Chatter Beyond the Fringe by Robert Ing

8/8/2019 Chatter Beyond the Fringe by Robert Ing

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Fbr Wrmvomw & Wrbhbtoba Ba`y Abt fbr Zi`m www.nrrbemrtoad.jbh

Brnmr tcos ebbk frbh www.ouaovmrsm.jbh


2/22



JCI^^MU EM_BAN ^CM FUOADM

Ubemrt Oad, NZj, N@ott, FIWZj

ZWMJOI@ WUMVOMT FBUHI^


3/22



Nr. Ubemrt Oad os i rmi` òfm Fbrmasoj Oatm`òdmajm Zpmjoiòst. Fbr bvmr 57 ymirs cos survovi`

ian sujjmss oa cos prbfmssoba cis emma tcm rmsu`t bf cos ieoòty tb jut tb tcm jcism ian tikm

tcm pbòtoji``y oajbrrmjt rbin bf iskoad ian jbatmhpìtoad tcm cirn bptobas. Cm os i hia

tcit jbasonmrs tcm uatcoakie`m wcmtcmr ot em prmpiroad fbr nosistmr br emoad ia invosbr oa iaoajonmat oavmstoditoba.

I rmduìr`y fmiturmn dumst ba hbst hilbr Abrtc Ihmrojia amws amtwbrks, cbst bf

smvmri` pueòj tm`mvosoba spmjoi`s ian cos bwa jurrmat mvmats prbdrih, ot os vmry noffoju`t fbr

iay tm`mvosoba vomwmr abt tb smm cos fijm ian wbanmr wcmrm tcmy cin smma coh emfbrm.

Cm bffmrs tcos bvmrvomw bf tcos, cos 9:tcebbk==3?-3 (pek)

OZEA< ?43-7-=?=-6?39?-6 (j btc)

OZEA< ?43-7-=?=-3?3?7-? (mek)

Wroatmn oa tcm ]aotmn Ztitms bf Ihmroji


6/22



Ba 6 Liauiry SSSVO I.Z., scmmp oa tcm rmdiòi bf dbits sit tb cmir tcm pmtotobas bf

belmjtoba ba emci`f bf pmbp`m smmkoad lustojm ian tcm upcb`noad bf tcm jbastotutobai` rodcts

bf mvmry jotozma tb nmhbjrijy. ^cm scmmp oa dbits rmdiòi wmrm nmif wotc tcmor bwa

prmtmatobusamss ian non abt stian, abt i soad`m bam eut i`` ìy nbwa is scmmp u`tohitm`y nb.

^cos hirkmn tcm trum emdoaaoad bf tcm man bf tcm drmitmst syheb` bf nmhbjrijy tcm wbr`n

cin mvmr kabwa ian tcm mrbsoba bf frmmnbh fbr cmr pmbp`m.


7/22



JCI^^MU EM_BAN ^CM FUOADM

Ubemrt Oad, NZj, N@ott, FIWZj

Jcittmr< [Oatm`òdmajm mrhX I tmrh usmn tb nmsjroem vbojm br niti triashossoba

ijtovoty ba i jbhhuaojitoba òam br jciaam` uanmr survmo`ìajm.

Froadm< [Oatm`òdmajm mrhX Ia irmi butsonm bf tcm tirdmt survmo`ìajm irmi tcit jia

em hbaotbrmn, bvmrcmirn, br besmrvmn.


8/22



ABÔJM ^B ^CM UMINMU

^cm fb``bwoad jciptmrs irm eismn ba tcm prbfmssobai` mxpmromajms ian jisms bf Nr. Ubemrt

Oad. ^cm ijjbuats rmprmsmatmn civm emma nrihitozmn ian tcm nitms, aihms, brdiaozitobas,

idmajoms ian `bjitobas civm emma jciadmn. Jcirijtmrs pbrtriymn oa tcmsm ijjbuats nb abt

amjmssiro`y rmprmsmat iay oanovonui` motcmr òvoad br nmin. ^cm ijjbuats oa tcos ebbk nb abt

vobìtm iay aba-nosj`bsurm idrmmhmats, br bitcs bf smjrmjy matmrmn oatb ey tcm iutcbr wotc

iay oanovonui`, jbrpbritoba, sbvmrmoda aitoba, dbvmrahmat br btcmr `mdi` matoty. mjcaoji`

nmtio`s rmprmsmatmn oa tcmsm ijjbuats irm fbr oafbrhitobai eijkdrbuan purpbsms ba`y ian

ìjk suffojomat spmjofojitoba fbr mxmjutoba. cm iutcbr, pueòscmr, tcmor idmats ian

nostroeutbrs wo`` abt em cm`n òie`m br ijjbuatie`m fbr tcm usm br hosusm bf oafbrhitoba

jbatioamn oa tcos ebbk.


9/22



JCIW^MU 9

^cm Eromfoad< I ZO^]IÔBA UMWBU^ (ZotUmp), MZZI_ IAN WMUZBAI@ UIA^

Ot os fir emttmr fbr hm tb tikm i stian, sb tcit ybu hiy kabw tcm hia O tru`y ih tcia tb

sohp`y sot quomt`y ba hy cians

- Ubemrt Oad

Tm`jbhm tb tcm eromfoad. O ipprmjoitm tcm fijt tcit ybu nmjonmn tb sot oa tbniy. Zbhm bf

tcm tcoads wm irm dboad tb nosjuss cmrm irm abt hmiat tb em tikma pmrsbai``y eut ritcmr irmsohp`y besmrvitobas bf noffmrmat sotuitobas. ^cmsm besmrvitobas irm eismn ba oafbrhitoba

tcit cis emma ditcmrmn, iai`yzmn ian fo`tmrmn bvmr ia mxtmanmn pmrobn bf tohm, tb tcm

pboat, wm``, tcit tcmy hiy mvma dovm tcm vmammr bf emoad suelmjtovm besmrvitobas. Eut wmebtc kabw emttmr, br nbat wm2

Hy eusoamss os fbrmasoj oatm`òdmajm ian O civm emma it ot fbr hbrm tcia 57 ymirs.

Ohidoam i wbr`n wcmrm tcmrm wmrm ab jbhputmrs, ab NAI, ab jrbss-rmfmrmajoad bf

oafbrhitoba; tcos wis tcm wbr`n bf fbrmasoj sjomajm tcit O emdia hy jirmmr oa. Oa tcm mir`y

niys O stirtmn but oa tcm irmis bf skm`mti` onmatofojitoba ian foadmrproatoad eut sbba hbvmnba tb wcit wbu`n emjbhm hy bwa prbfmssobai` aojcm. Abw, O kabw tcit ybu irm tcoakoad,

jbrpsms ian foadmrproat nust, eut tcits abt wcit O nb. Fbrmasoj Oatm`òdmajm nmi`s wotc tcmijquosotoba, iai`ysos ian prbtmjtoba bf oafbrhitoba ian mvonmajm tcit os tcm rmsu`t bf i

jrohoai` ijt, ian tcm onmatofojitoba bf pbtmatoi` jrohm rosks. Fbrmasoj Oatm`òdmajm

manmivbrs tb issbjoitm jbhhottmn jrohms tb spmjofoj pmrpmtritbrs tcrbudc oa-nmptciai`ysos. Totcoa Fbrmasoj Oatm`òdmajm irm tcm fuajtobas bf Jbuatmr-^mrrbrosh, ian

Mspobaidm ian Jrohoai` Uosk Hiaidmhmat, wcojc oavb`vms tcm ijquosotoba ian iai`ysos

bf oatm`òdmajm niti oa brnmr tb prbvonm rmjbhhmanitobas ba rmnujoad tmrrbrost, mspobaidmian jrohoai` tcrmit `mvm`s.

B.K., abw tcit O civm dovma ybu i nmfoaotoba tcit mvmry ìwymr wbu`n siòvitm it,`mt hm jut tb tcm jcism. O `bbk it tcm fijts ian mvonmajm, hbst`y oa m`mjtrbaoj ian pipmr

fbrh ian frbh tcit O mstieòsc òaks tb tcm i``mdmn pmrpmtritbr. Tcmrm ab jrohm cis

ijtui``y tikma pìjm, O usm tcos oafbrhitoba tb fodurm but of tcmrm os tcm pbtmatoi` rosk br

tcrmit bf i jrohoai` ijt wiotoad tb cippma. ^cm ieoòty tb uanmrstian wcit sbhmbam hiyem pìaaoad, br tcm pbssoe`m smjuroty cb`m tcit pbsms i rosk os pirtojuìr`y ohpbrtiat wcma

ot jbhms tb tcm ijts bf Mspobaidm, ^mrrbrosh ian Brdiaozmn Jrohoai` Ijtovoty. Hy irmi bf

spmjoi`ty os ^mjcab`bdy Jrohm ian wotcoa tcit irmi O fbjus ba mspobaidm roskhiaidmhmat, onmatoty tcmft, provijy, survmo`ìajm ian jbhputmr smjuroty. Zb wcit nb i``

tcmsm tcoads civm oa jbhhba2 ^cmy irm i`` jbhhba`y usmn ian vobìtmn ey spoms,

tmrrbrosts ian brdiaozmn jrohoai`s is i tirdmt, oastruhmat, ion br prbpiditbr bf tcmor o``mdiìjtovoty.

