Chemical Names and Chemical Names and FormulasFormulas

OverviewOverview

••Metals and Non-MetalsMetals and Non-Metals

••Ions and Ionic ChargesIons and Ionic Charges

••Types of CompoundsTypes of Compounds

••Systematic NamesSystematic Names

-Writing Names and Formulas-Writing Names and Formulas

NomenclatureNomenclaturePOPO44

3-3-

phosphate ionphosphate ion

CC22HH33OO22--

acetate ionacetate ion

HC2H3O2

Acetic Acid

Metals and NonmetalsMetals and Nonmetals

Stairway Of Division on Periodic TableStairway Of Division on Periodic Table C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non-C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non-

metalsmetals B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi-B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi-

metalsmetals All others are metalsAll others are metals

IonsIons CationsCations

Positively Positively Charged Charged AtomsAtoms

i.e.i.e. NaNa++

AnionsAnions

Negatively Negatively Charged Charged AtomsAtoms

i.e.i.e. ClCl--

Properties of Ionic CompoundsProperties of Ionic CompoundsForming NaCl from Na and ClForming NaCl from Na and Cl22

Properties of Ionic CompoundsProperties of Ionic CompoundsForming NaCl from Na and ClForming NaCl from Na and Cl22

A metal atom can A metal atom can transfer an electron to transfer an electron to a nonmetal.a nonmetal.

The resulting cation The resulting cation and anion are attracted and anion are attracted to each other by to each other by electrostatic electrostatic forcesforces..

IONIC CHARGESIONIC CHARGES Group I ->Group I ->

Group II ->Group II ->

Group III ->Group III ->

Group IV ->Group IV ->

1+1+

2+2+

3+3+

4+4+

IONIC CHARGESIONIC CHARGES Group V ->Group V ->

Group VI ->Group VI ->

Group VII ->Group VII ->

Group VIII ->Group VIII ->

3-3-

2-2-

1-1-

Noble GasesNoble Gases

Predicting Charges on Monatomic IonsPredicting Charges on Monatomic IonsKNOW THESE !!!!KNOW THESE !!!!

+1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0

Cd+2

+3 +4

Forms of Chemical Forms of Chemical BondsBonds

There are 3 forms bonding There are 3 forms bonding atoms:atoms:

IonicIonic——complete complete transfer transfer of 1 or of 1 or more electrons more electrons

CovalentCovalent——sharing of one or sharing of one or more valence electronsmore valence electrons

__________________ – holds atoms of a – holds atoms of a metal togethermetal together

Most bonds are Most bonds are somewhere in somewhere in between ionic between ionic and covalent.and covalent.

TYPES OF COMPOUNDSTYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

• • usually formed from a metal and usually formed from a metal and non-metal.non-metal.

• • these elements these elements areare notnot attachedattached

to one another.to one another.

Formulas of Ionic CompoundsFormulas of Ionic Compounds

Formulas of ionic compounds are determined from Formulas of ionic compounds are determined from the charges on the ionsthe charges on the ions

atomsatoms ions ions __

Na Na + + F : F : Na Na+ + : F : : F : NaF NaF

sodium + fluorine sodium fluoride formulasodium + fluorine sodium fluoride formula

Charge balance: Charge balance: 1+1+ 1-1- = = 0 0

TYPES OF TYPES OF COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Ionic Compounds con’tIonic Compounds con’t

• • ExamplesExamples

NaClNaCl

CaBrCaBr22

KIKI

CHEMICAL FORMULASCHEMICAL FORMULAS DefinitionDefinition

• • shows the kind and numbers of shows the kind and numbers of atoms in the smallest atoms in the smallest representative unit of the representative unit of the substance.substance.

i. e. i. e.

NaClNaCl

IONIC COMPOUNDSIONIC COMPOUNDS A formula unit is the lowest A formula unit is the lowest

whole number ratio of ions in an whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.ionic compound.

i.e.i.e. NaNa22ClCl22 -> -> NaClNaCl

There is no such thing as a There is no such thing as a molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!molecule of NaCl!!!!!!!!!

NAMING NAMING COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Your ability to name compounds Your ability to name compounds and write formula’s hinges on and write formula’s hinges on your ability to recognize whether your ability to recognize whether a compound is Ionic or a compound is Ionic or Molecular.Molecular.

BINARY IONIC BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Binary means 2 elementsBinary means 2 elements Ionic means a metal and a non-Ionic means a metal and a non-

metal (or cation and anion)metal (or cation and anion) Writing FormulasWriting Formulas

• • charges must balance so charges must balance so

compound charge is compound charge is neutral.neutral.

CATIONCATION + + ANIONANION ---> --->

COMPOUNDCOMPOUND

CATIONCATION + + ANIONANION ---> --->

COMPOUNDCOMPOUND

A neutral compound A neutral compound requiresrequires

equal number of + equal number of + and - charges.and - charges.

A neutral compound A neutral compound requiresrequires

equal number of + equal number of + and - charges.and - charges.

COMPOUNDCOMPOUNDS FORMED S FORMED FROM IONSFROM IONS

COMPOUNDCOMPOUNDS FORMED S FORMED FROM IONSFROM IONS

NaNa++ + Cl + Cl- - --> NaCl--> NaCl

BINARY IONIC BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Writing Formulas from NamesWriting Formulas from Names

• • 1st word = CATION1st word = CATION

• • 2nd word = ANION name 2nd word = ANION name

with with ideide ending.ending.

BINARY IONIC BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Potassium Potassium ChlorChlorideide

Aluminum Aluminum OxOxideide

• • notice ending notice ending of name is ide!of name is ide!

KK++ClCl- - -> KCl -> KCl

AlAl223+3+OO33

2- 2- -> ->

Al Al22OO33

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions DefinitionDefinition

••tightly bound groups of tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.and carry a charge.

