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CHAPTER 7 Crisis and Absolutism in Europe
Chapter 7 Section 1
Europe in Crisis The Wars of
Religion
French Wars of Religion
bullCalvinists vs Christians
bullWhat were they doing Aggressively trying to win converts and eliminate each others authority
bullTwo Groups Huguenots
Who are they French Protestants influenced by John CalvinUsually nobles ndash higher classPowerful threat to the crown
WhyMade up of the powerful and rich who have a huge influence
Problem for the Huguenots Catholics still outnumbered them
Ultra-CatholicsWho are they
Catholic extreme group
Strongly disliked the Huguenots
Absolute Monarch 1 ndash Henry IV aka Henry of Navarre
Reigned from 1594-1610
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Chapter 7 Section 1
Europe in Crisis The Wars of
Religion
French Wars of Religion
bullCalvinists vs Christians
bullWhat were they doing Aggressively trying to win converts and eliminate each others authority
bullTwo Groups Huguenots
Who are they French Protestants influenced by John CalvinUsually nobles ndash higher classPowerful threat to the crown
WhyMade up of the powerful and rich who have a huge influence
Problem for the Huguenots Catholics still outnumbered them
Ultra-CatholicsWho are they
Catholic extreme group
Strongly disliked the Huguenots
Absolute Monarch 1 ndash Henry IV aka Henry of Navarre
Reigned from 1594-1610
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
French Wars of Religion
bullCalvinists vs Christians
bullWhat were they doing Aggressively trying to win converts and eliminate each others authority
bullTwo Groups Huguenots
Who are they French Protestants influenced by John CalvinUsually nobles ndash higher classPowerful threat to the crown
WhyMade up of the powerful and rich who have a huge influence
Problem for the Huguenots Catholics still outnumbered them
Ultra-CatholicsWho are they
Catholic extreme group
Strongly disliked the Huguenots
Absolute Monarch 1 ndash Henry IV aka Henry of Navarre
Reigned from 1594-1610
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullTwo Groups Huguenots
Who are they French Protestants influenced by John CalvinUsually nobles ndash higher classPowerful threat to the crown
WhyMade up of the powerful and rich who have a huge influence
Problem for the Huguenots Catholics still outnumbered them
Ultra-CatholicsWho are they
Catholic extreme group
Strongly disliked the Huguenots
Absolute Monarch 1 ndash Henry IV aka Henry of Navarre
Reigned from 1594-1610
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Ultra-CatholicsWho are they
Catholic extreme group
Strongly disliked the Huguenots
Absolute Monarch 1 ndash Henry IV aka Henry of Navarre
Reigned from 1594-1610
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 1 ndash Henry IV aka Henry of Navarre
Reigned from 1594-1610
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullHuguenots and Catholics were at warHenry IV becomes King and gives up
Protestantism for Catholicism
He declares that Huguenots can live in Paris peacefully and have their own houses of worship This is known as the Edict of Nantes signed in 1598
Catholicism was seen as the French religion and Huguenots still had the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Many loved the idea of peace but some hated Henry for his compromises of religion
He was assassinated in 1610
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Spain Phillip II and Militant Catholicism
bullCharles V was Holy Roman Emperor inherited Spain Spainrsquos American colonies parts of Italy and lands in Austria and the Netherlands
Charles V divided his empire in 1556 and gave his son Philip II Spain the Spanish Netherlands and the American Colonies
Philip II would go on to be the most powerful ruler in Europe
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Charles V
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 2 ndash King Philip II
King from 1556 ndash 1598
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullUshered in an age of Spanish greatness both politically and culturally
In 1580 Philip seized the Portuguese kingdom which had strong holds in Africa India and East Indies
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Who and how did he unite everyone politically and culturallyWhoSpainNetherlandsAmericasPossessions in Italy
HowHad to be Catholic Had to follow the monarchy
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullProblem in the Netherlands
Spain = Catholic Dutch = Calvinists
Philip raised taxes in Spanish Netherlands and tried to destroy the Protestants by taking away their privileges
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Problem in 1566Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches
What social class did this Nobles
What did Philip do Sent thousands of troops over to crush the rebellion
bullThe Dutch fought back declared their independence from Spain
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhen King Philip ended his reign in 1598 Spain had the largest population in the worldSeen as the greatest power of the age
Was this really the case Was Spain the greatest and the most prosperous NO
Treasury was emptyPhilip spent too much money on the wars = bankrupt
Armed forces were out of dateInefficient government
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Who was really the most powerful
ENGLAND
FRANCE
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 3 ndash Queen Elizabeth I
Reigned 1558 -1603
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
2 Goals of ElizabethRELIGION
PROTECTION
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
ReligionbullDuring her reign England became the
leader of the Protestant nations of Europe and laid the foundation for a world empire
bullShe got rid of many of the laws that favored Catholicism set by her half-sister Mary
bullElizabeth created an Act of Supremacy and named herself the ldquoonly supreme governorrdquo of both the church and state
The Church of England under her remained mostly Protestant
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Protectionbull Felt that war would be disastrous
for England
bull She wanted to keep Spain and France from being too powerful How did she do this
She would support the weaker of the 2 countries Ex If Spain was becoming
