Chapter 7 The Working Cell: Energy from Foodmsbeelsscience.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/0/0/38003353/chapter_7_the... · energy (stored energy) called chemical energy stored in the bonds

Cellular Respiration 1415 Edit.notebook

1

December 18, 2014

Chapter 7

The Working Cell: Energy from Food


2

December 18, 2014

> These organisms are called AUTOTROPHS or PRODUCERS.

> These organisms are called HETEROTROPHS or CONSUMERS.

Some Organisms use sunlight to make food in a process called photosynthesis:

Some organisms cannot use sunlight to make foodthey must eat instead:

Types of Organisms


3

December 18, 2014

In a process called Cellular Respiration

• No matter how organisms get their food ALL get their energy FROM THE FOOD in the SAME way.

Types of Organisms


4

December 18, 2014

• Cellular Respiration is a Process in which organisms create ATP from the food they make or eat.

Cellular Respiration


5

December 18, 2014

• During Cellular Respiration we take potential energy (stored energy) called chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose and turn it into ATP> ATP is called free energy because it is

available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work)

– The amount of energy released is measured in calories or kilocalories» The more energy a type of food can

release the more calories it has



6

December 18, 2014

• Cellular Respiration: catabolic, exergonic, aerobic process that uses energy to extract ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from an organic molecule called glucose.> Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down> Exergonic: Rxn that releases energy> Aerobic: oxygen (O2) requiring



7

December 18, 2014

• Cellular Respiration is similar to breathing and respiration> Breathing and respiration is an exchange of

oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the outside air

> Cellular respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and the blood



8

December 18, 2014


Cellular Respiration uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make as well as the oxygen we breathe to create up to 38 ATP as well as the carbon dioxide we breathe out and water.

Makes up to 38 ATP


9

December 18, 2014

What is ATP?• Adenosine TriPhospate:> Made of three things– 1.) Ribose (sugar)– 2.) Adenosine (base)– 3.) Three phosphates

• Key to the activity of ATP is release energy as the bonds break between the phosphates

http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/atp/atp.pdb


10

December 18, 2014

ATP to ADP to AMP releases energy

AMP

ADP

ATP

http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/atp/amp.pdbhttp://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/atp/adp.pdbhttp://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/atp/atp.pdb


11

December 18, 2014

• The three parts of Cellular Respiration occur in the…> Cytoplasm (cytosol): Glycolysis> Mitochondrial Matrix: Krebs Cycle> Inner Mitochondrial Membrane:Electron Transport Chain

Cellular Respiration: Location


12

December 18, 2014

Cellular Respiration: MitochondriaThe mitochondria is designed to complete cellular respiration with maximum energy production.

> There are many folds in the membrane to increase surface area and allow for more reactions of Cellular Respiration to occur at once. This produces a lot of ATP.


13

December 18, 2014

Cellular Respiration• Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts.> 1.) Glycolysis: sugar splitting phase (glucose is the

sugar)> 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the

energy from glucose> 3.) Electron Transport Chain/: Turns the energy

into ATP for the body to use

**In total makes from 34 to 38 ATP**


14

December 18, 2014

Stage 1: Glycolysis• Location: Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria in two phases.

> A. Energy investment phase– Put 2 ATP in to start the reaction

> B. Energy yielding phase– Create 4 ATP

• MAIN GOAL: To split glucose


15

December 18, 2014

Glycolysis• Process:

> Invest 2 ATP to start the reaction> Split glucose molecule in half to create two molecules of Pyruvic

Acid > Produces two molecules of NADH from NAD+> Produces 4 new ATP molecules

– NET GAIN: 2 ATP (4 Produced 2 Invested)


16

December 18, 2014

Glycolysis• Reactants

> 2 ATP Molecules> 1 Glucose Molecule> 2 NAD+ Molecules> 4 ADP Molecules

• Products> 2 ADP Molecules> 2 Pyruvate Molecules> 2 NADH Molecules> 4 ATP Molecules


17

December 18, 2014

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)• Location: Mitochondrial Matrix• Main Goal: Break down pyruvate to carbon dioxide and release more energy

• Process:> Diffuse pyruvic acid into the matrix of the

mitochondria– Each pyruvate loses one carbon and makes a 2 carbon molecule called Acetyl CoA« The carbon join with the oxygen (aerobic) that breathe in to create the carbon dioxide we breathe out

> Acetyl CoA now enters the mitochondria


18

December 18, 2014

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)• Since there are two molecules of Pyruvic Acid entering the krebs cycle there must be two turns of the cycle. One for each pyruvate.

1.

2.


19

December 18, 2014

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)• Reactants:

> Products from glycolysis– Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

> ADP> Oxygen> FAD> NAD+

• Products:> 4 Carbon Molecule to be

recycled> ATP> Carbon Dioxide> FADH2> NADH


20

December 18, 2014

Electron Transport Chain• Location: Inner Membranes of Mitochondria• Main Goal: Use hydrogen ions and electrons to make up to 34 ATP• Process:

> All NADH and FADH2 are electron carrier molecules– Made from glycolysis and krebs cycle

> NADH and FADH2 donate electrons and hydrogen ions to make ATP


21

December 18, 2014

Electron Transport Chain• Reactants:

> ALL NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the krebs cycle

> ADP

• Products:> NAD+ and FAD

> ATP


22

December 18, 2014

FermentationIn some cases there is little to no oxygen present and organisms still need energy. Since cellular respiration is an aerobic process it cannot occur with out oxygen.

Fermentation occurs when no oxygen is present (anaerobic) and only produces a net gain of 2 ATP.

Two Types

1. Lactic Acid: Completes glycolysis and produces lactic acid

2. Alcoholic: Completes glycolysis and produces alcohol

Page 1: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 2: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 3: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 4: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 5: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 6: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 7: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 8: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 9: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 10: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 11: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 12: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 13: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 14: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 15: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 16: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 17: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 18: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 19: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 20: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 21: Dec 10-3:41 PMPage 22: Dec 10-3:41 PM

Documents

Chapter 7 The Working Cell: Energy from Foodmsbeelsscience.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/0/0/38003353/chapter_7_the... · energy (stored energy) called chemical energy stored in the bonds