Amines

Direct nucleophilic substitution

• SN2 mechanism

• Best for CH3X or RCH2X

• Best to prep 1o amines and

quaternary ammonium salts

Direct nucleophilic substitution

• SN2 mechanism

• Best for CH3X or RCH2X

• Best to prep 1o amines and

quaternary ammonium salts

Gabriel synthesis

• SN2 mechanism

• Best for CH3X or RCH2X

• Only 1o amines can be prepared

Reduction from nitro compounds

Reduction from nitriles

Reduction from amides

Reductive amination

• Add 1 alkyl group to nitrogen nucleophile

• 1o, 2o, and 3o amines can be prepared

Amine reacting as a base

Nucleophilic addition to

aldehydes and ketones

• Rxn with 1o amines

Nucleophilic addition to

aldehydes and ketones

• Rxn with 1o amines

Nucleophilic substitution with

acid chlorides and anhydrides

Hofmann elimination

• Less substituted alkene is major product

Reaction with nitrous acid

• Rxn with 1o amines

Reaction with nitrous acid

• Rxn with 2o amines

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

Substitution reactions of

diazonium salts

• Coupling to form azo compounds