too powerful she would support France and vice versa
bull Plunder Spanish ships Sir Francis Drake would plunder
Spanish ships sailing the Caribbean
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullProblems with SpainPhilip II always wanted to take over
England 2 reasons
Power and influence Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Problems with Spain
bullPhilip II always wanted to take over England 2 reasons Power and influence
Restate Catholicism as the religion over Protestantism
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhat did he do1588 - Created an armadaWhat is an armada Fleet of warships
Problems with Philiprsquos PlanDidnrsquot have the manpowerDidnrsquot have the ships that would compare to England
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWho wonThe English
It was a very unsuccessful attack for the Spanish
Very successful for Elizabeth ndash raising her approval prestige and power- and humiliating Philip II
ElizabethrsquosSecond Great Seal
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Historical TWEETS
bullYou will create a total of TWO historical tweets about TWO of the following absolute rulersbull Henry IV (aka Henry of Navarre)bull Charles Vbull King Phillip II bull Queen Elizabeth I
bullYour tweets must be about a significant event in the rulerrsquos reign bullRemember that a tweet is short and to the point
An example would be
See KingPhillipII girls really can rule land AND sea
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Ch 7-Sect 2Social Crises War
and Revolution
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Is There Honor In The Honor CodebullOn your half sheet please answer the Pre-Reading Question
bullAs I am reading the situation please answer the Reflection On Reading section questions
bullWe will discuss this as a classRemember to hand in your reading
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Back to Notes
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullFrom 1560 to 1650 Europe witnessed severe economic and social crisis
bullOne major problem they faced was inflationWhat is it Rising prices
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhat caused this The great influx of gold and silver from the
Americas was one factor
Growing population in the 16th century increased the demand of land and food and drove up prices for both
Mines were producing less silver
Fleets were being pirated
Trade was declining as well
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullPopulations were increasing at 1600s ndash then began to falter in the 1650s Why
Warfare Plague Famine
Problem Caused more social tensions between the people
Loss of population led to a loss of specialized goods and crafts which led to the falling of the economy
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Witchcraft Trials
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhat is witchcraftThe practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
bullWhere did it take placeVillages in Europe
bullWhat was the problemDuring the Inquisition they hunted for heretics now added witchcraft because it was seen as a devil religion
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Process of the Inquisition ActivitybullGet into groups of 4 (no groups over 4
members)Take your half sheet with you
bullComplete the half sheet using the information on the cards in your group
bullYou will have less than 10 min to complete this activity
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Back to Notes
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWho were the victimsCommon people Poor No propertyWomen SingleWidowedOver the age of 50
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Return to ldquoThe Honor Coderdquo
bullI need 3 hard workers
bullAs I give you your task sheets be conscious of what I am asking you to do (READ carefully)
bullYou will only have 5 min to prepare your first task
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The InvestigationbullThe Administration will question each accused
student The interview will last 2 minStudents- You do not have much time to make
your caseAmin- You do not have much time to question
your suspect
bullThe students will have a few seconds at the end of the round of questioning to make any final statementsAdmin amp Students- You should take notes during
the trial so you can prepare a closing statement
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Activity Breakdown DiscussionbullWhat was your overall experience with the
investigation Positive Negative
bullWas justice done in any of the cases
bull Did the accused students provided decent defenses for themselves
bull Do you think the Administration had preconceived notions about the students before going into the investigationDo you think these influenced the trial
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Back to Notes
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhat did they confess to doingSworn allegiance to the devil
Attended nightly ceremonies
Used evil spells
Putting spells on their neighbors
Why did they confessThey were being tortured
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullBy the 1650s the hysteria had slowed down
bullGovernments no longer wanted to deal with the trials (they were expensive and no one cared anymore)
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
SS 2 February 16th
On your deskAbsolutism Notes (Ch 7)
Be sure to review your notes each night
Bellringer
Please define the following termsTerroristfreedom fighter
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Thirty Years WarbullPeace of Augsburg caused many problems
with the Calvinists
bullWhat was the Peace of AugsburgbullAllowed German princes to select
either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the lands they controlled
bullWhy is there a problemThe Calvinism had not been recognized in the settlements yet
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWar Duration(Years) 1618-1648
bullWho did it involve Hapsburg Holy Roman
emperors ndash Catholic
Bohemian nobles - Protestants (Calvinists) Rebelled against the Catholic authority
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhere was it fought in EuropeGermany
But all of Europe was fighting at one time except for England
