CHAPTER 7: THE CHALLENGE OF CHRISTENDOMChurch and Empire in Tension(pgs. 124-146)

Two English Sources of Light Boniface: The Apostle to the Germans

Benedictine Monk in England Left to do missionary work in the Netherlands =

failure Went to pope for guidance, sent him to Germany

A Wandering Bishop Working with the Frankish Government

Bede: The Historian-Monk Spent entire life in same monastery Wrote explanations of Scriptures and sermons on

religious topics

Church and State Entangled

The Donation of Pepin: The Papal States Pepin helped pope drive off Lombards, gave him territory

Charlemagne: A Return of the Roman Empire Pepin’s son Charles organized part of Western Europe into a

Frankish kingdom Conversion by the Sword An Emperor Again

Pope Leo III crowns him “Emperor to the Romans” An Emphasis on Education Direction for the Church The Fate of the Empire

For Review pg. 132

A Feudal Way of Life

A System for Defense The Pyramid of Feudalism

Serfs, landlords/vassals, higher lords, king Living Conditions

Lords and wealthy vassals lived in castles on their estates

The Feudal Monastery Church had major role with bishops and abbots

often being powerful lords of feudal estates Church remained only constant and promised

salvation

Other Peoples Turn Christian The Vikings: Invaders from the Sea

“sea rovers” aka Norsemen (men from the north) Invasion spurred feudalism

The Slavs: Lining Up with the Eastern and Western Churches A Need for Worship in Their Own Language

Slav state, Greater Moravia developed Byzantine emperor sends Cyril and Methodius to live with

Slavs; devised Slavic alphabet Other Slavic Peoples

Poland, Russia, Magyar

For Review pg. 141

Royal Pains for the Church

Conflicts of Church and State East-Versus-West Tensions The Papacy Up for Grabs

Roman nobles control appointment of pope Pope John XII and King Otto I

Bishops and Abbots Indebted to Counts and Dukes Simony: “buying” office of bishop

Cluny: A Creative Response to the Church-State Dilemma Duke begins new Benedictine monastery in Cluny,

France, independent of any control by local lord or secular ruler

For Review pg. 144