Chapter 7: Memory

Capacity/Reconstructive/SchemasCapacity of MemoryCan hold the equivalent of vast numbers of videos/films of our lifetime of experience; more likely to remember things that make an impact on us and are paying close attention toMemory as ReconstructiveMemories are not recorded and played back just like Videos but instead RECONSTRUCTED according to the personal and individual ways we view the worldSchemasMental representations that we form the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge are called schemas3Bell Work: Chapter 7 Section 1Get books/folders1st Ten MinutesRead All of Pg. 153Think of some general knowledge, experiences, and skills you hold in your memoryList some skills you have, something you remember learning from Grade school, and some huge event you remember!We will create a class list and categorize them laterTask #1Write down all the T/F on pg. 154 with a space underneath each statement to be fixed later on

Task #2: Quiet 10 MinutesIn your Journal Write down the overall Question of Section 1Then apply your PQ4R skills of Previewing and asking questions about your reading of Section 1

Hint: There should be 5 Questions...... The 1st should be What is MemoryThe 2nd should be What are the three kinds of memoryYou should be able to figure out the 3 other questions as well as answers by applying the 4 Rs (Read, Reflect, Recite, Review)What is MemoryMemory is the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills leaned in the pastThere a 3 KINDS OF MEMORYEpisodic MemoryGeneric MemoryProcedural Memory

What is episodic memoryEpisodic Memory is the memory of a specific event.Event that took place in the persons presence, or the person experienced the eventFlashbulb MemoryRecalling events in great detailSome episodic memories are so intense that its as if we photographed many of the detailsKnowing exactly where you were when 9/11 happen is an example of this

What is Generic Memory?Generic Memory is the general knowledge that people rememberNot really focused on when info was acquiredExamples Who freed the slaves?Who is the president of the U.S?Name the capital of Nebraska

What is Procedural Memory?Procedural Memory consists of skills, or procedures, you have learnedExamples: Riding a bike, Throwing a ball, Classroom rules/procedures

Lesson ClosingTask #3Copy down Chart on board into columns titled Episodic, Generic, and Procedural MemoryPlace the events listed into appropriate columnsTask #4Complete Thinking bout Psychology; pg. 155Bell WorkGet Books/FoldersTask #1: Answer the 1st True/FalseTurn to Task #4Go over Answers to Thinking bout PsychActivityLook at these Numbers for 30 Sec. Try and memorize them using any means necessary other than writing them down

OTTFFSSENTTask #5: PQ4R Section 2Only Form the Questions as you will look back to use this for reviewQuestion 1: What are the 3 Processes of Memory?Question 2: What is encoding? What makes it up?Question 3: ??Question 4: ??Leave a line under each to possibly answer them!What are the 3 Processes of Memory?EncodingStorageRetrievalWhat makes up each?

What are the 3 Processes of Memory?What is EncodingTranslation of information into a form it can be storedChanging physical stimulation received into psychological formats via Codes.

Visual CodesAcoustic CodesSemantic CodesWhat are the 3 Processes of Memory?What is Storage?2nd Process of memoryMaintenance of encoded information over a period of timeMaintenance RehearsalElaborative RehearsalOrg. SystemsFiling Errors

What are the 3 Processes of Memory?What is Retrieval?Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thoughtContext-DependentState-DependentTip-o-Tongue

Lesson ClosingGet w/ 9 oclock partnersDesignate one partner the Memory and the other person the InformationInformation person will have information that will need to be given in 2 of the 3 types of codes (semantic, acoustic, visual)Memory will then be presented with the information a couple of times and then have to recall them in front of the classBell WorkTask #6Thinking about Psychology (pg. 160)Go back and answer the 2nd T/F of Task #1 (pg.157)Task #7PQ4R Section 3: Question 1: What are the three stages of memory?Question 2: What is Sensory Memory? What makes it up?Question 3: ?Question 4: ?Memory!!!?!?!?!?!??Look at figure 7.1 on pg. 154; right down the words from it on the top of your notes, do not draw them!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuvF113uty4What are the 3 Stages of Memory?