Hy forst rmi` lbe wis wotc i hilbr hmtrbpbòtia pbòjm nmpirthmat fb``bwmn ey

smrvojm oa tcm irhmn fbrjms ian suesmqumat oavmstoditovm ian smjuroty issodahmats oa ebtctcm pueòj ian provitm smjtbr. Ot os i fijt tcit abt hbrm tcia 57% bf mspobaidm jisms

idioast ^bp 9777 jbhpiaoms mvmr dmt rmpbrtmn tb pueòj ìw mafbrjmhmat. ^cmy nb tcos

emjiusm tcmy jiaabt bpma tcmhsm`vms tb tcm pbtmatoi` nihidm bf fi`òad scirm projms,

nmjrmismn pueòj jbafonmajm ian num noòdmajm òtoditoba ossums of tcm wbrn mvmr dbt buttcit tcmy fm`` vojtoh tb spoms br mvma wbrsm tmrrbrosts. 45% bf jbrpbritobas tcit civm abt

tikma hmisurms tb hiaidm jbrpbritm mspobaidm rosk ian suffmr i `bss civm typoji``y dbam


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but bf eusoamss wotcoa 5 ymirs. ^cmrm irm hiay btcmr prbe`mhs tcit jbu`n irosm tcit O civm

purpbsm`y bhottmn ian i`` bam cis tb nb os tb usm tcmor ohidoaitoba tb jbasonmr wcit btcmrmatotoms btcmr tcia hu`toaitobai` jbrpbritobas hiy civm emma emcoan tcos prbvmreoi` modct

ei``. ^cm hu`toaitobai` jbrpbritm jbhhuaoty tmans tb ji`` oa provitm smjuroty invosbrs, nb

nihidm jbatrb` ian pursum jovo` òtoditoba is i jiutobus bptoba. ^cos os wcmrm O jbhm oa. O

ih tcm provitm jotozma wcb wbrks is i fbrmasoj oatm`òdmajm spmjoiòst br is tcm smjurotyinvosbr. Hiay fbrhmr mhp`bymrs ian jb``midums civm rmfmrrmn tb hm is i foxmr br

trbue`mscbbtmr.

Tcma ot jbhms tb nboad hy lbe, O prmfmr stmi`tc ritcmr tcia fìsc eut emjiusm bfhy oa ybur fijm dmt tcm lbe nbam ian i`wiys but frbat ittotunm O civm wba hysm`f tcm

rmputitoba bf emoad uahiaidmie`m ey tcbsm wcb prmfmr tb hiaidm frbh i pbsc bffojm is

bppbsmn tb tcm fom`n. Cbwmvmr, tcbsm wcb nb nmmh hm uahiaidmie`m sto`` ji`` hm oa ianba bjjisoba civm smat hm ijrbss tcm d`bem tb tikm jbhhian, jbatrb` ian tb em tcm eijk-

scbp mquiòzmr. O ih ey ab hmias tcm emst oa tcm fom`n eut is i rmsu`t bf hy novmrsm

mxpmromajm, auhmrbus amws hmnoi ippmiriajms ian codcmr tcia ivmridm pueòj prbfo`m, O

civm emma jbasonmrmn ey hiay tb em bam bf tcm hiay `minmrs oa tcos nosjopòam. Num tb

tcos abtbromty, O civm cin tcm provo`mdm bf trioaoad ian wbrkoad wotc sbhm bf tcm erivmsthma ian wbhma oa pueòj ian provitm ìw mafbrjmhmat ian smjuroty tcrbudcbut tcm

wbr`n. Oa hy òfm O civm noamn ian pirtomn wotc prmsonmats, prohm hoaostmrs, nop`bhits, tcmjrmhm nm ì jrmhm bf sbjomty ian civm cin sbup wotc tcm pmbp`m oa tcm cbbn. O civm

trivm`mn tcm wbr`n, smma tcm emst ian tcm wbrst bf ot. O civm i`sb wotamssmn i drmit nmi`

rmdirnoad tcm cuhia jbanotoba ian is i rmsu`t fmm` tcit ot os ohpbrtiat tb prmsmat tb ybuhy vomw bf cbw O smm sbhm ispmjts bf bur wbr`n. Tcit ybu smm cippmaoad forstcian oa

tcm strmmts bf ybur jbhhuaoty os i hojrbjbsh bf tcm jbanotoba bf tcm drmitmr hijrbjbsh

oa bur wbr`n.Ab hittmr wcit jmatury wm òvm oa, tcm prbvmreoi`, tohms civm rmi``y jciadmn os

sohp`y tcm hbttb bf cuhiakoan fbr i`` tohm. Cbwmvmr, tcm hbtovitoba bf bur spmjoms jiaem suhhmn up oa tcrmm wbrns< hbamy, pbwmr ian pbòtojs. Ab hittmr wcb ybu irm, wcit

ybu nb br wcb ybu nb ot fbr, ybu wo`` foan tcit ot motcmr normjt`y br oanormjt`y tbujcms tcm

jbajmpt bf hbamy, pbwmr br pbòtojs.

Dmamri``y, pmbp`m rmdirn`mss bf wcb tcmy irm, wcit tcmy emòmvm ian wcmrm tcmyjbhm frbh i`` rmi``y wiat tcrmm eisoj tcoads. ^cmy wiat fbbn, scm`tmr ian j`btcoad fbr

tcmhsm`vms ian tcmor fihoòms. ^cmy wiat tcm smjuroty oa kabwoad tcit tcmy wo`` civm ian

jia dmt tcmsm tcoads. Oa tcm Tmstmra wbr`n wm ijjmpt tcmsm tcoads oa ieuaniajm, is idovma rodct, ian bvmr`bbk tcmh fbr wcit tcmy rmi``y irm i provo`mdm. Bajm pmbp`m fmm`

smjurm iebut eisoj fbbn, scm`tmr ian j`btcoad tcmy tman tb tura tcmor ittmatoba ba ijquoroad

i`` koans bf btcmr tcoads. Umdirn`mss bf tcmor stitoba oa òfm, pmbp`m usm wcit tcmy civm oatcm fbrh bf hbamy, pbwmr ian pbòtojs oa bam wiy br iabtcmr tb ijquorm tcmsm ian btcmr

tcoads.

Tcma ot jbhms tb hbamy tcmrm irm ba`y fovm wiys tb ijquorm ot. _bu jia sm``dbbns, smrvojms br ybur ìebr fbr ot; ybu jia oacmrot br em ebra oatb ot; ybu jia woa ot; ybu

jia stmi` ot; br ybu jia oavmst ia oaotoi` ihbuat wotc sbhmbam wcb hiy mira ybu hbrm ey

nboad iay bf tcm prmvobus`y hmatobamn ijtovotoms ba ybur emci`f. Fbrtuaitm`y, pmbp`m wotc

hbamy irm abt i`` pbwmrfu`, emjiusm is O ih surm ybu civm jbhm tb rmiòzm tcit tcmrm irm idrmit nmi` bf pmbp`m wotc hbamy tcit irm sb but bf tuam wotc tcm rmi` wbr`n tcit of tcmy non


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abt civm tcmor hbamy, tcmy wbu`n amvmr em ie`m tb survovm nboad tcm nio`y tcoads tcm

ivmridm pmrsba cis tb nb tb òvm.Wbwmr jia em oa tcm fbrh bf iutcbroty br pbsotoba; kabw`mndm br oafbrhitoba; br

civoad jbatrb` bf sbhmtcoad bf viùm mxjùnoad hbamy. Wmbp`m bf pbwmr usm ian erbkmr

tcmor pbwmr fbr hbamy. Wmbp`m bf pbwmr irm abt amjmssiro`y hbamtiro`y wmi`tcy ian jbu`n

em lust is foaiajoi``y wm`` bff is tcm ivmridm oanovonui`. Wbwmr pmbp`m usm tcmor oatm``mjt tberbkmr nmi`s, sm`` ian ijquorm oafbrhitoba br mxmrjosm jbatrb` bvmr rmsburjms bf viùm. ^b

rmhioa pbwmrfu` bam hust jbastiat`y em vodoìat sb is abt tb erbkmr tbb hujc pbwmr oa

tcm fbrh bf oafbrhitoba br jbatrb` fbr hbamy `mst tcmy man up ia butjist. Eiìajm os tcmkmy tb pbwmr.

Wbòtojs oa tcos smasm nbms abt rmfmr tb pbòtoji` pirtoms, m`mjtobas ian wcb bam

vbtms fbr. Wbòtojs rmfmrs tb bams ieoòty tb issbjoitm wotc ian oafùmajm tcbsm tcit jiafurtcmr cos br cmr bwa dbi`s. Oa brnmr tb sujjmmn oa pbòtojs ybu pmrsbai``y hust civm i

jmrtioa lm am sios qubo ba cbw tb wi`k oatb i rbbh fo``mn wotc striadmrs ian it tcm man bf

tcm aodct wi`k but wotc it `mist ci`f bf tcmsm pmbp`ms jbatijt oafbrhitoba ian onmatofy

tcmh is i hbamy, pbwmr br pbòtojs pìymr. ^cm ieoòty tb ti`k wotc ian jbavoajm pmbp`m

tcit ybu irm soajmrm wcmtcmr ybu rmi``y irm br abt, os i ti`mat fbr sbhm, br ia ijquormn sko``fbr btcmrs. Zbhm civm ot, sbhm nbat. Ammn`mss tb siy, tcos os bam ti`mat br sko`` tcbsm oa

tcm tcmitrm bf pbòtojs hust civm oa brnmr tb em oa tcm dihm fbr tcm amxt rbuan.Oa tcm eusoamss wbr`n ia mxmjutovms trum wbrtc os abt hmisurmn ey mnujitoba br

mxpmromajm eut tcm sozm bf tcmor pmrsbai` eusoamss innrmss ebbk. ^cm hbrm jbatijts i

pmrsba cis, tcm drmitmr tcmor ieoòty tb issbjoitm wotc ian oafùmajm tcbsm wcb hiy civmhbamy, pbwmr br civm sohoìr pbòtoji` idmanis. ^cm ivmridm pmrsba wo`` pmrsbai``y kabw

iaywcmrm frbh 5=5 tb :?6 pmbp`m nuroad tcm jbursm bf tcmor matorm òfm. I rmi` pbòtoji`

pìymr hust pmrsbai``y kabw ia ivmridm bf >63 pmbp`m. ^cos prbjmss hust stirt it ab ìtmrtcia tcmor :6

tceortcniy. ^cmy hust em mxtrmhm`y sm`mjtovm wotc wcbh tcmy jcbbsm tb dmt

tb kabw pmrsbai``y nuroad tcm jbursm bf tcmor òfmtohm oa brnmr tb ju`tovitm prbfmssobai``yemamfojoi` jbaamjtobas. Oa tcm dihm bf pbòtojs ybu motcmr kabw pmbp`m ba tcm oasonm, br

ybu civm sbhmbam wcb nbms. Of ybu civm amotcmr bf tcmsm, ybu wo`` civm tcm pbòtoji`

`badmvoty bf i `mhur. Wmbp`m wcb kabw cbw tb pìy pbòtojs; tcit os wbrk i rbbh, kabw

wcb tb jbatijt br tcm tohm tb ji`` oa i fivbr wcma sbhmtcoad os ifbbt, ian irm ie`m tbijjbhpòsc ia uapbpuìr ijt wco`m hioatioaoad tcmor bwa pbpuìroty irm trum histmrs bf

tcm dihm. ^cbsm wcb nmi` oa pbòtojs irm tcm erbkmrs bf jciadm, ebtc dbbn ian ein. ^cmy

irm eijkmn ey hbamy pmbp`m ian irhmn wotc oafbrhitoba frbh pbwmr pmbp`m oa brnmr tbput fburtc tcmor pbòtoji` idmanis.

