Chapter NineChapter NineNetWare-Based NetWare-Based

NetworkingNetworking

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify the advantages of using the NetWare Identify the advantages of using the NetWare network operating systemnetwork operating systemDescribe NetWare’s server hardware requirementsDescribe NetWare’s server hardware requirementsDescribe Netware’s memory, directory structure, Describe Netware’s memory, directory structure, and file system architecturesand file system architecturesPlan for and perform a simple NetWare server Plan for and perform a simple NetWare server installationinstallationExplain how NetWare integrates with other Explain how NetWare integrates with other networking operating systemsnetworking operating systems

Introduction to NetWareIntroduction to NetWare

In 1983, Novell introduced its NetWare network In 1983, Novell introduced its NetWare network operating systemoperating system Versions 3.1 and 3.11—collectively known as Versions 3.1 and 3.11—collectively known as

NetWare 3.xNetWare 3.x—were introduced in the early 1990s—were introduced in the early 1990s Versions 4.0, 4.1, and 4.11—collectively known as Versions 4.0, 4.1, and 4.11—collectively known as

NetWare 4.xNetWare 4.x—were introduced in the mid-1990s—were introduced in the mid-1990sNetWare 4.11 is sometimes referred to as NetWare 4.11 is sometimes referred to as IntraNetWareIntraNetWare

In 1998, Novell released version 5.0, and since has In 1998, Novell released version 5.0, and since has released versions 5.1 and 5.11—collectively known released versions 5.1 and 5.11—collectively known as as NetWare 5.xNetWare 5.x

Why Choose NetWare?Why Choose NetWare?

Questions to ask when selecting a network Questions to ask when selecting a network operating system:operating system: Can it be integrated with existing Can it be integrated with existing

infrastructure?infrastructure? Will it provide the security required by the Will it provide the security required by the

network’s resources?network’s resources? Can the technical staff manage it effectively?Can the technical staff manage it effectively? Will existing applications run smoothly on it?Will existing applications run smoothly on it?

Why Choose NetWare?Why Choose NetWare?

Questions to ask when selecting a network Questions to ask when selecting a network operating system (cont.):operating system (cont.): Will it accommodate future growth (that is, Will it accommodate future growth (that is,

is it scalable)?is it scalable)? Does it support additional services the Does it support additional services the

network’s users require?network’s users require? How much does it cost?How much does it cost? What type of support can be expected from What type of support can be expected from

the vendor?the vendor?

NetWare Server HardwareNetWare Server Hardware

Table 9-1: Minimum hardware

requirements for NetWare 4.x and 5.0

servers

Determining the Optimal Determining the Optimal Hardware for a ServerHardware for a Server

How many clients will connect to the server?How many clients will connect to the server?What kind of applications will run on the What kind of applications will run on the server? Does the server meet the server? Does the server meet the requirements of the applications which it will requirements of the applications which it will run?run?How much storage space will each user How much storage space will each user need? Sharing files or applications?need? Sharing files or applications?How much down time is acceptable?How much down time is acceptable?What can the organization afford?What can the organization afford?

Determining the Optimal Determining the Optimal Hardware for a ServerHardware for a Server

When considering NetWare, note the number When considering NetWare, note the number of of NetWare loadable modules (NLMs)NetWare loadable modules (NLMs) used by each serviceused by each service NLMs are routines that enable the server to run a NLMs are routines that enable the server to run a

range of programs and offer a variety of servicesrange of programs and offer a variety of services Each NLM consumes some of the server’s Each NLM consumes some of the server’s

memory and processor resources (at least memory and processor resources (at least temporarily)temporarily)

A Closer Look at the NetWare A Closer Look at the NetWare Operating SystemOperating System

MultiprocessingMultiprocessing In versions 4.x and higher, NetWare supports In versions 4.x and higher, NetWare supports

the use of as many as 32 processors on one the use of as many as 32 processors on one serverserver

Takes advantage of symmetric Takes advantage of symmetric multiprocessingmultiprocessing

To use NetWare 5.x’s multiprocessing To use NetWare 5.x’s multiprocessing capabilities, simply install multiple processors capabilities, simply install multiple processors in the serverin the server

NetWare’s Memory ModelNetWare’s Memory Model

Whereas NetWare 4.x can use only physical Whereas NetWare 4.x can use only physical memory, NetWare 5.x can work with both memory, NetWare 5.x can work with both virtual memory and physical memoryvirtual memory and physical memory Protected modeProtected mode

A manner in which NetWare runs services in a A manner in which NetWare runs services in a separate memory area from the operating systemseparate memory area from the operating system

CachingCachingProcess of saving frequently-used data to an area of Process of saving frequently-used data to an area of the physical memory where it will be readily available the physical memory where it will be readily available for future purposesfor future purposes

The Kernel and Console The Kernel and Console OperationsOperations

KernelKernel Core of the operating systemCore of the operating system

Server consoleServer console Network administrator’s primary interface to a Network administrator’s primary interface to a

