Chapter Outline Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period

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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917II. Revolutions in Russia: 1928-39III. FascismIV. Italy and MussoliniV. The German TragedyVI. Japan

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins


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I. Revolutions in Russia: 1917

A. The 1917 Revolution

Petrograd, strikes

Tsar Nicholas IIdismisses Duma, March 11

Duma> Provisional Committee

(Provisional Government)

Tsar, abdicates, March 15

Leon Trotsky

Mensheviks

Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970)Provisional Government



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B. The “Bolshevik” Revolution

1917, Lenin returns

General Lavr Kornilov

March-October, 1917chaos

Military Revolution, November 6

Trotsky in



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C. Power, Allies and Civil War

Constituent AssemblyJanuary, 1918Lenin dissolves

“Whites”anti-Bolsheviks

> Civil WarRed ArmyCheka

secret police

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

RomanovsJuly, 1918assassinated

by 1920, Whites defeated



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D. Theory, Reality and the StateLenin

proletariat

StateRussian Socialist Federated Soviet

Republic1922- Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics

Politburo

Secretariat of the Central Committee

E. War Communism and the NEP1918-21 — “War Communism”

Marxist1921-1928 — New Economic Policy

F. Trotsky v. Stalin

Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)(Lev Davidovich Bronstein)Iskra

Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)(Joseph Vissarionovich

Dzhugashvili)apparatchiksLeninism, from 1924

1926 — Politburo purgedTrotsky assassinated in exile,

1940



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II. Revolutions in Russia: 1928-39A. Stalin’s Economics

Collectivization of agricultureFive-year plans

B. War on the Peasantssovkhoz — state farmskolkhoz — collective farms

C. Five-Year Plans1929 — First

industrialization1933 — Second

gigantism

D. The Great Purges

E. Changes in Soviet SocietyAlexander Blok (1880-1921)Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930)Sergei Eisenstein (1898-1948)Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75)



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III. FascismA. Justifications

Social DarwinismHerbert Spencer (1820-1903)Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau

(1816-82)

Anglo-Saxon Movement

Pan-Germanic League

B. Modern Anti-Semitism

Heinrich von Treitschke (1834-96)

Pogroms

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

Theodor HerzlZionism1897 — Zionists conference

C. The End of Rationality

Benedetto CroceFriedrich Nietzche (1844-1900)

UbermenschGeorges Sorel (1847-1922)Houston Stewart Chamberlain

(1855-1927)Aryanism



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IV. Italy and MussoliniA. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

1912, editor of Avantipublishes Il Pòpolo d’Italiafasci di combattimento

B. Rise of FascismGabriele d’Annunzio (1863-1938)

1921 elections35 seats

> National Fascist Party, November

1922 — General Strikestopped by Mussolini

Victor Emmanuel IIIinvites Mussolini to form cabinetMussolini takes over

C. The Fascist State1928 — Lateran TreatyState capitalism

syndicates



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V. The German TragedyA. The Weimar Republic

November, 1918Friederich Ebert, Social Democrats

German Communist Party, 1918from SpartacistsKarl LiebknechtRosa Luxemburg

1919 — Weimar ConstitutionField Marshal Paul von Hindenburg

1925 — President

B. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)1920 — National Socialist German

Workers’ artyfrom German Workers’ partySturmabteilung (SA)adopt swastika

1923 — Hitler’s PutscharrestedMein Kampf



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V. The German TragedyC. Hitler’s Chance

Fuhrer1930 Elections

Nazi’s, 107 seatsJoseph Goebbels, propaganda

1932 — Hindenburg presidentHitler in coalition government

1933 — Hitler chancellorcalls for new electionsFebruary 27 — Reichstag Fire

Marinus van der Lubbe> Hitler wins

Enabling Actrule by decreeend of Weimar Republic

“Third Reich”Otto I— 962-1806Bismarck — 1871-1918

D. War on the Jews1935 — Nuremberg laws

November 9, 1938 — Kristallnacht

E. The Nazi ImpactGerman Youth

F. EconomyLabor Front“Strength Through Joy”

movement



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VI. JapanA. After World War I

ero/guro/nonsense

Yosano AkikoYoshino Sakuz oHiratsuka RaichoTanizaki Jun’ichiroAkutagawa Ryonosake

Rashomon

Rice Riots

Zaibatsu

Taisho Demokurashii, 1905-1930Emperor Taisho (1912-

26)

B. Interwar Foreign PolicyManchuria

by 1932, Japan controls

Economic Crisis1923 — earthquake1929 — international

depression> Keynesianism

C. The Rise of Militarism1936 — Anti-Comintern Pact

GermanyItaly (1937)v. USSR

1940 — Tripartite Pactv. U.S.



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Third Reich’s Tourist Information Office Map

Documents

Chapter Outline Chapter 28: The USSR, Italy, Germany and Japan in the Interwar Period ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past