^b sbhm mxtmat, mvma tcm ivmridm oanovonui` niee`ms oa tcm hbamy, pbwmr ian

pbòtojs dihm. Tcma wis tcm ìst tohm ybu bffmrmn tb nb sbhmtcoad fbr sbhmbam oamxjciadm fbr jisc, br eirtmrmn amdbtoitmn sbhmtcoad fbr i emttmr nmi`, br ji``mn up

sbhmbam ybu kamw tb isk tcmh tb nb sbhmtcoad ba`y tcmy jbu`n nb fbr ybu2 ^cmsm

sotuitobas rmf`mjt hbamy, pbwmr ian pbòtojs rmspmjtovm`y. Ian ybu tcbudct ybu nonatpìy tcm dihm. Tm i`` nb, ian hbst tcoak bf ot is survovi`.

îkm i wi`k wotc hm nbwatbwa. Zmm tcbsm euo`noads. Zmm i`` tcbsm aihms ba tcm

euo`noads. ^cmrm irm euo`noads wotc tcm aihms bf eiaks, oasuriajm jbhpiaoms, cmi`tc jirm

butfots, jir jbhpiaoms, cbtm` jcioas, ian foaiajoi` erbkmrs. _bu kabw cbw tcmy dbt tcmoraihms up tcmrm2 ^cmy non ot emjiusm tcmy cin oafbrhitoba tcit wis sb dbbn, tcit ot

jbavoajmn pmbp`m tb nb eusoamss wotc tcmh, ian mvma cm`pmn tcmh hikm tcm rodct jcbojms


12/22



bf wcmrm tb put tcmor hbamy, ian em pbòtoji``y jbrrmjt sb tcmy jbu`n drbw tcmor eusoamss

wotcbut stmppoad ba pbwmrfu` tbms. Zbhmbam bajm sion tcit oafbrhitoba os pbwmr, eut tcitos sohp`y abt trum. Of ot wmrm tcit wbu`n hmia tcm hbst pbwmrfu` pmbp`m oa tcm wbr`n

wbu`n em òeriroias ian O.^. (oafbrhitoba tmjcab`bdy) inhoaostritbrs!

Oafbrhitoba os ba`y is pbwmrfu` is ybur ieoòty tb ipp`y ot. Of ybu jiat ipp`y ot,

ybu hiy abt em pbwmrfu`, eut of ybu jia sm`` ot tb sbhmbam wcb jia ipp`y ot, ybu hodctemjbhm vmry wmi`tcy. ^cm amxt emst tcoad tb civoad oafbrhitoba oa ybur pmrsbai`

pbssmssoba os kabwoad wcmrm tb foan ot (kabw`mndm). Of ybu wmrm abt ebra oatb wmi`tc,

civm ia ivmridm tb em`bw ivmridm oatm``mjt ian civm ab jbatijts tcit jia jbaamjt ybu tb isotuitoba wcmrm ybu jia mira i rmisbaie`m òvoad, tcmrm os ba`y bam voie`m bptoba fbr ybu of

ybu irm rmi``y dboad tb survovm ian civm i òfm oa tcos wbr`n. @mira wcit typm bf

oafbrhitoba pmbp`m ammn, `mivm ab stbam uaturamn ba foanoad sburjms bf oafbrhitoba, `miracbw tb put ot oa i wiy pmbp`m jia uanmrstian ian sm`` ot tb tcmh. Zm`` ot tb tcmh fbr rmi`

jisc, tcma db eijk ian nb ot idioa.

^cm ivmridm pmrsba ijquorms hbst bf tcmor oafbrhitoba tcrbudc tcm myms ian

mxpmromajms (ijjbuats) bf btcmrs. ^cmy wo`` dmt tcos oafbrhitoba frbh tcm erbinjist, fo`h,

vonmb, proat hmnoi, tcm Oatmramt ian frbh rmjb``mjtobas bf fromans ian rmìtovms wcb civmbetioamn ot frbh i`` tcm sburjms O civm prmvobus`y hmatobamn, ian sb ba, ian sb ba, ian sb

ba wm`` ybu dmt tcm onmi. Tcit wis tcit O sion iebut belmjtovm besmrvitobas uanmr ivmammr bf suelmjtovoty2

M`mhmatiry sjcbb` jco`nrma civm i dihm wcmrm iebut i nbzma bf tcmh òam up br

stian oa i jorj`m. ^cm forst jco`n os dovma i smjrmt tb wcospmr oa tcm mir bf tcm amxt jco`nian sb ba nbwa tcm òam tb tcm ìst jco`n. ^cm striadm tcoad iebut ot os tcm ìst jco`n ba`y

cis i tcorty-tcrmm pmrjmat jciajm bf dmttoad tcm matorm brodoai` hmssidm. Cbw nb ybu dmt

ybur amws bf wcit os cippmaoad oa tcm wbr`n tbniy2 Nb ybu tru`y emòmvm tcit ybu irmemoad tb`n mvmrytcoad2

^cm wbr`n os fo``mn wotc pmbp`m wcb ijjmpt ian amvmr qumstoba wcit tcmy irm tb`ney tcm hioastrmih hmnoi, tcmor dbvmrahmat ian tcm i`tmraitovm hmnoi. Fbr hbst pmbp`m,

tcm ijjmptiajm bf wcit tcmy pmrjmovm is fijt os eismn ba tcmor bwa òhotmn òfm

mxpmromajms, pmrsbai` emòmfs, pbpuìr ju`turm ian rmdrmttie`y wcit os jbavmaomat fbr tcmh

tb emòmvm it tcm tohm. Bc yms, ian ba tcm ihbuat bf oafbrhitoba tcm tm``mr os wo`òad tbprbvonm wotcbut jmasbrscop ian eois wotcoa tcm jbastrioats bf tohm br mnotbroi` spijm. ^cm

ieoòty tb usm tcmsm viroie`ms tb bams inviatidm oa scipoad tcm pmrjmptoba bf tcm ivmridm

jotozma os abtcoad scbrt bf oafbrhitoba wirfirm br oafbrhitoba tmrrbrosh, (nmpmanoad bawcit sonm bf tcm ossums ybu irm ba) it ots hbst eisoj `mvm`.

Civm ybu `bbkmn it i rmi` pipmr vmrsoba bf i nio`y amwspipmr ìtm`y2 Abw, nbat

jcmit ian `bbk it bam ba tcm Oatmramt eut ijtui``y tcoak bf tcm ìst tohm ybu cm`n bam oaybur cian. Nb ybu rmiòzm tcit tcm oafbrhitoba oa tcit amwspipmr, tbniys mnotoba bf tcit

amwspipmr jbatioas hbrm oafbrhitoba tcia ybu wbu`n mvmr em mxpbsmn tb oa ybur matorm

òfmtohm of ybu òvmn fbur cuanrmn ymirs idb2 Ots i fijt ian tcit os lust i nio`y amwspipmr.Tm ijtui``y òvm oa ia idm wcmrm wm is oanovonui`s irm òtmri``y f`bbnmn wotc sb hujc

oafbrhitoba tcit tcm ivmridm oanovonui` foans ot noffoju`t tb nodmst ìrdm jcuaks bf soad`m

sburjm oafbrhitoba it bam tohm. Wmbp`m irm jbanotobamn is i rmsu`t bf tcos oafb-

mavorbahmat tb mxpmjt ian rmjmovm smasbry oafbrhitoba frbh jbastiat`y jciadoadhu`top`m sburjms. Of ybu nbat emòmvm hm, jbasonmr tcm auhemr bf pmbp`m tcit ybu kabw

tcit suffmr frbh scbrt ittmatoba spias, irm uaie`m tb fbjus ba bam tcoad it i tohm ian irm


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jbastiat jciaam` cbppmrs wcma ot jbhms tb tm`mvosoba br rinob. _bu prbeie`y kabw i `bt

hbrm bf tcmsm oanovonui`s tcia ybu non fovm, tma br twmaty ymirs idb.]p uato` iebut 9?37, hilbr jbrpbritm mxmjutovms cin mxmjutovm issostiats jbanujt

prmòhoairy rmsmirjc ian ditcmr oafbrhitoba fbr upjbhoad prblmjts. ^bniy, tcm sihm

jbrpbritm mxmjutovms civm tcmor mxmjutovm issostiats soft tcrbudc, fo`tmr ian suhhirozm

òtmri``y dodieytms bf rmpbrts, m-hio`s, ian btcmr fbrhs bf oafbrhitoba. Oa i wbr`n tcitrmòms ba oafbrhitoba, tcbsm tcit civm tcm oafbrhitoba jbanuots jia ian nb normjt tcm pitc

ot wo`` tikm. ^cbsm wotc ijjmss tb hu`top`m oafbrhitoba jbanuots wo`` ian nb fo`tmr ot oa

brnmr tb hmmt tcmor rmquormhmat br lustofy tcmor idmani.Matmr hy twostmn onmi bf i jbatmhpbriry \ma Eunncost ronn`m. I eby hbvms oatb i

amodcebrcbbn ian os scbwa ey cos amw jìsshitms cbw tb dmt tb sjcbb` frbh cos cbusm.