bullWhich country suffered the mostGermany
bullWhyThatrsquos where all the fighting was concentrated
bullWhat ended the warThe Peace of Westphalia ndash German states including
Calvinists ones could determine their own religion recognized as independent states because each received power to conduct its own foreign policy
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Revolutions in England
bullDuring the 17th century there were made rebellions and civil problems
bullThe largest in England was the English Revolution
bullHow did it startStruggle between the king and Parliament to determine who had the most power
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullElizabeth I died in 1603 and brought the Tudor line to an end
bullThe Stuarts picked up the legacy ndash they were related to the Tudors (cousins to Elizabeth)
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 4 ndash James I
Reigned 1603-1625
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullJames I took over England
Problems James believed in the Divine Right of KingsThe king ruled all and the Parliament had no say in the behavior
James was a Protestant and even harsher on the Catholics than ElizabethThe Catholics have had just about enough
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Gunpowder PlotbullThe failed plot to assassinate James I
and the Protestant Parliament
bullThis act would taint English Catholics with treason for centuries to come
bullWhy is this act significantShowed how upset an English minority
was with their king and the parliament
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Gunpowder Plot Terrorism OR Freedom Fighting
bull Introduction- Rundown as to what the ldquoplotrdquo is
bull Article Summary- The Gunpowder Plot
bull The Gunpowder Plot Video Clips (create six squares on the back of your discussion webmdashwrite the following questions in each box) Act of Uniformity-Why were the Catholics upset with the laws of the
time The 5 Conspirators-Who were the conspirators involved What was
their purpose A Simple Plan-What was the conspiratorsrsquo plan Sourcing the Gunpowder-How close did the conspirators come to
blowing up Parliament Disaster Averted -How was disaster averted Treason and Torture ndashAfter the plot fails what happens to the
conspirators involved
bull Graphic Organizer- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
You have until 1140 to get your article read and two facts for each heading complete
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Legacy of James IbullAfter the gunpowder plot James tried to control
the Catholics even more
bullFor all his flaws James had never completely lost the affection of his people
bull Jamesrsquo successor held a fatal belief in the divine right of kings and a disdain for Parliament which will start the English Civil War
bullUnder James the English colonized North America In 1607Jamestown was founded in Virginia
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 5 ndash Charles I
Reigned 1625-1649
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullCharles and Parliament hate each other and constantly try to limit the power of the otherParliament passed a law which prohibited the
king from passing any taxes without their consent
bullCharles wanted everyone to become CatholicParliament is filled with ProtestantsWith that thousands of Puritans left for the America
bullCharles wanted to imprison Parliament instead a revolt in sues
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The English Civil Warbull The Civil War started in 1642
Fought between the Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who supported the Parliament
Who won Roundheads
Why Oliver Cromwell took over and created
the New Model Army made up of extreme Puritans who are known as the Independents who believed they were doing battle for God
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhyHow was he successfulHe got rid of all of the Parliament
members who did not support the Roundheads These non-supporters were called the Rump
Party
Cromwell executed Charles I in 1649 This action was important because it sent a message to Europe With the execution Parliament got rid of the monarchy and declared England a commonwealthA commonwealth is a republic
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Restoration
bullCromwell died in 1658
Within a year Parliament took over and restored the monarchy to Charles II
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War
Taken from BBC Monarchy with David Starkey
bullBackground
bullCromwell is Victorious
bullLife After the King is Beheaded
bullLord Protector Cromwell
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 6 - Charles II
Reigned 1658-1685
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullSigns Habeas Corpus ndash document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so they can decide whether imprisonment is legal
bullCharles II was sympathetic to Catholicism and his brother James II was a proud Catholic and heir to the throne
Why is that a problem Parliament was still wary about having
a proud Catholic as a king and wanted to pass the Exclusion Bill which would barred James from the throne because he was a devout Catholic
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullHuge debate between the 2 groupsWhigs ndash exclude JamesTories ndash did not want to interfere with the principle law of succession to the throne
bullCharles died in 1685 and James II became king ndash gave Catholics high position in the government army navy and universities
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullParliament did not fight with James II ndash whyHe was old and his daughters Mary and Anne were both protestant (1st wife)
Problem 1688 he had a son with his 2nd wife who was a Catholic
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
A Glorious RevolutionbullA group of English noblemen asked Mary and
William of Orange ndash leader of the Dutch to invade England
bull1688 they ldquoinvadedrdquo England
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullJames his wife and their son all fled to France
Why was it called a ldquoGlorious RevolutionrdquoThere was no blood spilled at all
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullParliament gave the monarch over to William and Mary but only if they would sign The English Bill of RightsWhat did it give Parliament