SensoryShort TermLong TermStages of Memory: Copy this down!

What are the 3 Stages of Memory?What is Sensory Memory?1st Stage of MemoryImmediate, initial recording of information through our sensesMental pictures we take from visual stimuli are called Icons

Iconic MemoryEidetic MemoryEchoic MemoryWhat are the 3 Stages of Memory?What is Short Term Memory?Also called Working MemoryWhenever you are thinking of something, met a new person, acquire new knowledge you attempt to remember it is here

Primacy/Recency ChunkingInterferenceWhat are the 3 Stages of Memory?What is Long Term Memory3rd/Final StageTaking certain steps to store it thereRepetition is key!!Maintenance and ElaborativeCapacity of MemoryMemory as ReconstructiveSchemas

Lesson ClosingRevisit Task #1Answer T/F #3 from pg. 161Task #8Pg.165: Read/Answer Psychology in the World TodayHW for tomorrow (Worksheet)Completion Grade on everything but Ways to Improve and Forgetting

Iconic/Eidetic/Echoic MemoryIconic MemoryLike Snapshots, just a fraction of a secondEidetic MemoryAbility to remember visual stimuli over long periods of timeThink Photographic MemoryEchoic MemoryMental traces of soundsHeld longer, and easier to remember than visual codesSaying things aloud or to yourself makes them easier1Primacy/Recency/Chunking/Interf.Primacy EffectTendency to recall initial items in a series of items Remembering the 1st thingsRecency EffectTendency to recall last items in a seriesChunkingOrganization of items into manageable or familiar unit. Think of OTTFFSSENT easier to remember asO TT FF SS ENT; here its 5 chunks before 10 lettersInterferenceOccurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes place of what was already there

2Bell WorkTurn in Movie Projects right away!!Task #9Complete Thinking about Psychology (pg. 166)Go over answers to Task #6Completion Check of HW from yesterdayTask #10PQ4RSection 4Question 1: What is Forgetting and Memory ImprovementQuestion 2: ?Question 3: ?Question 4: ?Question 5: ?Question 6: ?

What is forgetting and Memory Imp.?Forgetting can occur at any of the three stages of memorySensoryShort-termLong-termSensory can be forgotten almost immediatelyShort term could after 10-12 seconds unless you find a way to transfer it to long term (Think Dan and phone #)Long term memory forgetting often occurs b/c memory is recalled incorrectly or is mixed up w/ new information3 Basic Tasks: Recognition, Recall, and RelearningRecognition (Read 1st paragraph pg. 168)Identifying objects or events that have been encountered beforeWhat are the easiest types of tests?Forgetting defined as failure to recognize something encounteredRecall To Bring it back in to mind, trying to reconstruct it in your mindForgetting much easier, if in short term memory forgetting gradually decreases w/time but still decreasesRe-LearningNot remembering things once learned, but relearning can often be rapidThink Math problems/formulas

Different Kinds of ForgettingForgetting often attributed to interference or decayDecayFading away of memorySimilar to a burning out candle

Extreme forms of Memory LossRepressionMemories that may be so painful or unpleasant that they are forgotten to help protect us from anxietyAmnesiaSevere memory loss caused by brain injury, shock, fatigue, etc.Infantile: Memory loss before age 3Anterograde: Memory loss from trauma that prevents forming new memoriesRetrograde: Memory loss leading up to a traumatic event: Concussions=exmample

Improving MemoryMEMORY CAN BE IMPROVEDDrill and Practice: Transfer from SM to STM to LTMRelate to knowledge (Elaborative)Form unusual AssociationsRead aloud SectionConstruct Links bt itemsMnemonic DevicesSystems for remembering informationChunking, acronyms, jingles

Lesson ClosingQuietly read through review on pg. 174 Believe me this will greatly help your comprehensionAs you do this be looking at Tasks (2,5,7, and 10)Complete Review (Due Monday in class)Terms/Concepts 1-10Critical Review 1-6

TEST TUESDAY!! REVIEW MONDAY