^cm eby wi`ks tcm rbutm mijc niy tb ian frbh sjcbb` wotc tcm tbti` trop ìstoad >=hoautms. Civoad hinm tcos trmk fbr tcm emttmr pirt bf i ymir, tcm eby bam niy os jbafrbatmn

wotc hissovm rbin ian strmmt jbastrujtoba wcojc fbrjms coh tb nbue`m eijk ian try tb foan

ia i`tmraitm rbutm tb sjcbb`. Cm nbms, iftmr hujc iadst, ba`y tb foan tcm amw rbutm os 9=

hoautms scbrtmr!

Frbh tcos stbry wm jia mstieòsc tcit tcm eby oa tcm vmry emdoaaoad ijjmptmn ismhporoji` fijt, prmsmatmn ey cos jìsshitms tcit tcos wis tcm ba`y rbutm tb sjcbb`. ^cm

i`tmraitm rbutm wis abt kabwa tb coh br mvma pmrcips cos jìsshitms. Is tcos rbutm wisabt kabwa, non tcos hmia ot non abt mxost2 Oa tcm jbatmxt bf tcm woanbw br jorj`m bf rmiòty

bf tcm eby ian cos jìsshitms, bam jbu`n miso`y siy yms, ot non abt mxost, ian tcmrmfbrm wis

abt rmi` tb tcmh. Ot pbsmn ab inviatidm br tcrmit tb tcmh it tcit tohm. Cbwmvmr, oa tcm eodpojturm, tb ybu ian O, wm kabw emttmr.

Tcma suelmjtovm rmiòty os ijjmptmn is trutc ian pmbp`m eòan`y euy oatb tcm

jbajmpt tcit tcm trutc sci`` smt tcmh frmm, tcmy vbùatiro`y emjbhm tcmor bwa lio`mrs iansìvms tb i wbr`n emyban tcmor jbatrb`. ^cm ba`y wiy fbr ia oanovonui` tb em tru`y frmm ian

em oa jcirdm bf tcmor bwa nmstoay os tb qumstoba mvmrytcoad ian emfbrm tikoad ijtoba,jbasonmr tcm pmrsbai` ohpijt ian `bad tmrh jbasmqumajms tb tcmhsm`vms ian btcmrs bf

sujc ijtoba. It tcm man bf tcm niy, mijc oanovonui` hust ijjmpt fu`` rmspbasoeoòty fbr tcmor

bwa ijtobas wcmtcmr tohm prbvms tcmor nmjosoba tb em ipprbproitm br oaipprbproitm.

Abw, cmrms tcm puajc òam. ^bniy, tcmrm irm codc `mvm` pmbp`m, oafùmatoi` pmbp`m,pbwmrfu` pmbp`m, wm`` oatmatobamn prbfmssobai` pmbp`m jcirdmn wotc tcm aitobai` smjuroty

oatmrmsts bf i`` bf us wcb irm òkm tcm eby ian cos jìsshitms. Of ot os abt oa tcm ebbk, of ot os

abt ia onmatofomn smjuroty vuàmrieoòty, ot nbms abt mxost. Of ot os abt pbòtoji``y jbrrmjt otjiaabt em nosjussmn br ijkabw`mndmn. Cbw iesurn ian sin. Ot os abt hy oatmatoba, tb

pboat foadmrs br aihm aihms emjiusm tcos wbu`n abt jurm br fox wcit cis emjbhm tcm

pbpuìr smjuroty tcmbroms bf tcm niy, ian tcmor codc prbfo`m, hirkmtoad spoa nbjtbrmntrioamn prbpbamats. Cbwmvmr, jbasonmr tcm fijts ian ijts bf tmrrbrosh, dumro`ì wirfirm

ian brdiaozmn prbfmssobai` jrohm oa bur wbr`n tbniy. Jbasonmr i`` tcm rmsburjms, tcm

trioaoad, tcm tmjcab`bdy, ian tcm `mssbas wm civm `miramn frbh tcm tridoj costbry bf burwbr`n. Nbat ybu foan ot emyban emòmf tcit sbhm jrohoai` ian tmrrbrost ijts idioast bur

jovoòzmn wbr`n; sbhm ijts tcit tikm hbatcs bf pìaaoad, sto`` smmh tb abt mvma jiusm i

eòp ba tcm rinir sjrmma uato` iftmr tcmy civm emma mxmjutmn ian hmhemrs bf tcm

oaabjmat, uakabwoad pueòj irm sijrofojmn. Mvma hbrm uaemòmvie`m irm tcm uatb`nho`òbas bf nb`ìrs i``bjitmn is i kamm lmrk rmijtoba tb sujc mvmats tb prbtmjt us, frbh ian

tb foan tcbsm rmspbasoe`m fbr sujc ijts. _mt wotc i`` tcos, ot smmhs tcit foanoad ian


14/22



amutriòzoad tcm soad`m sodaofojiat prohiry pmrpmtritbr, i hia br wbhia os emyban tcm

sjbpm bf mvmrytcoad tcit cis emma put oa pìjm. Wmrcips bam niy, ia mpopciay wo`` cippmawcma ot wo`` em rmiòzmn tcit brdiaozmn prbfmssobai` jrohoai`s, dumro`ìs ian tmrrbrosts nb

abt fb``bw br jbu`n jirm `mss iebut wcit wm rmjbdaozm is stianirn jismebbk mxp`bots ian

hbnus bpmriano. I pbssoe`m eut codc`y ohprbeie`m sjmairob, it `mist oa tcos òfmtohm.

Nuroad hy ippmiriajms ba aitobai` tm`mvosoba ian it jbafmrmajms, O civm j`mir`ynmhbastritmn ba smvmri` bjjisobas tcm mism it wcojc tirdmtmn oafbrhitoba jia em betioamn

frbh vortui``y iay Oatmramt br Oatriamt jbaamjtmn jbhputmr, ba`y tb civm sbhm mstieòscmn

mxpmrts jry shbkm ian horrbrs br o`ùsobas is bppbsmn tb uanmrstianoad tcm rmi`smjuroty tcrmit tb mvmry jotozma. Fbr tcm pist twmaty ymirs O cin ittmhptmn tb `beey tcm

jbrpbritm smjtbr tb i``bjitm emttmr fuanoad fbr oatmrai` smjuroty eundmts ian inviajmn

smjuroty trioaoad fbr tcmor pmbp`m eut sto`` tb tcos niy, frbatòam smjuroty stiff oa jbrpbritmAbrtc Ihmroji irm sto`` tcm `bwmst pion bf rosk hiaidmhmat stiff oa rmìtoba tb tcm viùm

bf tcm issmts ian òvms tcmy hust prbtmjt.

Furtcmrhbrm, aitobai` `mdosìtoba hust em oa pìjm tcit i`` provitm smjuroty duirns

piss i jrohoai` eijkdrbuan jcmjk, hmmt tcm prbfmssobai` jmrtofojitoba rmquormhmat is i

Jmrtofomn Wrbtmjtoba Bffojmr, mstieòscmn ey tcm Oatmraitobai` Fbuanitoba fbr WrbtmjtobaBffojmrs (OFWB) br is i Jmrtofomn Wcysoji` Zmjuroty Wrbfmssobai`, mstieòscmn ey tcm

Ihmrojia Zbjomty fbr Oanustroi` Zmjuroty (IZOZ) ian irm rmhuamritmn it i ritm rmf`mjtovmbf tcmor rmspbasoeoòty is i frbatòam rosk hiaidmhmat prbfmssobai`. Wrovitm smjuroty duirns

pìy i kmy rb`m oa hiaidoad tmrrbrost ian jrohoai` rosk oa bur jbhhuaotoms. ^cos os jrujoi`

fbr tcm sifmty ian smjuroty bf tcmhsm`vms ian tcbsm wcb nmpman upba tcmh.Oa tcm hon 9??7s, O cin iutcbrmn i pipmr ian `mjturmn ba justbh oastrujtovm jbnm

(^rblia) vorusms tcit wmrm, ian sto`` irm, vortui``y uanmtmjtie`m. ^cos jbhputmr ^rblia

vorus os jipie`m bf smirjcoad fbr spmjofoj fo`m aihms br kmywbrns ba ia oafmjtmn jbhputmrian tcma m-hioòad tcm fo`ms eijk tb ots brodoaitbr. Oa 577=, O nmhbastritmn ba òvm

tm`mvosoba cbw misy ot wis, tb `bjitm ian ijjmss jbhputmrs wotcbut formwi``s ian tbmxtrijt jrmnot jirn auhemrs usoad ba`y i ìptbp jbhputmr wotc i worm`mss jbaamjtoba ian

hbnofomn wme jriw`mr smirjc prbdrih. ^cmsm irm abt jbaluroad trojks eut irm rmi`

tcrmits tb oanovonui`s, jbhpiaoms ian bur aitobai` smjuroty.

^cmrm os ia oatmraitobai` jbhputmr uanmrdrbuan bf brdiaozmn jrohoai`s ianprovitmmrs; oanovonui`s wcb ijt i`bam ian stmi` oafbrhitoba tb brnmr fbr i projm. ^cmor

tirdmts riadm frbh pmrsbai` oafbrhitoba, rmsmirjc niti ian jòmat òsts tb ijjmss jbnms ian

irjcotmjturi` pìas. ^cmy bpmritm em`bw tcm smjuroty rinir sjrmma fbr tcm hbst pirt, usoadhmtcbnb`bdoms ian prbjmssms tcit eirm`y rmjmovm iay hmatoba oa tcm ijjmptmn Oatmramt br

amtwbrk smjuroty drio`s bf tcm niy. Wmrsbai` oafbrhitoba betioamn tbniy ey ia

brdiaozmn jrohoai` br tmrrbrost fbr tcm purpbsm bf onmatoty tcmft hiy abt em utoòzmn uato` iymir br hbrm iftmr ots ijquosotoba. ^cos os tcm wbr`n bf tmjcab`bdoji` mspobaidm. Zbrry, ybu

wbat dmt tcos oafbrhitoba oa ybur amxt prbfmssobai` smjuroty jmrtofojitoba jrmnot jbursm.

