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CHEMICAL CHEMICAL BONDS – BONDS – CovalentCovalent
Chapter 6Chapter 6
6.2 BONDING – journal6.2 BONDING – journal
Take out your Bonding Basics Take out your Bonding Basics Worksheet and Homework.Worksheet and Homework. On the worksheet, draw a Lewis Dot On the worksheet, draw a Lewis Dot
Structure for each of the elements Structure for each of the elements named for each example.named for each example.
6.2 BONDING – journal 26.2 BONDING – journal 2
Show all of the steps needed to bond Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and Bromine.Sodium and Bromine.
Show all of the steps needed to bond Show all of the steps needed to bond Magnesium and Fluorine.Magnesium and Fluorine.
What is the full definition of an ionic What is the full definition of an ionic bond?bond?
Why do elements bond?Why do elements bond? Answer the question for Figure 10 on Answer the question for Figure 10 on
page 166 of your book.page 166 of your book.
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number of valence electrons.number of valence electrons.
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
Therefore, chemical bonding Therefore, chemical bonding and reactivity depend on an and reactivity depend on an element’s electron element’s electron configuration.configuration.
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: Which group does this describe?Which group does this describe?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
What do elements with What do elements with UNSTABLE UNSTABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONSELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS do? do?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
They BONDThey BOND COVALENT BONDINGCOVALENT BONDING
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARINGthrough electron SHARING
Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in their highest energy levelstheir highest energy levels
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARINGthrough electron SHARING
What type of element is Hydrogen?What type of element is Hydrogen?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
What element is this?What element is this?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many electrons are How many electrons are
shared in each picture?shared in each picture?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Two = A PAIRTwo = A PAIR This is called a SINGLE This is called a SINGLE
COVALENT BONDCOVALENT BOND
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Each atom shares AN EQUAL numberEach atom shares AN EQUAL number
of electrons to fill its outer shellof electrons to fill its outer shell
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
This is how you DRAW a This is how you DRAW a
SINGLE COVALENT BONDSINGLE COVALENT BOND
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
A single line means each atom sharedA single line means each atom shared
one electron each to get full.one electron each to get full.
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you show the bond between How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?Carbon and Hydrogen?
BREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEETBREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEET
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you show the bond between How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?Carbon and Hydrogen?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you DRAW the bond between How would you DRAW the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?Carbon and Hydrogen?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
What kind of bond would 2 oxygen What kind of bond would 2 oxygen atoms form?atoms form?
COVALENTCOVALENT
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many electrons does each atom How many electrons does each atom need?need?
TWOTWO
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many TOTAL electrons are shared?How many TOTAL electrons are shared? FOURFOUR
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you draw this?How would you draw this?
This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs sharedshared
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen atoms form?atoms form?
COVALENTCOVALENT
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many electrons does each atom How many electrons does each atom need?need?
ThreeThree
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many total electrons are shared?How many total electrons are shared? Six (three pairs)Six (three pairs)
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you draw this?How would you draw this? This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs
sharedshared
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED EQUALLYEQUALLY
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
This is called a POLAR COVALENT This is called a POLAR COVALENT MOLECULEMOLECULE
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
The molecule has a negative side and The molecule has a negative side and positive sidepositive side
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
The molecule has a negative side and The molecule has a negative side and positive sidepositive side
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Whenever electrons are SHARED, the Whenever electrons are SHARED, the thing that is formed is called a MOLECULE.thing that is formed is called a MOLECULE.
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How do you write the Chemical Formula How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE?for a MOLECULE?
6.2 BONDING6.2 BONDING
How do you write the Chemical Formula for How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE?a MOLECULE?
HH22
OO22
CHCH44
FF22
NN22
BONDINGBONDINGHOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE?HOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE?
HH22OODihydrogen oxideDihydrogen oxide
COCO22
Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxideCaCOCaCO33
Calcium carbonateCalcium carbonateHClHCl
Hydrogen ChlorideHydrogen ChlorideHNOHNO33
Hydrogen nitrateHydrogen nitrate
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
Number of shared
electrons
Name of bond Shown in a structural formula by what symbol?
Shown in a model by how many of what item?
2 SINGLE ----- ONE STICK
4 DOUBLE === TWO SPRINGS
6 TRIPLE === THREE SPRINGS
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
3BLUEN
2SILVERS
2REDO
1YELLOWH4BLACKC
Number of covalent bonds needed to get a full outer shell = number of holes
Lewis DotColorElement
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
Suppose you need to make three Suppose you need to make three covalent bonds to get a full outer covalent bonds to get a full outer shell. What are three ways of shell. What are three ways of covalent bonding involving covalent bonding involving combinations of single, double, and combinations of single, double, and triple bonds that you could use?triple bonds that you could use?
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
When you build a good model what When you build a good model what happens to the holes in the atomic happens to the holes in the atomic models?models?
THEY ARE FULLTHEY ARE FULL
CO2
AtmosphereUses: Photosynthesis Propellant Paintball Airsoft
carbon dioxide
NH3
Sea water salt marshesUses: Fertilizer cleaner explosives
chemical warfare (mustard gas)ammonia
H2SProduct of decaying
Uses: Law enforcement , Small amounts used in certain novelty
items
rotten egg gas
C4H10
Fossil FuelCooking fuel lighters aerosol spraybutane
C3H8
Earths CrustFuel power grillspropane
CH4
Earths Crust deep in the oceanHeating cooking Car fuelmethane
N2
Atmosphere Living OrganismsPlant food gunpowder rocket fuel
ammonianitrogen
O2
Atmosphere Crust Living thingsUses: Rocket Boosters And Fuel respiration photosynthesis Cryo-Storageoxygen
H2OF: Atmosphere Crust Living ThingsUses: Respiration Photosynthesis water
Structural formulaChemical FormulaWhat is used for or where is it found?
Molecule’s name