NetWare serverNetWare server

MonitorMonitor NLM that enables the system administrator to NLM that enables the system administrator to

view server parameters such as protocols, view server parameters such as protocols, bindings, system resources, and loaded modulesbindings, system resources, and loaded modules

The Kernel and Console The Kernel and Console OperationsOperations

Figure 9-1: NetWare

console screen at the Monitor

menu

The NetWare File SystemThe NetWare File System

NetWare does not allow you to specify the NetWare does not allow you to specify the file system types in the same way that file system types in the same way that Windows 2000 doesWindows 2000 does It does offer its own high-performance file It does offer its own high-performance file

system that supports DOS, Macintosh, UNIX, system that supports DOS, Macintosh, UNIX, OS/2, and WindowsOS/2, and Windows

CompressionCompression

NetWare 4.x and 5.x both support file NetWare 4.x and 5.x both support file compressioncompressionIn both NetWare 4.x and 5.x, unless the In both NetWare 4.x and 5.x, unless the network administrator specifically chooses to network administrator specifically chooses to prevent compression, compression on the prevent compression, compression on the server is enabled automaticallyserver is enabled automaticallyCompression does increase file access time Compression does increase file access time slightly; for this reason it is not recommended slightly; for this reason it is not recommended for extremely large filesfor extremely large files

Block SuballocationBlock Suballocation

Technique for using hard disk space more Technique for using hard disk space more efficientlyefficiently BlockBlock

Unit of disk spaceUnit of disk space

Figure 9-2: Block

suballocation

NetWare Directory Services (NDS)NetWare Directory Services (NDS)

Provides a system for managing multiple servers Provides a system for managing multiple servers and their resourcesand their resources NDS treeNDS tree

The logical representation of resources in a NetWare enterpriseThe logical representation of resources in a NetWare enterprise

Figure 9-3: Simple NDS tree

NetWare Directory Services (NDS)NetWare Directory Services (NDS)

Container ObjectsContainer Objects Hierarchical Hierarchical

arrangement of arrangement of branchesbranches

Also called Also called organizational organizational unitsunits

Figure 9-4: Two ways of grouping objects in an NDS tree

NetWare Directory Services (NDS)NetWare Directory Services (NDS)

Figure 9-5: More complex NDS tree

ContextContext

Can be envisioned as a kind of road map Can be envisioned as a kind of road map for finding an object in an NDS treefor finding an object in an NDS treeConsists of an object’s organizational unit Consists of an object’s organizational unit names plus the organization namenames plus the organization nameMay be expressed in typeful or typeless May be expressed in typeful or typeless notationnotation

ContextContext

Typeful notationTypeful notation Way of denoting an object’s context in which Way of denoting an object’s context in which

the Organization and Organizational Unit the Organization and Organizational Unit designators are includeddesignators are included

Typeless notationTypeless notation Way of denoting an object’s context in which Way of denoting an object’s context in which

the Organization and Organizational Unit the Organization and Organizational Unit designators are omitteddesignators are omitted

NetWare Administrator UtilityNetWare Administrator Utility(NWAdmin)(NWAdmin)

Figure 9-6: An NWAdmin interface

Planning for InstallationPlanning for Installation

Where does the server fit in the NDS tree?Where does the server fit in the NDS tree?What name will the server have?What name will the server have?How many and what kinds of network adapter How many and what kinds of network adapter cards will the server use? What type of disk cards will the server use? What type of disk controllers?controllers?What protocols and network services should What protocols and network services should the server use?the server use?Do you want to enable compression and/or Do you want to enable compression and/or block sub-allocation?block sub-allocation?

Planning for InstallationPlanning for Installation

How many, how large, and what kind of volumes How many, how large, and what kind of volumes will the server require?will the server require?What additional services will the server support?What additional services will the server support? In a In a simple installationsimple installation, the most popular , the most popular

installation options are already choseninstallation options are already chosen In In custom installationcustom installation, it’s possible to determine , it’s possible to determine

which services and programs are installedwhich services and programs are installed

What kind of license do I have?What kind of license do I have?How can I remember all of this information?How can I remember all of this information?

The Installation ProcessThe Installation Process

NetWare can be installed from:NetWare can be installed from: CD (most popular method)CD (most popular method) Floppy disks (not recommended)Floppy disks (not recommended) Another server on the networkAnother server on the network

This process is called an “over-the-wire” This process is called an “over-the-wire” installationinstallation

The Installation ProcessThe Installation Process

After performing a NetWare 5.x installation After performing a NetWare 5.x installation and restarting the machine, your server and restarting the machine, your server should be functionalshould be functionalAfter installing a NetWare server, verify After installing a NetWare server, verify that you can log on to that server as that you can log on to that server as administrator from a Windows 2000 or administrator from a Windows 2000 or Windows 9x workstation using the Novell Windows 9x workstation using the Novell Client for NetWareClient for NetWare

Using the NetWare Administrator Using the NetWare Administrator Utility (NWAdmin)Utility (NWAdmin)