Civoad sion tcos, ba i pbsotovm abtm, tcmrm irm pmbp`m tcit kabw ian civm tcm tmjcab`bdytb jitjc sbhm bf tcmsm oanovonui`s. Zbhm bf tcmh O civm cin tcm provo`mdm ian cbabr bf

smrvoad wotc. Tco`m btcmrs jcbbsm tb wbrk i`bam, trijkoad, hbaotbroad ian stbppoad tcmsm

pmrpmtritbrs fbr tcmor provitm jòmatm`m. Oa tcm prbfmssobai` smjuroty eusoamss tcmrm os ia

bftma qubtmn eut sm`nbh cmmnmn ixobh, tcit emoad, Zmjuroty os i prbjmss. Zmjuroty os abti stitoj tcoad ian hust em prbijtovm`y iniptie`m of ot os tb em bf iay rmi` viùm oa sivoad

òvms, provijy ian prbpmrty.


15/22



Tm fmir tcm uakabwa ian tcm tcoads wm nba't uanmrstian br tcit irm noffmrmat tb

bur bwa jbajmpt bf tcm wbr`n. Oa tcm wo`n, iaohi`s wo`` abt typoji``y vmaturm oatb tcmuakabwa ian of fijmn wotc fmir wbu`n ritcmr rmtrmit, ian wo`` ba`y fodct fbr survovi`;

nmfmasm br fbbn. ^cm cuhia iaohi` cbwmvmr, wo`` p`bt br ijt tb nmstrby tcit wcojc jiusms

coh br cmr fmir oa tcm iesmajm bf ritobai` fijts tcit wbu`n hikm tcm uakabwa, kabwa. Ot

os tcos mhbtoba eismn orritobai` emcivobr tcit jiusms kamm lmrk rmspbasm aitobai` smjurotypbòjy tb tcm nmtrohmat bf bur i`rminy frido`m nmhbjrijy ian tcm oanovonui` frmmnbhs

fbudct fbr ian miramn ey bur fbrmemirs tcit irm malbymn ey mijc bam bf us.

Dbvmrahmats ian jbrpbritobas spman uatb`n ho`òbas bf nb`ìrs ba smjurotyoaotoitovms tcit `bbk dbbn, bffmr i `mvm` bf cb``bw oatohonitoba tcrbudc tmjcab`bdy hbst

pmbp`m nbat uanmrstian eut bffmr òtt`m br ab rmi` prbtmjtoba idioast futurm tcrmits. Bam bf

tcm drmitmst smjuroty fiux pis bf bur tohm os tcm kamm lmrk rmijtoba bf emmfoad up broajrmisoad pcysoji` vosoe`m smjuroty hmisurms iftmr ia oajonmat bjjurs. ^cos os dmamri``y ia

uaamjmssiry mxpmasm, jrmitms i fi`sm smasm bf smjuroty ian prbvonms tcm pbòtoji``y jbrrmjt

ohprmssoba tcit sbhmtcoad os emoad nbam. ^cos os abt tb siy tcit oajrmisoad vosoe`m

pcysoji` smjuroty scbu`n amvmr em ia bptoba, eut ritcmr tcit ot scbu`n em bam bf smvmri`

bptobas tcit civm emma prm-quiòfomn eismn ba ia iai`ysos bf wcit stirtmn tcm prbe`mh oatcm forst pìjm. Lust emjiusm tcm jbhputmr jbatioaoad smasotovm oafbrhitoba os `bjkmn oa i

rbbh it tcm emdoaaoad bf tcm scoft ian ot os sto`` pcysoji``y tcmrm it tcm man bf tcm scoft,wotc ab uaiutcbrozmn ijjmss ittmhpts nbms abt hmia ot os smjurm br cis abt emma ermijcmn.

^cm ijt bf hiaidoad rosk br prmvmatoba jbasosts bf ba`y tcrmm prbjmssms; tcit bf

rmnujoad br amditoad tcm rosk it ots sburjm, mir`y nmtmjtoba/hbaotbroad, ian oajonmatrmspbasm. Innoad hbrm vosoe`m smjuroty rmsburjms wo`` em bf ab usm of tcm brodoai` jbrm

vuàmrieoòty cis abt emma innrmssmn. O kabw tcit tcos sbuans òkm jbhhba smasm eut of

ybu fb``bw amws rmpbrts ba jrohm ian ijts bf tmrrbrosh irbuan tcm wbr`n, ybu wo`` sbbarmiòzm tcit oa sbhm jisms, sbhmbam hossmn tcos sohp`m jbasonmritoba. Of wm irm tb hiaidm

jrohm ian tmrrbrost rosk oa bur sbjomty, wm hust onmatofy bur vuàmrieoòtoms ian ohp`mhmatstritmdoms ian prbjmssms tcit innrmss tcmsm ossums cmin ba. Tm nb abt ammn ian jiaabt

iffbrn ijtoba ba tcmsm ossums tb em rmfmrrmn tb i jbhhottmm br stuny drbup bf oanovonui`s

tcit òvm oa tcm emst amodcebrcbbns, civm iebvm ivmridm `mvm`s bf pmrsbai` smjuroty ian

wo`` prbnujm i rmpbrt wotc rmjbhhmanitobas tcit hiy em ohp`mhmatmn bvmr tcm jbursm bftohm. Ot os uafbrtuaitm tcit quotm bftma aitobai` smjuroty pbòjoms ian hmisurms irm

mxmjutmn is i rmsu`t bf pbòtoji` ian besjurm idmanis. Of ybu nbat emòmvm hm, isk

ybursm`f wcy pbòtojoias, bur ìwhikmrs - tcm pmbp`m wm m`mjt tb hikm ian nmeitmnmjosobas ba bur sifmty ian smjuroty jia amvmr dovm i striodct yms br ab iaswmr tb i voti`

sifmty br smjuroty qumstoba. _bu scbu`n i`sb isk ybursm`f wcy os ot tcit mvmry tohm i

jrohoai` ijt os jbhhottmn idioast i frmm nmhbjritoj sbjomty tcit tcm rmspbasm os u`tohitm`ytb issmrt hbrm jbatrb` bvmr ian rmstrojt tcm rodcts ian frmmnbhs bf tcit sihm sbjomty.

Oa bur wbr`n tbniy, tcmrm irm sbhm uaspmikie`m eut orrmfutie`m ixobhs. ^cm hilbr

dbvmrahmats bf bur wbr`n, oajùnoad burs, jbu`n vmry miso`y mòhoaitm pbvmrty wotcoatcmor bwa ebrnmrs. I`` tcmy wbu`n civm tb nb os tb dovm mvmry jotozma; hia, wbhia ian

jco`n tcm mquovi`mat tb 9 ho`òba nb`ìrs oa tcm fbrh bf i aba-triasfmrie`m, ab jisc

rmnmmhie`m jrmnot nuroad tcmor òfmtohm, tcit jbu`n ba`y em ippòmn tbwirns fbbn, cbusoad,

j`btcoad ian mnujitoba. ^cos wbu`n abt em i nb`m br i cianbut, eut ia oavmsthmat oa tcmfuturm bf cuhiakoan. Wmbp`m jbu`n tru`y mxjm` it tcm ti`mats ian ieoòtoms tcmy civm fbr tcm

emttmrhmat bf tcmor jbuatry ian tcm wbr`n. ^cos wbu`n abt ba`y mrinojitm pbvmrty eut i`sb


16/22



hiay oajmatovms tb jbasonmr i òfm bf jrohm is i wiy bf survovi`. Ot wbu`n stohuìtm tcm

mjbabhy, cm`p shi`` eusoamssms ian jbhhuaotoms. Of ybu tcoak tcos wbu`n em i drmitihbuat bf hbamy tb jbhm up wotc, tcoak idioa tcm amxt tohm tcmsm dbvmrahmats smmh tb

i``bjitm br foan ho`òbas bf nb`ìrs, it tcm nrbp bf i cit fbr i pbòtoji``y jbrrmjt oaotoitovm bf

tcm niy, wco`m pmbp`m strudd`m tb hikm mans hmmt oa bur amodcebrcbbns.

Is `bad is wm civm pbvmrty ian i jìss kabwa is tcm wbrkoad pbbr oa bur jbuatryian tcm oaieoòty tb mffmjtovm`y nmòvmr tcm eisoj amjmssotoms tb mvmry jotozma, bur

dbvmrahmat scbu`n abt em normjt`y oavb`vmn oa prbvonoad foaiajoi` ion butsonm bur ebrnmrs

wco`m bur bwa suffmr. Is dbbn jotozmas bf tcm wbr`n ian hmhemrs bf oatmraitobai` ionbrdiaozitobas sujc is tcm Oatmraitobai` Umn Jrbss, Ihamsty Oatmraitobai` ian tcm ]aotmn

Aitobas tb aihm i fmw, wm wo`` cm`p tcbsm oa btcmr jbuatroms wcb jiaabt cm`p tcmhsm`vms

num tb ìjk bf rmsburjms, uanmrstianoad, sbjoi` lustojm ian pbòtoji` oastieoòty. Cbwmvmr,wm hust masurm tcit wm put bur jotozmas, tcbsm wcb jbatroeutm tb bur jbuatry tcrbudc

tcmor jbhhuaotoms, forst ian fbrmhbst. Mijc niy hiay pirmats oa bur jotoms irm fijmn wotc

tbudc nmjosobas. ]afbrtuaitm`y, tcmsm nmjosobas irm wcmtcmr tb usm tcmor ìst fovm nb`ìr

eo`` tb euy fbbn fbr tcmor jco`nrma br tb usm ot is i pirtoi` piyhmat tbwirns ia bvmrnum

utoòty eo`` emfbrm ot os nosjbaamjtmn. ^cmsm pmbp`m civm lbes eut sohp`y nb abt miramabudc tb suppbrt tcmor fihoòms br tcmhsm`vms. ^cmy hiy mvma wbrk twb br tcrmm

hoaohuh widm lbes, ian irm rbeemn bf tcm viùie`m fiho`y tohm hiay bf us tikm fbrdriatmn, oa mxjciadm fbr tryoad tb mira mabudc tb prbvonm fbbn, j`btcoad ian scm`tmr. ^cos

cippmas mvmry niy, oa mvmry joty bf bur jbuatry wco`m hiay wotc tcm pbwmr tb jciadm tcm

sotuitoba nb abtcoad. ^cos os abt ijjmptie`m.^cm Irhmn Fbrjms hust em nmp`bymn ian trioamn tb nmfman bur jbuatry, ots

ebrnmrs ian jbanujt nosistmr rmòmf ian mhmrdmajy smrvojm bpmritobas. ^cm Irhmn Fbrjms

hust abt em usmn tb oavinm br pbòjm fbrmoda aitobas. Bur sbas ian niudctmrs scbu`n abtrosk tcmor òvms br nom fbr iay ijtoba `mss tcia tcm normjt nmfmasm br smjuroty bf bur aitoba.

