CHE 452May 7, 2012

DASH Diet!

A Key to Healthy Living & Lowering Blood Pressure?

Zubair IlyasHunter SabinErnest Wong

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• Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

• Born from research funded by National Institutes of Health

• Sponsored by the American Heart Association

• Part of the US treatment guidelines for hypertension

DASHDASH

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Trends and Projections• 1 in 3 Americans (~ 68 million) have

high blood pressure

• High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease

• Primary or contributing cause of death for more than 347,000 Americans in 2008

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• About one in five (20.4%) U.S. adults with high blood pressure don't know that they have it

• In 2010, high blood pressure was projected to cost the United States $93.5 billion in health care services, medications, and missed days of work

• BY 2030, research suggests 86% of the U.S. population will be obese or overweight

Trends and ProjectionsTrends and Projections

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

HypertensionHypertension

What is the DASH Diet?What is the DASH Diet?

• Decreased Sodium Intake• Decrease Blood Pressure• Other Decreased Effects

–Osteoporosis, Cancer, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke

• 2 types–Standard DASH Diet –Lower Sodium DASH Diet

FoodsFoods

• Fruits• Vegetables• Whole Grains• Low-fat Dairy Products• Red Meat• Fats• Sweets

The First StudyThe First Study

DASH Diet Food PyramidDASH Diet Food Pyramid

DASH Diet GuidelinesDASH Diet Guidelines

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

StudiesStudies

• Done to prove DASH Diet’s effectiveness

• Overall, two studies were conducted focusing the effects of increasing intake of foods, rich in nutrients, that are expected to lower blood pressure, mainly minerals (like potassium, calcium, and magnesium), protein, and fiber

• It includes nutrient-rich foods so that it meets other nutrient requirements as recommended by the Institute of Medicine

The First StudyThe First Study• From Aug, 1993 ~ Jul, 1997• Looked at the effect of dietary patterns on

blood pressure• 459 adults with systolic blood pressure < 160

mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 80-95 mmHg

• Compared 3 eating plans:1. Control diet – a “typical American diet”2. Control diet plus more fruits/vegetables3. DASH diet - high in fruits/vegetables, low in

fats• All 3 plans contained approximately 3,000 mg

of daily dietary sodium

ResultsResults

• Dietary patterns affect blood pressure• Participants in plans (#2 and #3) that

included fruits and vegetables had reduced blood pressure

• DASH had the greatest effect• Participants with high blood pressure

had the greatest reductions• Results were apparent within 2 weeks

The Second StudyThe Second Study• From Sep, 1997 ~ Nov, 1999• Looked at the effect of a reduced dietary

sodium intake on blood pressure• 412 adults with similar stats from the first study• Compared 2 eating plans:

1. Control diet – a “typical American diet”2. DASH diet - high in fruits/vegetables, low in

fats• Compared 3 levels of dietary sodium level:

1. High – 3,000 mg/day2. Intermediate – 2,400 mg/day3. Low – 1,500 mg/day

The Second StudyThe Second Study

The Setup:1. Started with a two-week run-in phase:

• All participants consumed a high (3,000 mg/day) sodium control diet

2. Followed by a 30-day intervention phase:• Participants started consuming their

diets at previously assigned sodium levels at high, intermediate, or low.

ResultsResults

• Low dietary sodium intake lowered blood pressure for both diet plans

• When comparing the two eating plans, DASH had lower blood pressure than the control at each sodium level (high, intermediate, or low)

• DASH at low sodium intake (1,500 mg/day) had the greatest effect

• Participants with high blood pressure had the greatest reductions

How’d you like ‘em Apples?• The DASH Works!!

• It lowers blood pressure (First study)

• Lowering sodium intake lowers blood pressure (Second study)

• *Best scenario is to follow both the DASH diet and reduce one’s daily salt intake (a little exercise never hurts either!)

NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) www.nhlbi.nih.gov

DHHS www.healthfinder.gov

Dietary Guidelines www.healthierus.gov

Nutrition Facts www.cfsan.fda.gov

To Learn MoreSecret Ingredient:

DASH!!!