Atoms C 12 6 Mass Number Mass Number - Number of protons +
Neutrons. Atomic Number Atomic Number - Number of protons In a
neutral atom the number of electrons and protons are the same. In
Carbon it is 6
Slide 4
Octet Rule To be stable an atom needs. A full outer shell Noble
Gases already have full shells so form no bonds Other elements form
bonds to fill the outer shell
Slide 5
E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r L i t h i u m Fluorine
Slide 6
Ionic Bonding Most important at the ends of the Periodic Table
Na 11 23 F F 17 9
Slide 7
Ionic Bonding An electron is transferred Na F
Slide 8
Ionic Bonding An electron is transferred to form IONS Na + F -
The plus and minus sign shows that these are ions.
Slide 9
Ionic Crystals Na + F -
Slide 10
Slide 11
Ionic Compounds Conduct Electricity When liquids (Molten and
solution)
Slide 12
Covalent Bonding The electrons are shared Elements in the
middle of the periodic table
Slide 13
Slide 14
Covalent Crystals Covalent crystals are formed when pairs of
electrons are shared between adjacent atoms.
Slide 15
Comparing Bonds CovalentIonic Molecules all separate Ions all
joined in one crystal Liquid or gas at room temperature Solid at
room temperature Does not dissolve easily Dissolves easily Does not
conduct electricity Conducts as liquid and dissolved in water
Slide 16
Mixture and Compounds Mixtures Two elements mingled together
Compounds- Two or more elements BONDED together.
Slide 17
Molecules Two or more atoms BONDED together
Slide 18
Ionic Crystals Ionic crystals are formed by the attraction
between positive and negative ions.
Slide 19
Covalent Crystals Covalent crystals are formed when pairs of
electrons are shared between adjacent atoms.
Slide 20
Dr. Tacy Halls Artificial Diamond Presses Pictures to the left
and below are of diamonds made from graphite. Dr. Hall made
diamonds from peanut butter as well.
Slide 21
Making Solutions Solvent The liquid Solution Salty water Solute
The salt
Slide 22
Solubility The solubility of a substance is the maximum amount
that can be dissolved in a given quantity of a particular solvent
at a given temperature
Slide 23
Solubility The solubilities of solids increase with increasing
temperatures..
Slide 24
Solubility A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of
solute possible at a given temperature; a supersaturated solution
contains more dissolved solute than is normally possible at a given
temperature and is usually unstable.
Slide 25
Polar Liquids Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into
ions when dissolved in water; Electrolytes in solution are able to
conduct electric current.
Slide 26
Plastics Literally means easy to change shape. Water proof and
easy to shape. Mostly made out of oil. The poly in their names
means POLYMER.
Slide 27
Properties of Plastics Easily Moulded and Coloured Do not rot
or rust Light Good Insulators of heat and electricity
Non-biodegradable still here in 1000000years Monomers small
molecules that can be joined together. Polymer is a large molecule
made of a chain of smaller molecules
Slide 28
Monomers small molecules that can be joined together. Polymer
is a large molecule made of a chain of smaller molecules
Slide 29
Summary Ionic bonding Covalent bonding Solute, solvent and
solution Plastics Compounds Atomic # Mass #