^cm hma ian wbhma wcmtcmr jbhhossobamn bffojmrs br aba-jbhhossobamn bffojmrs oabur hoòtiry nmsmrvm emttmr rmprmsmatitoba oa, ian ia uanmrstianoad bf tcm jci``madms tcmy

fijm mijc niy oa mxmjutoad tcmor nutoms ey tcm pbòtojoias tcit hikm up bur dbvmrahmat. Ot

scbu`n em i hianitbry rmquormhmat tcit i ].Z. Nmfmasm Zmjrmtiry br Jiainoia Hoaostmr

bf Nmfmasm civm tb cos br cmr jirmmr mxpmromajm, cbabrie`m rmduìr (fu``tohm) hoòtirysmrvojm is i prmrmquosotm tb ippboathmat. Ot os i`wiys ihizoad ian nirm O siy ia ijt bf

jbwirnojm wcma pbòtojoias jia sman bur sbas ian niudctmrs ba hoòtiry hossobas

bvmrsmis, oa hiay jisms tb rosk tcmor òvms wotc òtt`m br ab `bdostoji` suppbrt wco`m tcmytcmhsm`vms db cbhm tb tcmor sbas ian niudctmrs. Tcma iskmn of tcmor sbas br niudctmrs

wbu`n maòst fbr sujc i abe`m hoòtiry ijtoba is tcmy civm nmfmanmn ot oa tcm hmnoi tohm

ian tohm idioa, tcmy smmh tb scrud tcmor scbu`nmrs ian sohp`y wi`k iwiy. ^cm pmbp`m oabur Irhmn Fbrjms nmsmrvm bur rmspmjt ian ammn tcm suppbrt bf bur pbòtojoias.

Ohhodritoba pbòjy oa bur jbuatry os ymt iabtcmr sin ossum. Non ybu kabw tcit bur

jbuatry dbms tb drmit `madtcs tb pioat i vmry rbsy pojturm bf bur mjbabhy ian lbe hirkmtoa brnmr tb ittrijt fbrmoda prbfmssobai`s sujc is hmnoji` nbjtbrs, madoammrs, sjomatosts ian

btcmrs. Cbwmvmr, bajm sujc i fbrmoda prbfmssobai` cis ìanmn, tcmy sbba nosjbvmr tcit

tcmrm mxosts i dìss eirromr tcit prbcoeots br rmstrojts tcmh frbh usoad tcmor sko``s ian

mxpmromajm tb ijquorm mhp`byhmat. ^cit dìss eirromr os Ihmrojia br Jiainoia wbrkmxpmromajm. Tco`m O ih surm tcit cuhia pcysob`bdy, sjomajm ian hitcmhitojs hust em tcm

sihm iaywcmrm ba bur pìamt, tcos dìss eirromr cis emma usmn tb òtmri``y put ba tcm


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emijc, sbhm bf tcm drmitmst fbrmoda hoans bf bur tohm. Ots i`hbst is tcbudc i jbasporijy

mxostmn tb nrovm tcmsm fbrmoda oatm``mjtui`s oatb tcm `bw widm, uasko``mn ìebr smjtbr wco`mtcmy iwiot tcm : br hbrm ymirs tb quiòfy is i prijtojoad prbfmssobai`, oa brnmr fbr bur

aitoba tb civm ia oatm`òdmat `bw widm ìebr fbrjm tb cm`p bur jbuatry emttmr jbhpmtm oa

wbr`n hirkmts.

^b uanmrstian tcos tridmny ian wistm bf rmsburjms, bam nbms abt civm fir tb db euttcm `bji` mhp`byhmat jmatmr, cbp oa i tixo oa i hilbr hmtrbpbòtia joty br spmik wotc tcm

bffojm j`miaoad stiff. ^cmrm ybu hiy em surprosmn tb foan i rmsmirjc sjomatost, hmnoji`

nbjtbr br m`mjtroji` madoammr. Iabtcmr prbe`mh os tcm ìjk bf i prm-rmquosotm tcit pbtmatoiòhhodriats tb bur jbuatry motcmr nmhbastritm i fuajtobai` fùmajy oa bur aitobai`

ìaduidm br idrmm tb histmr ot ian piss i fuajtobai` fùmajy mxih emfbrm tcmy smtt`m oa bur

jbuatry. @mts em cbamst, of i pmrsba jiaabt rmin, wrotm br spmik bur aitobai` ìaduidm,cbw jia tcmy pmrsbai``y survovm oa bur sbjomty, `mt i`bam em i jbatroeutoad hmhemr bf bur

jbhhuaoty. ]afbrtuaitm`y, wm civm pmbp`m oa bur jbuatry tcit sohp`y nb abt spmik, rmin

br wrotm bur aitobai` ìaduidm. Is i rmsu`t tcmy ba`y sbjoiòzm ian survovm oa tcmor bwa

shi`` mtcaoj jbhhuaoty. ^cos puts tcmh it i nosinviatidm is tcmy irm osbìtmn frbh hiay

smrvojms ivioìe`m tb tcm hioastrmih pbpuìtoba ian irm bftma suelmjt tb o``mdi`mhp`byhmat prijtojms sujc is widms fir em`bw tcm `mdi` hoaohuh, pbbr ian uasifm

wbrkoad ian cbusoad jbanotobas. Of wm irm tb mxtman ia oavotitoba tb pmbp`m tb ohhodritm,wm hust em wo`òad tb masurm tcit bur systmh os nmsodamn tb utoòzm ian hixohozm tcmor

sko``s ian mxpmromajm tb tcm emamfot bf bur jbuatry ian tcm wbr`n. Tm i`sb bwm ot tb tcbsm

wm oavotm tb masurm tcit tcmy irm fuajtobai``y òtmritm oa brnmr tcit tcmy hiy sujjmmn oatcmor amw jbuatry ian jbatroeutm tcmor fior scirm. Ohhodritoba pbòjy hust em eismn ba i

hutui``y emamfojoi` rmìtobascop ebtc fbr tcm pbtmatoi` ohhodriat ian bur aitoba. Of tcmrm

os ab normjt emamfot fbr ebtc pirtoms, ohhodritoba tb bur jbuatry hust em rmfusmn.^cm jbajmpt bf mxtmrai``y ippòmn mtcojs, hbriòty, ìw ian brnmr ba ia oanovonui`

os fir frbh iesbùtm oa jrmitoad i sifm, smjurm ian pmijmfu` jbhhuaoty. Mxtmrai``y ippòmnjbatrb`s fbr tcm jbhhuai` dbbn ba`y civm ia ohpijt bf ::% ba wcit jia ian nbms bjjur.

Fbr mxihp`m, wm jia kmmp ia mym ba, br `bjk up ein pmbp`m eut ot os ohpbssoe`m tb nb tcos

fbr mvmry ein ipp`m, br hioatioa tcos vodoìajm i`` bf tcm tohm. Furtcmrhbrm, wm jiaabt

`mdosìtm jbhhba smasm, rmspbasoeoòty br mtcojs iay hbrm tcia wm jia hikm i ìw tcitwo`` prmvmat i jrohm. ^cm rmhioanmr 64% bf tcm mquitoba rmsts sb`m`y wotc tcm oanovonui`.

