Chapter 7 – The Roman World

1000 BC – 476 AD

Section 2 – Rome expands its Borders

• Predict some possible causes of conflict between the growing Roman Republic and the surrounding Mediterranean peoples

• Answers: trade rivalry and economic competition, competition for land, mutual suspicion, cultural threats,

• Main Idea: Through warfare and alliances, the Roman Republic greatly expanded the lands under their control.

The Punic Wars

• Places: Rubicon, Carthage, Alps,• Rome vs. Carthage – why?

• First Punic War – 264 BC• Rome has no navy, builds one – what was

the model?• Land warfare at sea = “boarding bridges”• War ends after 23 years – 241 BC

Punic Wars

• Second Punic War: 218 BC• Hannibal• Crossing the Alps into Italy• Laid waste to the countryside• Wanted to win away Rome’s allies –

successful?• Scipio – Roman general• Rome goes after Carthage – Hannibal has

to go home• Carthage has to give up their Navy and

colonies in Spain

Hannibal v. Scipio

Battle of Zama

Punic Wars

• Third Punic War• Roman Senate decides to crush

Carthage• Carthage was destroyed in 146 BC• By 133 BC Rome had extended its

control over the entire region – supreme power in the Mediterranean

Destruction of Carthage

"Furthermore, it is my opinion that Carthage must be destroyed", a

position earlier cited by Cicero in his dialogue De Senectute.

Provinces

• Each province was administered by a governor

• Rome becomes dependent upon the provinces over time for grain

• Equites: class of business people connected to trade

• Within the Republic the gap between the rich and the poor, powerful and powerless, continued to grow

Spartacus

• Led revolt that began in 73 BC• More than 70,000 slaves took part• Spartacus dies in battle• Some 6,000 rebels were crucified