Parliamentrsquos rights to makes laws and levy taxes Standing armies could only be raised with the
Parliamentrsquos consent Citizens could keep arms Right to a jury trial
Impossible for a king to do anything without the aid of Parliament
Based on the Rule of Law and the freely elected Parliament
Foundation was based for a constitutional monarchy
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullAlso passed the Toleration Act of 1689 ndash Granted Puritans but not Catholics the right of free public worshipBasically stopped the religious persecutions
Destroyed the divine right theory because Parliament dethroned a king and created another
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullCabinet- group of ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Link between the ruler and parliament Leader of the majority party in parliament heads the cabinet and is known as the Prime Minister
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Flash Forward Bridging the GapbullUS would adopt many of Englandrsquos ideas during the 17th century including Habeas CorpusBill of RightsCabinet Strong legislature and strong executive branches along with 2 dominant political parties
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
7-3Response to
Crisis Absolutism
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullTo make the monarch more stable they needed to increase the power of the monarch in the 17th Century
bullCreated the idea of Absolutism
bullWhat is Absolutism A system in which the ruler holds total power Tied to the divine right of kings
The reign of Louis XIV was a prime example of absolutism
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bull50 years before the reign of Louis in France the government was a mess
bullBoth Louis XIII and Louis XIV (4 years old) were both boys when they came to the throne
bull2 ministers that played a major role in preserving the monarchy
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Cardinal Richelieubull Louis XIIIrsquos chief minister
bull What did he do
bull Took away the political and military rights of the Huguenots but still passed on the religious rights
bull Tamed nobles who were conspiring against those in power
bull Stopped conspirators by executing them
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
MazarinbullLouis XIV chief
minister
What did he do
Stopped a revolt held by nobles who were unhappy with the power the monarch had
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullImportance These 2 men proved to the French that the best chance of having a stable government was to give power to the monarchy
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 7 Louis XIV
Reigned 1643-1715
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullAt the age of 23 and after the death of Cardinal Mazarin Louis became king
bullHe quit playing around and matured
bullHe created a strict and serious routine from which he hardly ever moved from
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Government and Religion
bullLouis was the key to policymaking ndash Created the Royal Court at Versailles
Served 3 purposesPersonal household of the kingChief offices of the state were held
He could watch over them
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullAlso had a Royal CouncilChief administrative body of the king
Supervised the government
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullHe used religion keep the country united
bullWhat position did he take Anti-protestant position he wanted the Huguenots to accept Catholicism
When he 1st took the throne he destroyed Huguenot churches and destroyed their schools ndash roughly 2000 fled to England the United States and German States
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
FinancesbullDealing with the building of palaces
fighting wars and maintaining his courts Louis needed money
How was he going to get it Increase his exports and decrease his imports
Granted subsidies to new businesses
Built better canals and roads
Raised tariffs on foreign goods
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
MilitarybullLouis wanted a strong and powerful militaryHow did he get it Created wars with other countriesFought 4 wars between 1667 amp 1713
What did he get from the wars Added some territory to the Northwest of France
Had a member of his own dynasty on the throne of Spain
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
LegacybullWhat did he leave France with when he died in 1715 at the age of 76Huge debtSurrounded by enemies
bullWhy Wars and too great of an ambition
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Describe the lifestyle of Louis XIVbullWhat was his childhood like
bullWhere did he live
bullWhat were his policies
bullWhat were his fears
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Letrsquos Comparehelliphellip
Sun King vs Lion King
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
bullAfter the Thirty Years War there were many German States but not one united Germany
bullWhy2 major states Prussia and Austria became huge empires in the 17th amp 18th centuries
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Prussia
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 8 Frederick William the Great Elector
Reigned 1713-1740
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullOne of the best educated and most cultured monarchs in the 18th century Well versed in Enlightenment
A believer in the king as the ldquofirst servant of the staterdquo
Attempted to make enlightened reforms Abolished the use of torture except in cases of treason or murder
Granted limited power of government Freedom of press Complete religious toleration
bullHe built a strong and efficient army
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullHow did he pay for thisGeneral War Commissariat which would Levy taxes and oversee the growth of the army
Eventually he used this to govern the state
Who were the JunkersThe rich men who served Frederick and the army ndash members of the Commissariat
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Austria
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullCreated by the Hapsburgs after the fall of the German Empire