^cm ba`y tcoad tcit stians emtwmma ybu jbhhottoad hurnmr, ripm, issiu`t br rbeemry os

ybu. ^cm ba`y tcoad tcit u`tohitm`y kmmps ybu frbh dmttoad hurnmrmn, ripmn, issiu`tmn brrbeemn os tcm pmrsbai` rmstrioat tcit btcmrs mxmrjosm upba tcmhsm`vms. ^cos rmstrioat motcmr

yburs br mijc oanovonui` ybu majbuatmr viroms oa nmdrmm wotc mijc amditovm ian pbsotovm

oanovonui` ossum. Of wm irm tb fbstmr i sifmr, hbrm smjurm ian pmijmfu` jbhhuaoty; wmhust emdoa wotc ju`tovitoad rmspbasoeoòty oa oanovonui`s it ia mir`y idm ian jbatoaum

tcrbudcbut tcmor matorm òfm. Umspbasoeoòty, oatm`òdmajm ian oanovonuiòty irm tcm

jcirijtmrostojs tcit `min tb ia mtcoji`, hbri` ian ìw ieonoad sbjomty.Bam bf tcm hilbr jbajmras oa bur oaamr jotoms os jrohm ian bur ybutc. ^cos os i

jbhp`mx ian smrobus prbe`mh. ^bniy, hiay bf bur ybutc civm ab smasm bf tcmor costbry,

tcmor ju`turm, tcmor rbbts. Is i rmsu`t, tcmor mxostmajm os eismn ba tcm hosjbajmptoba tcit

tcmy irm cmrm ian mvmrytcoad emdoas ian mans wotc tcmh. ^cmy fmm` i`bam ian ammn tb em ipirt bf i jbhhuaoty. ^cmy bftma fmm` tcit tcmy civm ab futurm ian civm ab pist. Fbr hiay

tcos turas but tb em i diad br hosjcomvbus iffoòitobas wotc btcmr pmmrs wotc i sohoìr ìjk


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bf kabwoad wcb tcmy irm ian tcmor costbry. Wbp ju`turm hmnoi nbms abt cm`p tcmsm ybutc

is tcmy irm mxpbsmn tb vonmb ohidms wcmrm mvmry tbudc duy dmts tcm dor`s, tcm hbamy, tcmlmwm`ry, tcm ùxury jir, ian wbrkoad fbr i òvoad os fbr fbb`s. Mvma hbrm nostureoad os tcm

hmssidm tb ybuad hi`ms tcit dor`s irm smx belmjts, wbhia irm tmhpbri` trbpcoms ian tcm

invojm tb ybuad dor`s os tcit smnujtoba os tcm emst wiy tb dmt hbamy, lmwm`ry ian i spbrts

jir. ^b hikm hittmrs wbrsm, mvma tcm pirmats bf sbhm bf tcmsm ybuadstmrs wmrm tcmytcmhsm`vms nrbppmn oatb òfm tcm sihm wiy wotc tcm sihm hospìjmn viùms. Of ybu irm i

pirmat, ybu hust ti`k tb ybur jco`nrma iebut tcmor costbry, tcmor ju`turm, tcmor iajmstbrs. Of

ybu nbat kabw tcos, wbrk tbdmtcmr wotc ybur jco`nrma tb nb sbhm rmsmirjc. î`k tb b`nmrfiho`y hmhemrs, rmin sbhm ebbks, witjc nbjuhmatiroms, nb i fiho`y trmm. @mt ybur

jco`nrma kabw tcit tcmy irm i òvoad `mdijy. ^mijc ian duonm tcmh oa tru`y kabwoad

wcmrm tcmy jihm frbh ian wcb tcmy irm. ^cm hbst viùie`m fiho`y cmor`bbh ybu jiacian nbwa tcrbudc dmamritoba tb dmamritoba os tcm costbry ian ju`turm bf ybur fiho`y.

Totc tcos kabw`mndm wo`` jbhm sm`f-rmspmjt ian wcit wo`` fb``bw os rmspmjt fbr btcmrs.

Oasto`` wotcoa ybur sbas ian niudctmrs i smasm bf rmspbasoeoòty, cbabr, pmrsbai` viùm ian

tcm fijt tcit i`` irm abt mqui` eut mijc oanovonui` os tru`y uaoqum.

Mijc ymir bur jotoms emjbhm hbrm ian hbrm mtcaoji``y novmrsm. Zb nbms tcmmtcaojotoms bf tcbsm wcb pmrpmtritm jrohm oa bur jbhhuaotoms. ]afbrtuaitm`y, mvmry tohm

ia mtcaoji``y vosoe`m pmrsba jbhhots i jrohm, tcmy abt ba`y nb i drmit nossmrvojm tbtcmhsm`vms eut i`sb tb tcmor matorm jbhhuaoty. I`tcbudc pbòtoji``y oajbrrmjt, tcm rmiòty

os tcit oa tcm eijks bf tcm hoans bf hioastrmih sbjomty, mvmry mtcaoj ian aba-mtcaoj drbup

civm tcmor bwa jrohoai` stmrmbtypm. Tcmamvmr i amws pcbtbdripc bf i jrohoai` tcit fotstcit pirtojuìr stmrmbtypm os pueòscmn, ot sohp`y rmoafbrjms tcos hosjbajmovmn emòmf is

fijt. ^cmrm irm dbbn ian ein oa i`` mtcaojotoms ian ju`turi` drbups. Cbwmvmr, of i

pirtojuìr jbhhuaoty cis i prbe`mh, ot scbu`n em tcit jbhhuaotys `minmrs tcit tikm tcmforst prm-mhptovm, prbijtovm rb`m oa jbhoad up wotc sbùtobas. ^cma, irhmn wotc i

stritmdy, `bji` ìwhikmrs ian dbvmrahmat scbu`n em ipprbijcmn fbr oaput, fmmneijk iansuppbrt. ^bb hiay tohms, mtcaoj jbhhuaotoms wo`` sohp`y wiot fbr tcbsm oa pbwmr tb tikm

tcm `min br ipprbijc tcm sotuitoba mxpmjtoad dbvmrahmat tb tikm jirm bf ot. Tcb emttmr

tcia tcm jbhhuaoty oavb`vmn tb spmircmin tcm sbùtoba tb i prbe`mh oa ots pbpuìtoba2 Oa

iay mtcaoj br ju`turi``y novmrsm jbhhuaoty, tcmrm scbu`n em i hiybrs invosbry jbuajo`wotc trum rmprmsmatitovms bf tcmsm jbhhuaotoms ian hmhemrs bf tcm jbhhuaoty

mhmrdmajy, ìw mafbrjmhmat ian sbjoi` smrvojms. ^cm invosbry jbuajo` scbu`n em usmn is

i vmcoj`m tb onmatofy ossums ian jbajmras, ian is i hmias bf foanoad sbùtobas eyjbasmasus. It tcm man bf tcm niy abt mvmrybam hiy em p`mismn wotc sbhm bf tcm

butjbhms, eut is `bad is tcmrm os noi`bdum ian bpma jbhhuaojitoba, dbbn prijtoji`

sbùtobas wo`` i`wiys em i pbssoeoòty.^cm drmitmst hbhmats ian dofts tcit hy fitcmr divm hm wmrm bur hbatc`y

lburamys nbwatbwa tb i ebbkstbrm. It tcm idm bf ?, O hinm i `bt bf nosjbvmroms iebut tcm

wbr`n lust erbwsoad tcm ebbks ba nospìy. O nonat rmi``y rmin tcmh eut lust rmin i fmwpissidms, `bbkmn it tcm o`ùstritobas ian pcbtbdripcs. Hy fivbrotm smjtobas wmrm tcm

sjomajm ian tmjcab`bdy scm`vms. Nuroad i vosot O jihm ijrbss i ebbk ji``mn ^cm JM^

Ztuny Duonm ey Uojcirn Dìss. Ot wis ia m`mjtrbaojs ebbk tcit butòamn stuny hitmroi`

fbr i Jmrtofomn M`mjtrbaojs ^mjcaojoia mxih. Bnn`y mabudc, ìtmr ba oa òfm, O manmn upwrotoad ian pissoad tcos vmry mxih, ian ìtmr smrvmn ba tcm ebirn is Jciorhia bf tcm

M`mjtrbaojs ^mjcaojoias Issbjoitoba ian is i Normjtbr-it-@irdm ba tcm ebirn bf tcm


19/22



Oatmraitobai` Zbjomty bf Jmrtofomn M`mjtrbaojs ^mjcaojoias; tcm twb brdiaozitobas tcit

inhoaostmr tcm JM^ prbdrih wbr`nwonm. O mvma cin tcm cbabr ian provo`mdm bf pmrsbai``yhmmtoad Uojcirn (Nojk) Dìss, Wrmsonmat bf MÎ ian wbrkoad wotc coh. Ot os tcm òtt`m

tcoads tcit ybu nb wotc ybur jco`nrma tcit wo`` oasporm ian scipm tcmh. Wmrcips tcm tcoads

ybu hiy abt mvma em iwirm bf. îkm tcm tohm tb nb sbhmtcoad wotc ybur jco`nrma, ti`k tb

tcmh, oafùmajm tcmh eut hbst ohpbrtiat nb ot abw, emfbrm ots tbb ìtm.Wueòj @oeriroms irm bam bf tcm ìst oafùmajms wm civm tb hioatioa i jovoòzmn

sbjomty. ^cm hbnmra niy Wueòj @oeriry bffmrs spmjoi` oatmrmst jbhhuaoty prbdrihs fbr

jco`nrma tb inu`ts, òtmrijy prbdrihs, jbhputmr ijjmss ian ijjmss tb i hyroin bf ebbks.Is cirn is ot hiy smmh tb jbhprmcman tb sbhm oa tcos jbuatry, abt mvmry jco`n br inu`t

cis br jia iffbrn i jbhputmr, tcm ieoòty tb euy tcm ìtmst jbpy bf tcmor fivbrotm hidizoam

br piy fbr i rminoad prbdrih fbr tcmor kons. Wueòj @oeriroms nb i`` tcos ba i nio`y eisosian hbrm fbr bvmr i tcorn bf bur aitobas pbpuìtoba. Wueòj @oeriroms irm tru`y tcm drmit

mquiòzmr wcma ot jbhms tb mqui` ijjmss tb kabw`mndm fbr i``. Wueòj @oeriry systmh

fuanoad os ia ossum tcit wm hust masurm os hioatioamn of wm is i sbjomty irm tb prbvonm

mqui` ijjmss tb mnujitobai` rmsburjms fbr i``. Is wm``, rmduìr jbhhuaoty rmjrmitoba ian

spmjoi` oatmrmst prbdrihs fbr ybutc civm prbvma jrujoi` oa scipoad bur jco`nrma tb emupstianoad jotozmas ian rmnujoad tcm rosk bf tcmh dmttoad oatb trbue`m. O bwm hy oatmrmst

oa sjomajm tb hy drinm : tmijcmr, Hr. I.U. Erbwasemrdmr, wcb emtwmma tcm rb`ms bf emoadsjcbb` tmijcmr ian in cbj sjcbb` òeriroia tbbk tcm tohm tb oatrbnujm hm (ian btcmrs oa

jìss) tb iai`bdum jbhputmrs, ivoitoba ian hmtmbrb`bdy. @oeriroias ian tmijcmrs nb civm

ia ohpijt ba cbw bur jco`nrma ian ybutc wo`` fbjus tcmor mamrdoms is tcmy db tcrbudc òfm.Tm hust hikm ot smjban aiturm oa tcm hoans bf bur ybutc tb jcbbsm uanmrstianoad bvmr

vob`majm, ian oatm``mjtui` mxprmssoba bvmr wmipbas.

