Nordin Bin Mohamed

School of Chemical Sciences

U.S.M., Penang

Examination FormatExamination FormatPaper 1 (MCQ) 1 hour

(30%)30 questions (5 easy + 20 std. + 5

difficult)Paper 2 (Structured & Essay) 2½

hrs (70%)Part A : 4 structured (@10 marks)Part B : 6 essays (@ 15 markah)Answer 4 + 4 questions only

Syllabus for SK027Syllabus for SK027

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (10 + 30 M)

Thermochemistry (5 hrs)Electro chemistry (8 hrs)Reaction Kinetics (8 hrs)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (30 + 60 M) Introduction To Organic Chemistry (9

hrs) Hydrocarbons (11 hrs) Aromatic compounds (6 hrs) Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides) (5 hrs) Hydroxy compounds (5 hrs) Carbonyl Compounds (6 hrs) Carboxylic Acids & Its Derivatives (7

hrs) Amines (6 hrs) Amino Acids and Proteins (2 hrs) Polymers (2 hrs)

Why is Organic Chemistry Important?

DNA Enzymes Proteins Carbohy-drates

Petrol Plastics Rubber Medicine

Pesticides Pollutants Chemical Warfare

Dyes

C compounds are the main components in all living things

Medicine Pharmacy Biology Food Sciences Environmental

Sciences Military Polymer Industries Chemical

Engineering Cosmetology & many other

fields

Where is Organic Chemistry needed?

Types of Examination QuestionsTypes of Examination Questions

1. Naming of cpds (IUPAC and Common name)2. Definations3. Explanations4. Order Arrangements5. Completion of Rxns (1- 2 steps)6. Serial Rxns (given molecular formula or

structural formula)7. Mechanisms8. Synthesis9. Change from one structural formation to a

different one.10. Chemical tests

Types of questions for Physical Types of questions for Physical Chemistry Chemistry 1. Definations2. Calculations, using standard equations;

application type problems.3. Explains, drawing of E diagrams, &

Born Haber cycles.4. Writing of redox equations. for

electrochemical cells & determination of electrode potentials.

5. Drawing of graphs & application.

What you need to learn from this Organic Chemistry course.

Draw Molecular Structures Naming Cpds (IUPAC &

Trivial) Physical characteristic

trends Preparation of Cpds Reactions Reaction Mechanisms Chemical tests Basic concepts

Why you feel Organic Chemistry is a difficult subject to master? Weak basics

Too much to memorise Module difficult to understand Don’t understand what had been taught Insufficient reference Initial negative perception Too many difficult concepts Contents too packed No interest in Chemistry

Tips for answering questionsTips for answering questions

• Right mind setting – organic chemistry is easy because

You need to know only a few alphabets, i.e. C, H, N, O……

Need to count only from 1-10 Able to read & write Answers already in the

questions

Tips for answering questionsTips for answering questions

All topics have same sub-titles:

1. Systematic Naming 2. Physical properties 3. Chemical properties/

chemical rxns. 4. Chemical tests

4 main types of rxns in Organic 4 main types of rxns in Organic

ChemistryChemistry

Addition Elimination Substitution Rearrangement others: Oxidation & reduction

Is it true that Organic Chemistry is very difficult?

Organic Chemistry can be understood easily & successfully without a photographic memory

But…..

You may not be successful if You may not be successful if you you

do not have good study habitsdo not have good study habits..

5 secrets to be successful in Organic

Chemistry1. Don’t lag behind in your class

3. Do lots of exercise

4. Always ask why & how when rxns occur.

5. Use all available sources

2. Study proactively

What you need to do What you need to do to prepare yourself for to prepare yourself for an examination.an examination.

Obtain a suitable text book Prepare short simplified notes Have pencils & paper readily

available during every revision Study in a calm atmosphere with a

healthy body

Good study skillsGood study skills

ReadRead UnderUnderstandstand

MemoriseMemorise

ApplyApply

AnalyseAnalyse SynthesizeSynthesize

Basic knowledge that you have to know

Molecular Structure

Systematic names

&

“If you don’t know how to name a simple compound, you will fail

every test. Guaranteed.”

How to make summarized notes

1. Read text books /notes 2. Close books3. Make summary from

memory4. Double check5. Try out questions

DO NOT borrow or copy from anyone.

Effective Summarized Notes

ALCOHOL SYNTHESIS 1. From Alkenes Gen. Formula: ……… Example: …………. Footnotes: …………… 2. From Aldehydes Gen. Formula: ………… Example: ……………. Footnotes: …………..

3 Forms of summarized notes

A. Short list

-C=C- -C--C- -C--C- -C--C-

H X H OH X X

-C--C- -C--C- -C--C- H H X X H X

-C--C- >C=O +

O=C< H OH

B. Draw a mind map

>C=C<

(Behind)

1. -CH-CH-

2. -CX-CX-

3. -CH-CX-

4. -CH-C(OH)-

5. >C=O + O=C<

C. Flash cards

RXNS. >C==C<

1.+ H2

2. + X2

3. + HX

4. + H2O/H+

5. + O3 + Zn,H2O

1. Understand rxn mechanisms.

How to minimize memory work?

2. Familiarise yourself with all the diff. types of functional gps. & the diff. types of rxns.

•Reactivity of functional gps depend on their polarity.3. Get familiar with the functions all types of reagents

4. DO LOTS OF EXERCISE

+ -

C = O

Reacts with base,Reducing agents ornucleophiles

Reacts with acids, oxidising agents or electrophiles

Example

Types & functions of reagentsTypes & functions of reagents

- +Example: RMgX = R - Mg X

R:MgX + H:OH R:H + OH- + Mg2+ + X-

Others

KOH/alcohol K2Cr2O7/H+

LiAlH4

HBr/H2O2

Look at the characteristics of starting materials. (saturated/unsaturated/ electrophilic, nucleophilic, functional groups)

•Look at the structure of the product (saturated/unsaturated/oxidised

/reduced..?)

•Look at type of reagent (acid/ base /oxidising or reducing agents /electrophiles /nucleophiles)

Predicting Rxns

All Chemical Rxns are due to

ELECTROSTATIC FORCES

+ -

+ -

TIPSTIPS

Help sourcesHelp sources

Text books/modules & study guide

Your lecturer

Internet

Fellow students

Past year exam. Questions.

DO NOT study ‘last minute’Study proactively – draw

structures, write eqns. Do NOT just ‘highlight’)

Do exercises intensivelyArrange / summarise all

facts Have good rapport with all

your lecturersStrengthen your mental

healthAlways hold discussionsGive your full attention

during lecturesStress on details

UNTUK DI FIKIRKANUNTUK DI FIKIRKAN

UNTUK DIFIKIRKANUNTUK DIFIKIRKAN

UNTUK DIFIKIRKANUNTUK DIFIKIRKAN

Thank you….

May you have success in

everything you do.