To make you server functional, you will To make you server functional, you will need to add users and other objects to the need to add users and other objects to the NDS treeNDS treeAfter adding objects, you may want to After adding objects, you may want to modify their properties or even delete modify their properties or even delete themthemAn important tool in NetWare server An important tool in NetWare server management is the NetWare Administrator management is the NetWare Administrator utility (NWAdmin)utility (NWAdmin)

Using the NetWare Administrator Using the NetWare Administrator Utility (NWAdmin)Utility (NWAdmin)

Figure 9-7: NetWare Administrator window

NWAdminNWAdmin

Using the NetWare Administrator Using the NetWare Administrator Utility (NWAdmin)Utility (NWAdmin)

Figure 9-8: Create User dialog box

Using the NetWare Administrator Using the NetWare Administrator Utility (NWAdmin)Utility (NWAdmin)

If you choose to establish a user’s home If you choose to establish a user’s home directory when creating that user ID, that directory when creating that user ID, that user will have all rights to his or her home user will have all rights to his or her home directory by defaultdirectory by defaultAs a result, you do not have to assign As a result, you do not have to assign Read, Write, Erase, or other rights for the Read, Write, Erase, or other rights for the user’s home directory lateruser’s home directory later

Using the NetWare Administrator Using the NetWare Administrator Utility (NWAdmin)Utility (NWAdmin)

After you have created NDS objects, you After you have created NDS objects, you may want to change their propertiesmay want to change their propertiesTo view or change the properties of any To view or change the properties of any leaf object:leaf object: Right-click the object in the treeRight-click the object in the tree Choose Details from the menu that appearsChoose Details from the menu that appears

Using the NetWare Administrator Using the NetWare Administrator Utility (NWAdmin)Utility (NWAdmin)FIGURE 9-9

Password Restrictions

window

Internetworking with Other Operating Internetworking with Other Operating SystemsSystems

NDS eDirectoryNDS eDirectory Works with NetWare 5.x operating systems Works with NetWare 5.x operating systems

and Windows NT or 2000 servers to enable and Windows NT or 2000 servers to enable Windows domains to appear as container Windows domains to appear as container objects in NWAdminobjects in NWAdmin

Provides a simple solution to a network Provides a simple solution to a network administrator's challenge of integrating administrator's challenge of integrating Windows 2000 and NetWareWindows 2000 and NetWare

Internetworking with Other Operating Internetworking with Other Operating SystemsSystems

On the client side, Novell provides client On the client side, Novell provides client software designed specifically for:software designed specifically for: Windows 2000Windows 2000 Windows NTWindows NT Windows 9xWindows 9x OS/2OS/2 MacintoshMacintosh UNIXUNIX

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

Currently, several versions of NetWare existCurrently, several versions of NetWare existBoth NetWare 4.x and 5.x use NDSBoth NetWare 4.x and 5.x use NDSNetWare is optimal for file and print sharingNetWare is optimal for file and print sharingNetWare offers native interoperability solutions NetWare offers native interoperability solutions for Macintosh, DOS, Windows, OS/2, and for Macintosh, DOS, Windows, OS/2, and UNIX-based systemsUNIX-based systemsNetWare may not fit organizations that rely NetWare may not fit organizations that rely heavily on Microsoft technologiesheavily on Microsoft technologies

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

To determine the NetWare server’s requirements, To determine the NetWare server’s requirements, consider the number of (NLMs) used by each consider the number of (NLMs) used by each serviceserviceAdd components to a NetWare server to enhance Add components to a NetWare server to enhance its fault tolerance and performanceits fault tolerance and performanceIn versions 4.x and higher, NetWare supports up In versions 4.x and higher, NetWare supports up to 32 processors on one server and uses to 32 processors on one server and uses symmetric multiprocessingsymmetric multiprocessingWhereas NetWare4.x can use only physical Whereas NetWare4.x can use only physical memory, NetWare 5.0 can use both physical and memory, NetWare 5.0 can use both physical and virtual memoryvirtual memory

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

The network administrator’s primary interface The network administrator’s primary interface to a NetWare server is the server consoleto a NetWare server is the server consoleNetWare uses volumes as the basis for NetWare uses volumes as the basis for organizing files and directories on the serverorganizing files and directories on the serverNetWare 4.x and 5.x both support file NetWare 4.x and 5.x both support file compressioncompressionBlock suballocation is a technique employed Block suballocation is a technique employed by NetWare for using hard disk space more by NetWare for using hard disk space more efficientlyefficientlyA major development that Novell introduced A major development that Novell introduced with version 4.0 is NDSwith version 4.0 is NDS

Chapter SummaryChapter Summary

Before inserting the NetWare CD for installation Before inserting the NetWare CD for installation of the operating system, consider the hardware of the operating system, consider the hardware and software requirements for Novell and any and software requirements for Novell and any other softwareother softwareNWAdmin is a graphical interface that runs NWAdmin is a graphical interface that runs from a Windows workstation and enables from a Windows workstation and enables network administrators to manage NDS objectsnetwork administrators to manage NDS objectsThe NDS eDirectory tool enables Windows The NDS eDirectory tool enables Windows 2000 domains to appear as container objects in 2000 domains to appear as container objects in NWAdminNWAdmin