Charles I

(1600-1649)

Early Years

Born: 19 November 1600, at Fife, Scotland

Parents: James I and Anne of Denmark

As a child: - weakness - slow physical development - stammer

1625: became King of England, Scotland and Ireland

In 1611

Petition of Right

•1628

• important rule of the government

• Charles promised: - would raise money by act of Parliament - wouldn’t imprison anyone without lawful reason

Eleven Year Tyranny

1629-1640: Charles ruled without the Parliament

-trade and commerce grew

- budgets balancing

- good administrations

- peace with Spain and France

- Royal Navy

Troubles with the PuritansPuritans: wanted a democratic Church and to remove the Anglican

bishops

Married: Henrietta Maria became unpopular

William Laud: tried to make the Scottish Church like the English Church

national resistance

Henrietta Maria

William Laud

Scottish Rebellion• Spring 1638: a Scottish army rebelled against Charles

• weak English army pay money to make the Scots return home money from the Parliament

• 13 April 1640: the Short Parliament refused the king’s demands

• 24 September 1640: the Long Parliament was called together

Triennial Act: the Parliament had to meet at least once every three years

Irish Rebellion 1641: Irish rebelled against the Protestant English and Scottish settlers

3000 people were killed

Civil War1642: the Civil War had started

King Parliament

Royalists(Cavaliers)

Parliamentarians (Roundheads)

north and west east and southeast

more supporters and money

less supporters and money

Civil War

October 1642: Edge Hill

June 1643:Adwalton Moor

July 1644:Marston Moor

June 1645:Naseby

Civil War

• 1645: Oliver Cromwell and his advisers captured Charles

• Charles continued to encourage the Scots to rebel against the Parliamentarian army

Charles was found guilty of making war against his kingdom and the Parliament

Oliver Cromwell

The execution

31 January 1649:Charles was executed outside theBanqueting House at Whitehall

Videos

Horrible Histories – King Charles I’s Funeral

Horrible Histories – The Civil War Song