bullLand it encompassedPresent day Austria part of Hungary and Czech Republic
bullLater in 1687 they took over the rest of Hungary Transylvania Croatia and Slavonia
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullProblemsNever became centralized absolutist state
WhyMade up of so many different national groupsCollection of territories held together by the Hapsburg military and politics
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWho were the HapsburgsArchduke of AustriaKing of BohemiaKing of Hungary
Problem Each had their own laws and political life
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 9 Ivan IV
Reigned 1533-1584
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullStruggled for power with the boyers ndash land owning nobles
bullCrowned himself Czar (Ceasar king)
From 1533 he won many victoriesrsquo added lands to Russia gave Russia a code of laws and ruled justly
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullAfter his wife died things got ugly
Organized a police force that hunted down and killed potential traitors
Killed many boyers their families and peasants
In 1581 Ivan the Terrible stabbed his oldest son and heir to the throne to death in an argument
He died 3 years later leaving his second and weak son to rule
This would give rise to the Romanovs
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Absolute Monarch 10 ndash Peter the Great
Reigned 1682-1725
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullThe Time of Troubles took out Ivan in 1598
bullThe national assembly chose Michael Romanov as the new czar
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullPeter the Great was part of the Romanov Dynasty and an absolute monarch
bullHis goalHe wanted Russia to be more westernized Pushed to improve the military technology of Russia
With his death in 1725 Russia was one of the main military powers in Russia
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullFirst goalReorganize the army
He added both Russian and European officers
Drafted peasants to be in the army for 25 years
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullSecond goalCentralize the government
Divided Russia into provinces and had people in charge to carry out his laws
His administrators feared him and basically became his slaves
Was it successful NO the people feared and resented him
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullHe wanted Russia to be more westernized
How de he do this Created a book of etiquette
Made men shave their beards and shorten their coats
Upper-class women could remove their veils in public
Mixing of genders - ceremonies galas etc
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
St Petersburg
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullTook over this territory from Sweden in the Great Northern War
bullKnown as the ldquoOpen a window to the Westrdquo
bullCreated a port town to that had ready access to Europe
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhere was it located On the Baltic Sea
Problem ndash it was owned by Sweden
Solution ndash Fight and take the land
Began to create the city in 1703 and it remained the Russian capital until 1918
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
7-4The World of
European Culture
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
MannerismbullThe artistic Renaissance came to an end
when the a new movement called Mannerism merged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530sDefine Mannerism-
bullIn Italy the enthusiasm of the renaissance declined because people wanted and wished for a spiritual experience
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullMannerism in art reflected this new idea and took away the ideas of the High Renaissance which wereBalanceHarmonyModeration
bullInstead Mannerism replaced them with the ideas ofDisproportionSufferingHeighted emotionReligious ecstasy
Example
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
El GrecobullWhere was El Greco from
Crete
bullWhat does his name mean The Greek
bullWhat did his mood reflect in his artTensions created by the religious upheavals of the Reformation
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Baroque PeriodbullMannerism was eventually replaced by
the Baroque movement
bullThis movement began in Italy in the last quarter of the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America
bullWhat reform movement wholeheartedly adopted the Baroque styleCatholic
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullBaroque artists tried to bring together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with the spiritual feelings on the 16th century revival
bullThe baroque style was known to for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
Why did Kings and princes use the baroque style Wanted all to be overwhelmed
by the beauty and power
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Art Critique Books
bullYou must have them complete and illustrated BEFORE you leave today
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Golden Age of Literature
bullEnglish Literature
bullWhen did writing hit a new height in both Spain and England1580-1640
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullBetween the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this time period in England was called the Elizabethan EraWhy is it called this era
So much of it fell within the time period of Elizabethrsquos reign
bullWho was the most famous dramatists of this time period in EnglandShakespeare
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullStage was already very popular in England before Shakespeare came to the stage in 1592
bullStages ranged from the Globe which had an open circular unroofed structure that could hold up to 3000 people to that of the Blackfriars which were roofed structures that only held around 500 people
The Globe allowed all classes to watch because they only charged around one or two pennies for admission
The Blackfriars welcomed the upper class because they charged higher prices
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Globe
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
The Blackfriars
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullTrue or False Playwrights had to write many different types of plays to accommodate the different types of audiences