Cmi`tc jirm fuanoad oa bur jbuatry os tbb òtt`m oa tcm wrbad pìjm. Totc jut eijksian dmamri` hoshiaidmhmat wm civm smma mhmrdmajy rbbhs j`bsmn it sbhm cbspoti`s,

emn ivioìeoòty rmnujmn ian i dmamri` ìjk bf kmmpoad pitomats oafbrhmn oa nmòvmroadsmrvojms tb tcmh. Hiay pitomats foan tcit wcma tcmy dmt rmfmrrmn tb i spmjoiòst, ot os bftma

tcmy wcb hust hioatioa i vodoìajm wotc tm`mpcbam ji``s ian fb``bw-ups btcmrwosm tcmy

jbu`n vmry wm`` fi`` bff tcm rinir sjrmma. I hilbr prbe`mh os rmi``y tcm pitomats! Hiay

pitomats wo`` db tb tcm mhmrdmajy br nmhian tb smm i nbjtbr fbr hoabr io`hmats sujc istcm jbhhba jb`n br btcmr jbanotobas tcit jbu`n j`mir up oa i hittmr bf tcrmm niys. ^cm

pitomat rmi``y osat it fiu`t pmrsbai``y, emjiusm tcmy irm sohp`y fmiroad tcm wbrst.

Cbwmvmr, tcmsm pitomats nb s`bw nbwa tcm cmi`tc jirm nmòvmry systmh tb tcbsm tcit rmi``yammn ot is i hittmr bf òfm ian nmitc, ian tcmy i`sb oajrmism tcm jbst bf cmi`tc jirm

nmòvmry. ^cm sbùtoba os vmry sohp`m. Bur dbvmrahmat scbu`n i``bjitm hbrm fuanoad tb

pueòj mnujitoba rmdirnoad cmi`tc iwirmamss ian nosmism prmvmatoba. Tco`m tcmrm irmjurrmat`y hiay mxjm``mat eut uanmr-fuanmn prbdrihs, tcmy fi`` scbrt oa hikoad i rmi` nmat

wotc tcm hioastrmih pueòj. Tm civm tb tmijc bur jotozmas iebut prmvmatovm hmnojoam,

nosmism prmvmatoba, autrotoba, forst ion ian prbhbtm cmi`tcy òfmsty`ms.Oa bur sbjomty wm civm oanovonui`s tcit fbr wcitmvmr tcm rmisba, ji`` ot pìoa

stuponoty, foan tcmhsm`vms wotc i jrohoai` rmjbrn fbr i soad`m, bam tohm aba-vob`mat

jrohoai` jbavojtoba tcit wo`` fb``bw tcmh fbr òfm. Is i rmsu`t tcmy hmmt wotc drmit

nosinviatidm wcma ot jbhms tb mhp`byhmat, mnujitoba, cbusoad ian mvma foaiajoi`smrvojms. Abw, `mt hm pboat but tcit O ih ti`koad iebut bam tohm bffmanmrs bf jrohms tcit

nb abt oavb`vm iay fbrh bf vob`majm, ripm, ieusm idioast wbhma br jco`nrma, smx jrohms,


20/22



formirhs, wmipbas, br mxp`bsovms. Ot os hy emòmf tcit of sujc ia oanovonui` cis smrvmn tcmor

smatmajm ian cis ba`y i soad`m aba-vob`mat jbavojtoba tcit tcmy scbu`n abt emnosjrohoaitmn idioast fbr i stupon hostikm oa tcmor pist. Of wm wiat tb jure tcm tonm bf

jrohoai` rmpmit bffmanmrs, wm hust hikm ot misomr fbr bam tohm aba-vob`mat bffmanmrs tb

rmoatmdritm oatb sbjomty. ^cm quojkmst wiy tb jrmitm i rmpmit bffmanmr os tb smt tcmh `bbsm

oa pueòj wotc òhotmn mhp`byhmat ian cbusoad prbspmjts. Ab hittmr wcit ybur rmòdoba,mtcojs br pbòtojs, O ih surm tcit sbhmwcmrm ybu wmrm tiudct iebut fbrdovmamss ian

jbhpissoba. Aba-vob`mat bam tohm bffmanmrs nmsmrvm i bam tohm smjban jciajm.

Ba tcm ossum bf jrohms oavb`voad hurnmr, vob`majm, ian ripm O civm hinm hypbsotoba j`mir hiay tohms tcit O tru`y emòmvm tcit wm is i sbjomty hust civm i zmrb

tb`mriajm pbòjy. O emòmvm oa jipoti` puaoschmat fbr tcmsm jrohms. Cbwmvmr, uaòkm tcm

oavmstoditovm ian lunojoi` prbjmss wm civm oa pìjm jurrmat`y, tcm systmh wbu`n ammn tboajbrpbritm innotobai` jcmjks ian eiìajms tb masurm tcit tcm trum jrohoai` wbu`n rmjmovm

tcm prmsjroemn smatmajm. ^cmrm irm hiay amws stbroms bf cbw tcbsm jbavojtmn bf hurnmr

ian smatmajmn tb nmitc scbu`n em spirmn emjiusm bf tcmh foanoad rmòdoba br emjbhoad

hbnm` jotozmas wco`m oajirjmritmn. O emòmvm tcit wco`m pmbp`m jia fbrdmt, ba`y tcmor amw`y

fbuan Dbn jia tru`y fbrdovm sujc i jipoti` ijt, ian tcit oanovonui` hust em prmpirmn tbtikm rmspbasoeoòty fbr sujc ia orrmvbjie`m ijt emfbrm tcmor Dbn.

Tm oa tcm wmstmra wbr`n tikm i drmit nmi` fbr driatmn. ^cmrm os pmrcips ab pìjmba mirtc wcmrm tcmrm mxosts sujc novmrsoty bf bppbrtuaoty fbr sbhm ian strudd`ms fbr nio`y

survovi` fbr btcmrs. Ab hittmr wcb br wcmrm ybu irm, ybu civm tcm ieoòty tb jbatrb` cbw

tcm sotuitobas ybu majbuatmr oa ybur òfm wo`` iffmjt ybu. _bu jiaabt jciadm tcm pmrsbaiìdmanis bf btcmrs br oa hbst jorjuhstiajms, tcm stuponoty ian odabriajm bf btcmrs.

Cbwmvmr, ybu jia jbatrb` cbw ybu rmijt tb sujc ijtobas ian sotuitobas. Cbw ybu rmijt, br

tcm rmijtoba bptobas ybu civm tb jcbbsm frbh wo`` civm i normjt ohpijt ba cbw ybu òvmfrbh tcit hbhmat ba. ^cmrm os i siyoad, amvmr ittroeutm tb hiòjm wcit os purm`y ia ijt

bf odabriajm. ^cmrm wo`` i`wiys em pmbp`m tcit wo`` em shirtmr, nuhemr, rojcmr, pbbrmr,hbrm emiutofu` ian mvma udòmr tcia ybu. _bu civm tb ijjmpt ot ian abt tikm tcm ijtobas bf

btcmrs pmrsbai``y. Fbr modct `bad ymirs O stunomn hirtoi` irts ian cin smma hiay db frbh

wcotm em`t tb eìjk em`t. Mvmry trum hirtoi` irtost wo`` tm`` ybu tcit tcm em`ts rmi``y hmia

abtcoad eut irm ho`mstbams tcit irm miramn ian wba is i rmsu`t bf cirn wbrk iannmnojitoba. Oa jbhpmtotoba tcmrm irm i`wiys woaamrs ian `bsmrs. Tcmtcmr sbhmbam os i

woaamr br `bsmr os nmtmrhoamn ey strojt stianirns ian mijc jbhpmtotbr hust nmhbastritm

tcmor sko`` fior`y ian oa ijjbrniajm wotc tcm ru`ms.Cbwmvmr, oa tcm rmi` wbr`n, butsonm bf tcm irts ian spbrtoad irmais, tcmrm irm ab woaamrs

br `bsmrs eut survovbrs, jisui`toms ian vojtohs. Oa tcm rmi` wbr`n, pmbp`m wo`` usm mvmry

pbssoe`m `bbpcb`m tcmy jia, ian of tcit nbmsat wbrk tcmy hiy eb`n`y odabrm tcm tmamts bfijjmptie`m emcivobr. Zurvovbrs irm tcbsm tcit survovm sujc sotuitobas, jisui`toms irm tcbsm

tcit suffmr smt eijks ian nihidms eut sto`` dmt up ian rmdrbup fbr iabtcmr niy, ian tcma

tcmrms tcm vojtohs. ^cm vojtohs lust wi``bw oa tcm cbpm`mssamss bf tcmor sotuitoba, bffmrbpoaobas eismn ba cmirsiy ian irm usui``y onmatofomn ey tcm pcrisms of O ba`y br

tcmy/ybu amvmr `mt hm oa tcm eromf hbhmats wcma tcmy irm abt jbhpmtoad fbr tcm

uanmrnbd, nbam wrbad ey tcm wbr`n prozm. Vojtohs nom i s`bw ian idbaozoad nmitc ey

tcmor bwa jcbojm. Jbasonmr wcb ybu irm, ian wcbh ybu rmi``y wiat tb em. ^cmrm os abbam m`sm ba tcos mirtc wotc ybur sko``s br mxpmromajm.


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^cos os tcm man bf ybur prmvomw.

^b purjcism tcos ebbk p`mism vosot

www.ouaovmrsm.jbh br www.nrrbemrtoad.jbh

br vosot ybur `bji` ebbksm``mr.


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Chatter Beyond the Fringe by Robert Ing