Slide 1

1st Semester Exam -

Chapters 1- 7

A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a

mid-ocean ridge.

rift valley.

deep-ocean trench.

mountain range.

According to Wegeners hypothesis of continental drift,

a.Earths surface is made up of seven major landmasses.

b.the continents do not move.

c.Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking.

d.the continents were once joined together in a single landmass.

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

a.observing.

c.predicting.

b.inferring.

d.classifying.

The geological theory that states that pieces of Earths lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of

subduction.

deep-ocean trenches.

plate tectonics.

sea-floor spreading.

Which of the following is an example of a scientific law?

a.All cells are produced from other cells.

b.All objects in the universe attract each other.

c.All substances are composed of tiny particles called atoms.

d.Mass can be converted into energy and energy can be converted into mass.

Why are line graphs said to be powerful tools?

a.They are easier to make than bar graphs.

b.They show how different sets of data are related.

c.They give more information than bar graphs.

d.They can show both numerical and categorical data.

The metric system of measurement is based on the number

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earths layers?

a.crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b.mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c.crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d.outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

What patterns do seismograph data reveal?

A. The data reveals the amount of damage the earthquake made.

B. The data reveals where earthquakes have occurred around the world.

C. The data reveals whether it is a Pwave, Swave, or surface wave.

D. The data reveals if the earthquake will continue to happen or if it will stop.

The fossil record shows that life on Earth has changed over time. For example, paleontologists have found that older rocks contain fossils of

a.organisms that are more complex than those alive today.

b.both simple and complex organisms.

c.only organisms that are alive today.

d.simpler organisms.

The difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake is

A. The focus is on the surface and the epicenter is beneath the earth.

B. The epicenter is the shock felt after the reverse fault is felt.

C. The epicenter is directly above the focus and the focus is where the stress on the rock layers are and it starts to break apart.

D. The focus is where seismograph stations calculate the intensity of the earthquake and the epicenter is where the rock starts to break apart.

A type of organism that no longer exists on Earth is said to be

fossilized.

extinct.

sedimentary.

petrified.

What are fossils?

a.molds and casts of organisms that live today

b.drawings of ancient animals and other organisms

c.footprints or burrows of small animals that live today

d.the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

. In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

a.along the edges of all the continents.

b.along mid-ocean ridges.

c.in deep-ocean trenches.

d.at the north and south poles.

Shearing creates ____________________ faults, like the San Andreas fault in California.

Strike Slip Faults

The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is

a.compaction.

c.deposition.

b.cementation.

d.erosion.

What principle states that the geologic processes that change Earth today also changed Earth in the past?

a.uniformitarianism

c.superposition

b.evolution

d.erosion

A seismograph uses a _______________ to record the drums vibrations.

Pen

The seismic waves that travel along Earths surface and produce the most severe ground movements are called ____________________.

Surface Waves

A series of processes on Earths surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another is called

a.erosion.

c.the rock cycle.

b.crystallization.

d.evaporation.

Strike Slip Fault

What Causes the stresses in B?

Compression

_____________________ result from the stresses being applied to the rock layers?

Reverse Faults

The squeezing together of rocks by stress is called___________.

Compression

The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called

a.S waves.

c.Surface waves.

b.P waves.

d.Mercalli waves.

strike-slip fault

In a _____________, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways.

Anticline

An upward fold in a rock is called a.

The rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake is called the

a.Richter scale.

b.moment magnitude scale.

c.mechanical seismograph scale.

d.Mercalli scale.

The block of rock that lies above a fault is called the ____________________.

hanging wall

The stress force that pulls on the crust where two plates are moving apart is called ____________________.

tension

A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results is called a

a.scientific law.

c.scientific hypothesis.

b.scientific inquiry.

d.scientific theory

P Waves

When an earthquake occurs, _________are the first seismic waves to arrive at a given location.

A group of parts that work together is called a

a.technology.

c.process.

b.system.

d.feedback.

True or False??

With the range of data available, geologists cannot predict exactly where and when earthquakes will occur.

In a home central heating system, when the room temperature measured by the thermostat reaches a set value, the thermostat switches off the heater. This action by the thermostat is an example of

a.a model.

c.input.

b.feedback.

d.a process.

A scientific hypothesis must be

a.correct.

c.able to be controlled.

b.able to be manipulated.

d.able to be tested.

focus

The point beneath Earths surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is called the

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a

syncline.

canyon.

plateau

fault.

Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?

Compression

A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is called a(n)

anticline

plateau.

syncline.

canyon.

If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?

a.It is dormant.

b.It is probably about to erupt.

c.It is extinct.

d.It is a good source of geothermal energy

In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little

noise.

up-or-down motion.

shaking.

movement.

The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a

a. lava plateau

caldera.

cinder cone

d. shield volcano.

In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the

hanging wall.

footwall.

reverse fault.

anticline.

Heat and pressure deep beneath Earths surface can change any rock into

a.chemical rock.

c.metamorphic rock.

b.gemstones.

d.sedimentary rock.

In which location would you most likely find volcanoes?

a.far from plate boundaries

b.along transform boundaries

c.where two continental plates collide

d.along mid-ocean ridges and where a plate is subducted

Which of the following can cause damage days or months after a large earthquake?

the arrival of surface waves

a tsunami

convection

an aftershock

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called

shearing.

compression.

tension

deformation.

What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface?

dissolved gases trapped in the magma