bullShakespeare was seen as being a universal genius because he could show a remarkable understanding of the human condition
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Spanish LiteraturebullWhere were the first professional theaters
formedSeville amp Madrid
bullWho set the standard for playwrights in Spain around the 1580s Lope de Vega
bullOut of his 1500 plays 500 survived
bullLope de Vega wrote plays to please his audience and gave the people what they wanted
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWho wrote Don QuixoteMiguel de Cervantes
bullHe portrayed the dual nature of the Spanish characterThe knight ndash is a visionary so involved in his
own life that he does not see the harsh realities around him
The squire ndash is a realist In the end each comes to the value of others
perspective The book shows that both visionary dreams and the hard work of the reality are necessary for the human condition
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Political Thought
bullThomas Hobbes was alarmed by the revolutionary upheavals in England
bullHe wrote the book Leviathan and it was published in 1651
What is this book about A work on political thought ndash try to deal
with the problem of disorder
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullHobbes felt that before society was organized it was ldquosolitary poor nasty brutish and shortrdquo Humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
What did the people have to do to save themselves from destroying one anotherMake a social contract and agreed to a form of state
People in the state would agreed to be governed by an absolute ruler who had unlimited power
Rebellion must be suppressed
bullOverall idea Hobbes felt that absolute power was needed to preserve order in society
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhat book did John Locke write When was it written The Treatise of Government ndash 1690
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bull Differed from Hobbes He argued against the absolute rule of one person
Before society was organized humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war
In this state humans of nature have certain natural rights
Define Natural Rights
What 3 rights are includedLife LibertyProperty
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bull Agreed with Hobbes Problems did exist within nature
Difficult to protect their natural rights therefore you have to establish a government to ensure the protection of their rights
The contract is between what 2 groups People and the government
What did the 2 groups have to do Government was responsible to keep the people safe
The People were to follow the rules kept by the government
What would happen if the government broke the contract Overthrow ndash find a new monarch
Who were people to Locke Those who held land
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullLocke was not an advocate for democracy but his ideas proved important to both Americans and the French in the 18th century
What were his ideas used to support Demands for a constitutional government
Rule of law
Protection of rights
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
bullWhat 2 American documents can his ideas be foundConstitution
Declaration of Independence
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Stop
bullComplete Say Something ActivityPhilosophies of Hobbes and Locke
bullNatural Rights Activity
bullFinish Word Splash
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly United Nations
December 10 1948
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
1 Everyone is free and we should all be treated in the same way
2 Everyone is equal despite differences in skin colour sex religion language for example
3 Everyone has the right to life and to live in freedom and safety
4 No one has the right to treat you as a slave nor should you make anyone your slave
5 No one has the right to hurt you or to torture you
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
6 Everyone has the right to be treated equally by the law
7 The law is the same for everyone it should be applied in the same way to all
8 Everyone has the right to ask for legal help when their rights are not respected
9 No one has the right to imprison you unjustly or expel you from your own country
10 Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
11 Everyone should be considered innocent until guilt is proved
12 Everyone has the right to ask for help if someone tries to harm you but no-one can enter your home open your letters or bother you or your family without a good reason
13 Everyone has the right to travel as they wish
14 Everyone has the right to go to another country and ask for protection if they are being persecuted or are in danger of being persecuted
15 Everyone has the right to belong to a country No one has the right to prevent you from belonging to another country if you wish to
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
16 Everyone has the right to marry and have a family
17 Everyone has the right to own property and possessions
18 Everyone has the right to practice and observe all aspects of their own religion and change their religion if they want to
19 Everyone has the right to say what they think and to give and receive information
20 Everyone has the right to take part in meetings and to join associations in a peaceful way
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
21 Everyone has the right to help choose and take part in the government of their country
22 Everyone has the right to social security and to opportunities to develop their skills
23 Everyone has the right to work for a fair wage in a safe environment and to join a trade union
24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
25 Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help if they are ill
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration
26 Everyone has the right to go to school
27 Everyone has the right to share in their communitys cultural life
28 Everyone must respect the social order that is necessary for all these rights to be available
29 Everyone must respect the rights of others the community and public property
30 No one has the right to take away any of the rights in this declaration