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CHEMICAL NAMES & FORMULAS. To describe the atomic makeup of compounds, chemists use systematic methods for naming compounds and writing formulas. Chemical Formulas. Subscript directly behind an atom applies to that atom only. H 2 O - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHEMICAL NAMES CHEMICAL NAMES & FORMULAS& FORMULAS
To describe the atomic To describe the atomic makeup of compounds, makeup of compounds, chemists use systematic chemists use systematic
methods for naming methods for naming compounds and writing compounds and writing
formulas.formulas.
Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas Subscript directly behind an atom Subscript directly behind an atom
applies to that atom only. applies to that atom only. HH22OO
Subscripts outside of parentheses Subscripts outside of parentheses applies to all atoms inside the applies to all atoms inside the parentheses.parentheses.
AlAl22(SO(SO44))33
Monatomic IonsMonatomic Ions Ions formed from a single atom.Ions formed from a single atom. Written as element symbol w/charge Written as element symbol w/charge
as superscript.as superscript. Monatomic Monatomic cations (+)cations (+)
• simply simply element’s nameelement’s name.. Monatomic Monatomic anions (-)anions (-)
• ending of element’s name is dropped.ending of element’s name is dropped.• ending –ide is added.ending –ide is added.
Examples of Monatomic IonsExamples of Monatomic Ions
Write formulas for the following Write formulas for the following monatomic ions:monatomic ions:LithiumLithium NitrideNitride
BromideBromide Iron (II)Iron (II) Write names for the following Write names for the following
monatomic ions:monatomic ions:BaBa2+2+ SnSn4+4+ SS2-2-
ClCl-- MgMg2+2+ CuCu2+2+
Binary Ionic CompoundsBinary Ionic Compounds Composed of 2 different elements. Composed of 2 different elements.
Total (+) and (-) charges must be Total (+) and (-) charges must be equal.equal.• Magnesium Flouride MgMagnesium Flouride Mg2+2++ F+ F- - = MgF= MgF22
Must have 2 (-) F’s to equal (+) 2 charge of Must have 2 (-) F’s to equal (+) 2 charge of Mg.Mg.
Charges Crossover.Charges Crossover. To name combine names of cation To name combine names of cation
and anion with cation being first.and anion with cation being first.• ZnSZnS Zinc SulfideZinc Sulfide
Binary Ionic Compound Binary Ionic Compound ExamplesExamples
Write the formula for the binary ionic compounds Write the formula for the binary ionic compounds formed between the following elements:formed between the following elements:Zinc & IodineZinc & Iodine Zinc & SulfurZinc & Sulfur
Sodium & OxygenSodium & Oxygen Calcium & NitrogenCalcium & Nitrogen
Name the binary ionic compounds indicated by Name the binary ionic compounds indicated by the following formulas:the following formulas:AgClAgCl CaBrCaBr22
BaOBaO ZnOZnO
SrFSrF22 CaClCaCl22
Stock System of Stock System of NomenclatureNomenclature
System used to distinguish between System used to distinguish between cations of elements that form more cations of elements that form more than one cation. Uses Roman than one cation. Uses Roman Numerals.Numerals.• CuClCuCl22 Copper (II) ChlorideCopper (II) Chloride
Examples of Stock System Examples of Stock System of Nomenclatureof Nomenclature
Write the formula and give the name Write the formula and give the name of the compounds formed between of the compounds formed between the ions:the ions:CuCu2+2+ & Br & Br--
FeFe3+3+ & O & O2-2-
Give the names for the following Give the names for the following compounds:compounds:CuOCuO CoFCoF33
SnISnI44 FeSFeS
Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions Most CommonMost Common -ate-ate 1 Less O1 Less O -ite-ite 2 Less O’s2 Less O’s hypo-hypo- 1 More O1 More O per-per-
Compounds Containing Compounds Containing Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
Same as Binary Ionic CompoundsSame as Binary Ionic Compounds Name of Cation given 1Name of Cation given 1stst, Name , Name
of Anion 2of Anion 2ndnd. . When Writing formula, put When Writing formula, put
parentheses around anion if parentheses around anion if more than one is present in the more than one is present in the compound.compound.
