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Chapter 8: The Spirit of Reform, 1828-1845. Section One:. The Age of Jackson. Flashback to Chapter 7…. John Q. Adams “stole” the election of 1824 from Jackson Adams accomplishes little because Congress is upset by his victory Jackson gets revenge by winning the election of 1828. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 8: The Spirit of Reform, 1828-1845
THE AGE OF JACKSON
Section One:
Flashback to Chapter 7…
John Q. Adams “stole” the election of 1824 from Jackson Adams
accomplishes little because Congress is upset by his victory
Jackson gets revenge by winning the election of 1828
The Age of Jackson
His inauguration was a first- page 266
A New Type of President
In the election of 1828- more people had voted than ever before
Everyday citizens connected with Jackson He was an orphan,
received little formal education, hard worker
How does he compare to previous presidents?
The Spoils System
The practice of appointing people to government jobs based on their party loyalty, friends and connections.
It rewarded those who supported him
Jackson thought it was more democratic- get more “everyday” people into government
What would be the pros and cons of this system?
Early Threats of Secession
South Carolina thought new tariffs were hindering the economy of the South
South Carolina threatened to secede (break away)
Solution: Federal government started to lower tariff rates, South Carolina does not secede
What would have happened if they did secede in 1833?
Westward Expansion
Slowly, the white people had been moving West
During this process, they encountered different native tribes
As more and more move west, what is the government to do with the natives?!?!
Even though Jackson wanted more involved in government, his thoughts did not expand to natives
Policies towards Native Americans
Early plans since the Louisiana Purchase was the move natives westMost Americans at this time never
thought the US would be coast to coast
Jackson created Indian Removal Act of 1830****See activity for information on this!
A New Political Party- the Whigs
Took their name from the Whig party in England
Supported:Larger federal
governmentIndustrial
development
Jackson’s Democrats Are Opposite
Democrats wanted:Less federal
governmentMore power to
statesMore power to
everyday people
The Election of 1836
Van Buren- a Democrat won
The Whigs were not organized enough to win
Van Buren accomplished little He did little to fix
The Economic Panic of 1837
We Have a Whig!!!
Whigs nominated William H. Harrison in the election of 1840
Slogan was “Tippecanoe and Tyler too!” after Harrison’s victory at Tippecanoe (War of 1812)
President of 32 Days
Harrison contracted pneumonia and died
Succession made John Tyler President Not a true Whig-
he was chosen to get Southern votes
He tended to lean Democrat
More on Tyler later on….
A CHANGING CULTURE
Section Two:
Change is Coming...
By mid-1800s, Americans began examining their
cultureChanges started
happening, politically, economically, socially
A New Wave of Immigrants
Coming from?
Why?
Impact on America?
Emergence of Nativism-
Religious Revival
The Great Awakening summary: pg. 108-109
Ideas of Second Great Awakening:
Impact on religion in America:
New Religions Emerge
Examples:
New Concepts in Literature
Romanticism:
Transcendentalism:
American Authors and their Works
Ralph Waldo Emerson:
Henry David Thoreau:
James Fennimore Cooper:
Nathaniel Hawthorne:
Edgar Allen Poe:
Emily Dickinson:
REFORMING SOCIETY
Section 3:
What Was Life Like in the 1800s?
Life in
1800s
Changes in…
TOPIC PEOPLE CHANGESDorothea Dix
TemperancePrison Reform
Horace Mann, Calvin WileyEmma Willard, Mary Lyon, Elizabeth Blackwell
True Womenhood
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
Section 4:
Definitions:
Gradualism: belief that slavery would slowly end on its own
Abolitionism: opposition to slavery
Early Opposition
By 1830s, a growing majority in the North supported the idea of gradualism
Felt country could not reach its potential if slavery existed
Early Antislavery Societies
American Colonization Society Bought land in West
Africa Created Liberia
(capital was Monrovia)
Only 12,000 free slaves moved there
Why would so few move?
Emergence of Abolitionists
Different from gradualists
Thought slaves should be freed immediately
Second Great Awakening supported it- thought slavery was an evil sin
Early Abolitionists
Several living in the North started to speak out against slaveryDavid WalkerWilliam Lloyd
Garrison
The Liberator
Garrison created a newspaper, called The Liberator
Harsh attacks on slaveryCalled for emancipation of all
enslaved peopleThis idea leads to creation of
American Antislavery SocietyBy mid 1830s- they had over 250,000
members
Frederick Douglass
Escaped slaveBrilliant
speaker- gave a public voice to the movement
Sojourner Truth
Gained freedom legally
Powerful public speaker
Response to Absolutism-In the North….
Some viewed abolitionism as a threat to the existing social structure
Some thought it would provoke a war between North and South
Some thought it would lead to a loss of jobs for whites
Some feared the collapse of the South’s economy and what that would mean for the North
Response to Absolutism-In the South….
Some thought it was vital to their way of life
Some felt that slavery made the economy thrive
Some thought that slave-owners were helping slaves have a better life
Some refused to have abolitionists’ voices heard
What Does All This Mean?
The country is splitting further and further apart on several major issues