The Progressives Age

1900-1917

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Chapter 8-9

Reformers wanted to:

Regulate big business More Americans wanted to control

their CandidatesIt was done by three successful men:

Teddy Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

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Reformers

At the turn of the century the United States:

45 States 76 million people Wealth-Prosperity

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Turn of the Century

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Fashion in 1900’s

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76,000,000 Americans in 46 states   (by the end of the decade.) Policeman arrests woman for smoking in public  $46,000,000+ in the U.S. treasury  8,000 cars - 10 miles of paved roads  1900 - Auto deaths 96; lynchings 115  San Francisco Earthquake took 700 lives and cost over $4,000,000 in damage.  Average worker made $12.98/week for 59 hours  Life expectancy: 47.3 female, 46.3 male - 33.0 blacks  Essay - Birth of the 20th Century

Sports in 1900’s

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Power Points done by Kris Mena 9First Football Team 1899 Sewanne Tigers

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1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings

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Wilson throwing out the first ball, opening day, 1916

Ping pong - invented in Britain in the 1890s it was an inexpensive mimic for lawn tennis, played by the rich

Placed their faith in progress, technology, & science

Rejected Laissez-faireProtestant moral valuesA new view of the purpose of government

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What did Progressives believe in

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Muckrakers

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Muckrakers

New Type of Journalism Muckrakers- Writers

of the Progressive Era, Investigative Journalism T Roosevelt nicknamed them.

McClure’s Cosmopolitan

Collier’s

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New Magazines of 1900’s

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Yellow JournalismSensational to

report a story.

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Joseph Pulitzer Pulitzer also used the New York World to advocate a ten-point program of reform.

Pulitzer continued to promote investigative reporting and in 1909 the New York World exposed a fraudulent payment of $40 million by the United States to the French Panama Canal Company. The federal government indicted Pulitzer for criminally libeling President Theodore Roosevelt and the banker John Pierpont Morgan. However, Pulitzer won an important victory for the freedom of the press when the courts dismissed the indictments.

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Joseph Pulitzer

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William R. Hearst

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Hearst Castle

Lincoln Steffens- “ Shame of the Cities

Writers in the Progressive Age

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Ida Trabell –”History of Standard Oil”

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Upton Sinclair –” The Jungle”

Important New Laws Pure Food and

Drug Act- forces manufactures to produce only a product that people know what’s in it.

Meat Inspection Act- allowed government to inspect meat.

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Frank Norris – “The Octopus”

Socialist Movement A political and

economic theory or system in which the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned by the community collectively, usually through the state .

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Americans rejected socialism, because Americans liked private ownership.

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Socialist Party of the US

Margaret Sanger

Her crusade to legalize birth control spurred the movement for women's liberation

Planned Parenthood Clinics.

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Alice Hamilton

She established the National American “Women Suffrage”

Wanted an amendment to the US Constitution.

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Carrie Chapman Catt

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Triangle Shirt Waist Fire 1911

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Commission System- Galveston Texas 1901. City manager plan-

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Progressives –Local Levels

Robert La Follette- Governor of Wisconsin

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Progressive –State Levels

Initiative- allows voters to introduce laws through petitions and to enact laws directly by a popular vote.

Referendum- citizens may approve or reject a proposed law or put an existing law to a vote.

Recall allowing voters to remove an official from office.

Direct Primary- party’s candidates are chosen by the voters instead of party membership.

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Progressives Reforms

Organic Simplicity Architect “Prairie Style” Structures should

blend in with natural surroundings.

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Frank Lloyd Wright

Wonderful Teddy Teddy Roosevelt

becomes US President after McKinley is assassinated.

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Teddy Roosevelt 1901 Youngest president

42 years old. First president to be

known by his initials Trust buster Receives the Nobel

Peace Prize. Began NCCA

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Teddy Roosevelt

“ Speak softly but carry a big stick” Bully was Roosevelt’s favorite word. “Square Deal” Roosevelt’s campaign slogan. Trustbuster- Nickname of Roosevelt. National Reclamation Act- restoration to

productivity of dry lands through irrigation. John Muir- Sierra Club Conservationist- TR was one of them.

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Teddy Roosevelt

Allowed interstate Commerce Commission to set rates for interstate trade.

Gave muscles to the ICC.

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Hepburn Act 1906

United Miner Workers lead by John L Lewis wanted”◦ Union recognition◦ Better wages◦ Less hours◦ Better working conditions◦ JP Morgan owned most of the Penn. coal mines.

Morgan would not meet with the strikers.◦ Roosevelt wanted the two sides to meet.

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Coal Strike of 1902

Arbitration- where two sides agree to meet to work out a problem. The middle person is usually the arbitrator. The progress is in arbitration.

President Roosevelt threaten JPMorgan that he would take over the mines themselves. . . . . .

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Arbitration

This trust was the first to be broken by the Sherman Anti Trust Act.

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Northern Securities Trust

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William Howard Taft He was named by TR

to become the next president of the US

Federal Judge Governor of the

Philippines His wife is responsible

for the cherry trees in DC

Supreme Court Chief Justice

William Howard Taft

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16 th amendment- provides for income tax

17 th amendment- provides for direct election of senators.

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William Howard Taft 1908

Never got anyone elected. Initiative, referendum, recall Direct Primary, direct election of senators 8 hour work day Women suffrage End to child labor Minimum wages Large corporation regulated.

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Progressive Party ( Bull Moose)

Election of 1912 William Howard

Taft- Republican Woodrow Wilson-

Democratic T. Roosevelt- Bull

Moose Party

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Woodrow Wilson 1912-1920

College President Governor of New

Jersey. Federal Reserve Act Underwood Tariff Clayton Anti-trust

Act Federal Trade

Commission

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Clayton Anti-Trust Act- freed unions from anti trust actions and barred interlocking directorates.

Underwood Tariff- tariff passed by Wilson lowest tariff since the Civil War.

Federal Reserve Act- The most important bill- set up the national’s bank.

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Wilson’s Bills

First Jewish person to seat on the Supreme Court

Anti-Semitic- anti Jewish

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Louis Brandeis

1. All ballots one color2. All candidates on one ballot.

3. Printed by government expenses,

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Australian Ballot

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Laissez-faire

Taft Wilson Sanger Brandeis Pultizer Recall Direct Primary TR The Jungle” Tarbell La Follette 17thAmendment

Socialism Du Bois Debs Coal Strike Pure Food & Drug 16th Amendment Muckrakers Election of 1912 Hearst NCAA Federal Reserve

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Chapter 9 Study Guide