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Learning Objectives:-We will learn about what happened between America and France in the XYZ Affair.-We will learn about why the Federalist Party split during John Adams’s presidency.-We will learn about the Alien and Sedition Acts and tell why the U.S. passed them.-We will learn about the surprise results of the 1800 election and tell how Congress fixed the problem.-We will learn about why Alexander Hamilton never became president.

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The Second PresidentSetting the Scene

John Adams is described as short, pudgy, outspoken, and short tempered. He always did what he thought was best for the country, not always what was most popular.

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The Second PresidentConflict with France

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The West Indies

FLORIDA

MEXICO

SOUTH AMERICA

So the French began doing what the British were doing, capturing our ships that were trading in the West Indies. The French hoped that we would have to negotiate a treaty with them as well.

The French did not like Jay’s Treaty. They felt that by the U.S. signing it, that they had made an alliance with Britain.

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John Adams sent diplomats to France to talk to the French government about respecting our Neutrality. Diplomats work for the President to help carry out his foreign policy. When the diplomats arrived, they were not allowed to talk to the French Foreign Minister. Instead they were met by French Agents.

DIPLOMATS

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Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

French agents


French Foreign Minister (like our Sec. of State)

American Diplomats X Y

Z

French Agents

We are here to talk to Mr.Talleyrand

about the neutralityof American ships!

Bon Jour… how can we help you?

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French Foreign Minister (like our Sec. of State)


Z

French Agents

Say what? Not asixpence!!! We areAmerican diplomats.

We do not deal in bribes.

Mr. Talleyrand is a verybusy man. If you couldperhaps give him somemoney, he may be able

to meet with you.

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I want $250,000 to talk to meand a promise of a $10 million

loan to France!

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Charles Maurice

de Talleyrand


Z French Agents

The Diplomats sent word back to President Adams who told Congress. The American people were very upset and insulted by the way they were being treated by France.

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VIDEO BREAK

ANIMATION BREAKhttp://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/tiger/Flash/history/XYZaffair.htm

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Newspapers printed political cartoons like this one.

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And this one...

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Millions for defense, but not one

cent for tribute!Down with

France!It’s time for war!

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Boycott French Fries!

President Adams wanted to follow Washington’s precedent and stay out of the war between Britain and France, but he could not ignore the insult, so he asked Congress to approve spending on the navy.

NeutralityProclamation

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The Second President Conflict with France

We are not prepared for war. We must stay neutral. But I can’t ignore this insult. Hmmm... I know… We will strengthen our navy to guard our ships against both the French and the British.

FRIGATES = Fast moving ships with many guns.

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The Second PresidentThe Federalist Party Splits

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President

Adams

Alexander

Hamilto

n

War with France would bea blow to the Dem.-Reps.That would show Jefferson

who our real tradingpartners are!

NO! It’s our chance to crush the Dem.-Reps. and their French allies. To WAR!

We must stay neutral!

I am sending diplomats back toFrance to renegotiate our neutrality!

But that’s not what’s best for the country.

It is what the Federalist Party needs. You are not a true Federalist.

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Talleyrand

American Diplomats

The young new leader of France, Napoleon Bonaparte was too busy planning to conquer all of Europe, so he agreed to leave the U.S. trading ships alone.

We are asking France torespect our neutrality and our right to trade. (and our new frigates!)

Oui… Iagree to stopseizing your

ships.

But I am busy tryingto conquer Europe,we will take care ofthe Americans later.Besides, did you see

those frigates?

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You do not needto negotiate with

the Americans, theyare weak!


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The Second PresidentAlien and Sedition Acts

Alien Act

This says any alien (foreigner) can be kicked

out of the country if the President thinks

they are dangerous. Immigrants must

now wait 14 years to become a citizen and

to vote. Opponents argued that this violates the 5th and 6th amendments rights to a fair trial / innocent until proven guilty. Democratic-Republicans disliked this law because many of their supporters were immigrants who were waiting to become citizens. This meant they would have less voting supporters in the next election. This was America’s first immigration law in a nation of immigrants.

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Sedition Act

A citizen could be fined or jailed for criticizing the government or its officials in a way that could be seen as stirring up a rebellion against the government. Under this law, citizens, newspaper editors, and even Congressmen were fined and put in jail for expressing their opinions. Opponents argued that this took away the 1st Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

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Alien and

Sedition Acts

“They have brought into the lower house a sedition bill,which….undertakes to make printing certain matterscriminal…. Indeed this bill & the alien bill both are so

against the Constitution as to show they mean to pay norespect to it.”

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The Second PresidentThe Rights of States

“I feel that states should have the right to nullify or cancel any law that they feel is unconstitutional. If the federal

government only has those powers listed in the Constitution,then the power to declare a law unconstitutional must belong to the states. Each state has an equal right to judge for itself

whether a law is unconstitutional.

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ThomasJefferson

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Kentucky

Virginia

VS.

The Federal Government

“I feel that states should have the right to nullify or cancel any law that they feel is unconstitutional. If the federal

government only has those powers listed in the Constitution,then the power to declare a law unconstitutional must belong to the states. Each state has an equal right to judge for itself

whether a law is unconstitutional.

Kentucky

Virginia

VS.

The Federal Govt.

Kentucky and Virginia each passed a resolution refusing to carry out the Alien and Sedition acts within their state borders. It was never tested in court because the laws were eventually changed.

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Kentucky

Virginia

VS.

The Federal Government

?

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The Second PresidentThe Election of 1800

JEFFERSON /BURR VS. ADAMS/PINCKNEYDifferent Pinckney… Charles C. Pinckney this

time.

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JEFFERSON /BURR VS. ADAMS/PINCKNEYDifferent Pinckney… Charles C. Pinckney this

time.

The Election of 1800

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

THOMAS JEFFERSON

AARON BURR

FEDERALISTS

JOHN ADAMS

CHARLES C. PINCKNEY

This time, there was a tie between Jefferson and Burr in the electoral college results. Each candidate received 73 votes. John Adams received only 65 votes and Pinckney 64 with one vote going to John Jay who also ran as a Federalist.

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The Election of 1800

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

THOMAS JEFFERSON

AARON BURR

FEDERALISTS

JOHN ADAMS

CHARLES C. PINCKNEY

Because of the tie, the House of Representatives had to vote to choose the president. It took 36 votes and four days to break a tie in the House of Representatives and elect Thomas Jefferson as the 3rd president of the United States.

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12th Amendment

Electors in the Electoral College will

vote for president and vice president

separately. The president will be the

person who has a MAJORITY of the total

electoral votes.

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The Second PresidentThe Federalist Era Ends

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Chapter 9 section 4