ExampleExampleSOSO33

2-2-, NO, NO22--, ClO, ClO22

--

TERTIARY IONIC TERTIARY IONIC COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Tertiary means 3 different Tertiary means 3 different elementselements

Usually contain Poly-atomic Usually contain Poly-atomic IonsIons

Ionic means cation and anionIonic means cation and anion

TERTIARY IONIC TERTIARY IONIC COMPOUNDS:Writing COMPOUNDS:Writing

FormulasFormulas

CaCa2+2+COCO332- 2- ->->

CaCOCaCO33

Calcium Calcium CarbonateCarbonate

TERTIARY IONIC TERTIARY IONIC COMPOUNDS: NamingCOMPOUNDS: Naming

Calcium Calcium NitrateNitrate

Ca(NOCa(NO33))22

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Transition Metals: Metals that form more Transition Metals: Metals that form more than One Cationthan One Cation

The name of metals with two or more positive ionsThe name of metals with two or more positive ions(cations) use a (cations) use a Roman numeralRoman numeral to identify ionic charge.to identify ionic charge.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lead Pb2+ lead(II)

Pb4+ lead(IV)

Naming with Transition Naming with Transition MetalsMetals

First word = CATIONFirst word = CATION Second word = ANIONSecond word = ANION Pay attention to subscript on anion to Pay attention to subscript on anion to

determine oxidation state (Roman determine oxidation state (Roman Numeral in parentheses) of Transition Numeral in parentheses) of Transition MetalsMetals

Common Transition Metals with Common Transition Metals with more than one Oxidation Statemore than one Oxidation State

CopperCopper TinTin LeadLead IronIron CobaltCobalt ManganeseManganese MercuryMercury NickelNickel

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Naming Ionic Compounds with Naming Ionic Compounds with Variable Charge MetalsVariable Charge Metals

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Naming FeClNaming FeCl22

To name FeClTo name FeCl22

1. Determine the charge of the cation using the charge 1. Determine the charge of the cation using the charge

of the anion (Clof the anion (Cl--).).

Fe ion + 2 ClFe ion + 2 Cl-- = Fe ion + 2- = 0 = Fe ion + 2- = 0

Fe ion = Fe ion = 2+2+

2. Name the cation by the element name and add a2. Name the cation by the element name and add a

Roman numeral in parenthesis to show its charge.Roman numeral in parenthesis to show its charge.

FeFe2+2+ = iron = iron(II)(II)

3. Write the anion with an 3. Write the anion with an ide ide ending. ending.

FeClFeCl22 == iron iron(II)(II) chloride chloride

Naming Transition Naming Transition MetalsMetals

Copper (I) Copper (I) OxideOxide

CuCu22OO

Writing Formulas with Writing Formulas with Transition MetalsTransition Metals

FeClFeCl33

FeClFeCl22

Iron (III) Iron (III) ChlorideChloride

Iron (II) Iron (II) ChlorideChloride

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Learning CheckLearning Check

Select the correct name for each.Select the correct name for each.A. FeA. Fe22SS33

1) iron sulfide1) iron sulfide 2) iron(II) sulfide2) iron(II) sulfide 3) iron(III) sulfide3) iron(III) sulfide

B. CuOB. CuO 1) copper oxide1) copper oxide 2) copper(I) oxide 2) copper(I) oxide 3) copper(II) oxide3) copper(II) oxide

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SolutionSolution

Select the correct name for each.Select the correct name for each.

A. FeA. Fe22SS33

3) iron (III) sulfide 3) iron (III) sulfide FeFe3+ 3+ SS2-2-

B. CuOB. CuO

3) copper (II) oxide 3) copper (II) oxide CuCu2+ 2+ OO2-2-

TYPES OF TYPES OF COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Molecular Compounds- Formed by Molecular Compounds- Formed by Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds

• • composed of molecules in composed of molecules in which elements which elements shareshare electronselectrons..

• • usually composed of 2 usually composed of 2 nonmetals. nonmetals.

• • these elements these elements areare attached attached

MOLECULAR MOLECULAR FORMULAFORMULA

DefinitionDefinition

• • shows the numbers and shows the numbers and

kinds of atoms present in a kinds of atoms present in a

molecule of a compound.molecule of a compound. i. e. i. e.

COCO

TYPES OF TYPES OF COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Molecular Compounds con’tMolecular Compounds con’t

••ExamplesExamples

CSCS22

SiOSiO22

BFBF33

BINARY MOLECULAR BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

BinaryBinary means 2 elements means 2 elementsMolecularMolecular means 2 non- means 2 non-

metalsmetalsNO ionic charges are NO ionic charges are

presentpresent

Naming Binary Naming Binary Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Prefixes are used to show how Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are present in each many atoms are present in each molecule.molecule.

Mono (1), di (2), tri (3), tetra Mono (1), di (2), tri (3), tetra (4), penta (5), hexa (6), hepta (4), penta (5), hexa (6), hepta (7), octa (8), nona (9), deca (10)(7), octa (8), nona (9), deca (10)

Writing Binary Writing Binary Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

COCO22

•no mono •no mono

prefix is used on prefix is used on

first elementfirst element

Carbon Carbon DioxideDioxide

• • Di means 2 Di means 2 oxygens!!oxygens!!

Naming Binary Naming Binary Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

2 ways it’s done!2 ways it’s done!

• • (prefix + element name)(prefix + element name)

i.e.i.e. NN22OO

dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide

Naming Binary Naming Binary Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds• • (prefix + element root + ide)(prefix + element root + ide)

i.e.i.e. PClPCl33

Phosphorous Phosphorous TriTrichlorchlorideide

All binary compounds end in All binary compounds end in ide!!!ide!!!