting.
EX: Dogs are wonderful pets, and they are better than cats.
HINTS CONTINUED…
4. Do not announce in the topic sentence. EX. This paper is about… I am going to talk about… Let me tell you about how this is
different from that…
HINTS CONTINUED…
5. Make sure your topic sentence has a focus. It should indicate similarities and
differences. EX. FOCUSED My new home is bigger, brighter, and
more comfortable than my old one. EX. UNFOCUSED My old house and my new house are
different.
HINTS CONTINUED…
6. In the topic sentence, cover both subjects to be compared or contrasted. Covers only one subject: The beach of
Santa Lucia was dirty and crowded. Covers both subjects: The beach of
Santa Lucia was dirty and crowded, but the beach at Fisher Bay was clean and private.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS COMPARISON? WHAT IS CONTRAST?
Organizing Your Comparison or Contrast Paragraph Subject-by-Subject Organization
Support and explain your topic sentence by first writing all your details on one subject and then writing all your details on the other subject.
Be sure to discuss the points for your second subject in the same order as you did for the first subject.
Point-by-Point Organization Support and explain your topic sentence by
discussing each point of comparison or contrast, switching back and forth between your subjects.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS COMPARISON? WHAT IS CONTRAST?
Using Transitions Effectively How and when you use transitions in a
comparison or contrast paragraph depend on the answers to two questions:1. Are you writing a comparison or contrast
paragraph?2. Are you organizing your paragraph in the
point-by-point or subject-by-subject pattern?
INFO BOX: Transitions for a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WRITING THE COMPARISON OR CONTRAST PARAGRAPH IN STEPS
Prewriting Comparison or Contrast—how to generate and develop ideas for your comparison or contrast paragraph (Look at pages 91-92)
Planning Comparison or Contrast—how to organize your ideas for your comparison or contrast paragraph(96-97)
Drafting and Revising Comparison or Contrast—how to create, revise, and edit rough drafts of your comparison or contrast paragraph (99-101)
Proofreading Comparison or Contrast—how to proofread and make one final check of your comparison or contrast paragraph (106-108)
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
PREWRITING A COMPARISON OR CONTRAST
List Differences or Similarities See whether there are more similarities or
differences. Decide which approach to use.
Getting Points of Comparison or Contrast Whether you compare or contrast, you are
looking for points of comparison or contrast, items you can discuss about both subjects.
Adding Details to Your Points Once you have points, add details to them.
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PLANNING COMPARISON OR CONTRAST With a topic sentence, begin to draft an
outline. Decide the pattern you want to use. Checklist for an Outline of a Comparison or
Contrast Paragraph
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DRAFTING AND REVISING COMPARISON OR CONTRAST
Drafting a Paragraph Add details and transitions
The Draft Checklist for Revising the Draft of a
Comparison or Contrast Paragraph
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PROOFREADING COMPARISON OR CONTRAST
Contrast Paragraph: Point-by-Point Pattern Check for errors in spelling, grammar, or
preparation. The Same Contrast Paragraph: Subject-by-
Subject Pattern Check for errors in spelling, punctuation,
typing, and copying.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
PROOFREADING COMPARISON OR CONTRAST
Lines of Detail: A Walk-Through Assignment Topics for Writing a Comparison or a Contrast
Paragraph Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing
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WHAT IS COMPARISON?
A. Explains how to do something.B. Points out differences.C. Shows a reader what a person, place, thing, or
situation is like.D. Points out similarities.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS COMPARISON?
A. Explains how to do something.B. Points out differences.C. Shows a reader what a person, place, thing, or
situation is like.D. Points out similarities.
compare or contrast two entities
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS CONTRAST?
A. Explains how to do something.B. Points out differences.C. Shows a reader what a person, place,
thing, or situation is like.D. Points out similarities.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHAT IS CONTRAST?
A. Explains how to do something.B. Points out differences.C. Shows a reader what a person, place,
thing, or situation is like.D. Points out similarities.
compare or contrast two entities
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
SUBJECT-BY-SUBJECT ORGANIZATION INVOLVES
A. Writing all of the details on one subject and then writing all of the details on the other subject.
B. Discussing each point of comparison or contrast, switching back and forth between subjects.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
SUBJECT-BY-SUBJECT ORGANIZATION INVOLVES
A. Writing all of the details on one subject and then writing all of the details on the other subject.
B. Discussing each point of comparison or contrast, switching back and forth between subjects.
demonstrate knowledge of the subject-by-subject and point-by-point patterns of exposition
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
POINT-BY-POINT ORGANIZATION INVOLVES
A. Writing all of the details on one subject and then writing all of the details on the other subject.
B. Discussing each point of comparison or contrast, switching back and forth between subjects.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
POINT-BY-POINT ORGANIZATION INVOLVES
A. Writing all of the details on one subject and then writing all of the details on the other subject.
B. Discussing each point of comparison or contrast, switching back and forth between subjects.
demonstrate knowledge of the subject-by-subject and point-by-point patterns of exposition
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A COMMON TRANSITION FOR A COMPARISON PARAGRAPH?
A. exceptB. althoughC. furthermoreD. whereas
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A COMMON TRANSITION FOR A COMPARISON PARAGRAPH
A. exceptB. althoughC. furthermoreD. whereas
write a process paragraph that incorporates appropriate transitions for a specific pattern.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A COMMON TRANSITION FOR A CONTRAST PARAGRAPH?
A. despiteB. likewiseC. otherwiseD. nevertheless
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A COMMON TRANSITION FOR A CONTRAST PARAGRAPH?
A. despiteB. likewiseC. otherwiseD. nevertheless
write a process paragraph that incorporates appropriate transitions for a specific pattern.
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