Examples of Compounds Examples of Compounds Containing Polyatomic IonsContaining Polyatomic Ions
Write the formula for the following:Write the formula for the following:Tin (IV) SulfateTin (IV) Sulfate Calcium NitriteCalcium Nitrite
Sodium IodideSodium Iodide Copper (II) SulfateCopper (II) Sulfate Give the name for the following Give the name for the following
compounds:compounds:AgAg22OO Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22
KClOKClO33 NHNH44OHOH
KClOKClO FeCrOFeCrO44
Naming Binary Naming Binary Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Unlike ionic compounds, molecular Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds are composed of individual compounds are composed of individual covalently bonded units.covalently bonded units.
Scientists use 2 systems to name these Scientists use 2 systems to name these compounds, the 1compounds, the 1stst uses prefixes. uses prefixes.
Rules for the Prefix SystemRules for the Prefix System1.1. The less-electronegative element is The less-electronegative element is
given 1given 1stst. It is given a prefix only if . It is given a prefix only if it contributes more than 1 it contributes more than 1 molecule.molecule.
2.2. 22ndnd element is named by: element is named by: Prefix indicating # of atomsPrefix indicating # of atoms Root of the elementRoot of the element The ending –ideThe ending –ide
3.3. When a prefix is used and the root When a prefix is used and the root begins w/a vowel, the o or a of the begins w/a vowel, the o or a of the prefix is dropped.prefix is dropped.
General Electronegativity OrderGeneral Electronegativity Order
C, P, N, H, S, I, Br, Cl, O, FC, P, N, H, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F
Mono is normally omitted on 2Mono is normally omitted on 2ndnd element.element.
Binary Molecular Compound Binary Molecular Compound ExamplesExamples
Name the following Binary Molecular Name the following Binary Molecular Compounds:Compounds:SOSO33 IClICl33 PBrPBr55
Write formulas for the following Write formulas for the following compounds:compounds:• Carbon TetraiodideCarbon Tetraiodide• Phosphorus TrichloridePhosphorus Trichloride• Dinitrogen TrioxideDinitrogen Trioxide
Oxidation NumbersOxidation Numbers Used in New System – Stock SystemUsed in New System – Stock System
Same as Stock System used for Same as Stock System used for Binary Ionic Compounds.Binary Ionic Compounds.
Roman Numeral is used for Oxidation Roman Numeral is used for Oxidation Number of 1Number of 1stst element in a element in a compound. 2compound. 2ndnd element is named element is named with name ending in –ide.with name ending in –ide.
Formula MassFormula Mass Sum of all the average atomic Sum of all the average atomic
masses of all the atoms masses of all the atoms represented in a formula unit.represented in a formula unit.
Round to 2 decimal places.Round to 2 decimal places.
Calculating Formula MassCalculating Formula MassAverage Atomic Mass H:Average Atomic Mass H:
1.01 amu1.01 amuAverage Atomic Mass O:Average Atomic Mass O:
16.00 amu16.00 amu2H atoms X 1.10amu/H atom =2H atoms X 1.10amu/H atom =
2.02 amu2.02 amu1O atom X 16.00amu/O atom =1O atom X 16.00amu/O atom =
16.00 amu16.00 amu
Average Atomic Mass HAverage Atomic Mass H22O:O: 2.02 amu + 16.00 amu =2.02 amu + 16.00 amu =
18.02 amu H18.02 amu H22OO
Find the Formula Mass for Find the Formula Mass for each of the following:each of the following:
Potassium ChloratePotassium Chlorate
Sulfuric AcidSulfuric Acid
Calcium NitrateCalcium Nitrate
Phosphate IonPhosphate Ion
Magnesium ChlorideMagnesium Chloride