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PolySurF™
Functional MonomersRadiation Curing Additives
for tomorrow’sTechnology
for tomorrow’sWorld
C H = C - C - O - - O - P - O H
OO
CH OR
2
3
Chemicals BV
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Contents
1. Introduction 42. Properties 5 2.1 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HP 5 2.2 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPH 6 2.3 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPL 7 2.4 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ ACE 83. Application 9 3.1 Emulsion Polymerisation 9 3.1.1EmulsifiersandStabilisers 9 3.1.2PolySurF™–advantagesinEmulsionPolymerisation 9 3.1.3 Corrosion Resistant Primer Emulsion 10 3.2RadiationCuring 11 3.2.1RadiationCurableMetalandPlasticcoatings 11
1. Introduction
Thereisanincreasingdemandforthedevelopmentanduseofenvironmentalfriendlierrawmaterialsandproductsduetolegislationand,eversoimportant:customerdemand.
Thecompositionanduseofsolventbasedproductssuchaspaint,adhesivesandprintinginkshasalreadychangeddramaticallybutneedfurtherchangesincomingyears.Thedemandfornew,environmentalfriendliersystemsisthereforestrongerthanever,notonlybasedonecologicalreasonsbutalsoduetoincreasingqualitydemand.
Ithasbeenshownthatasolutionforbothproblemsispossible:newwaterbasedsystemshavinglowornoemissionofvolatilematerialsshowingperformancematchingtheclassicsolventbasedsystems.Mainpartofthissuccesscanbeattributedtoanewgenerationofadditivesallowingmoreformulationfreedom.
ADDAPTChemicalsoffers,amongstother,anewgenerationoffunctionalmonomers/additivesforuseinemulsionpolymerisationoruseasadditivesinUV/EB-curablesystems.
ThisbrochuregivesanoverviewoftheADDAPT®PolySurF™productsforuseasadhesionpromoters,polymerisablestabilisers,polymerisableplasticizerandpolymerisablewettingagents.
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2. Properties
2.1 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HP R=H
O O || || CH2 = C – C – O - - O - P - OR | | CH3 OR = Hydrophobic group
Av. Molecular Weight: 250
Suggested applications:
• RadiationCurablesystems.• Co-monomerinPolyAcrylicPigmentDispersants.• PolymerisableStabiliserforEmulsionPolymerisationProcesses.• Suggestedend-use:
Paints&Coatings(primers;wet-scrubimprovementofemulsionsetc.)Adhesives&BondingAgentsPigmentDispersantsPrintedCircuitBoard(PCB)–SolderMasks&EtchresistfilmPhotographicFilmDetergents&CleanersRadiationCurableMetalprimersandfinishesSuperabsorbents
Product benefits:
• ExcellentMechanicalStability–NonMigratory(EmulsionPolymerisation).• ExcellentPolyvalentcationtolerance(Ca2+etc.).• Improvedpropertiesover(Meth)acrylicacidinEmulsionPolymerisation.• Highlyreactive–goodcompatibilitywithAcrylicandMethacrylicesters.• ExcellentAdhesionPromotertoallmetalsubstrates,metal-oxides,glass,ceramicsand
concrete.• Impartsverygoodcorrosioninhibitingpropertiesafterpolymerisation.• GivesflameretardantpropertiesduetothePhosphorcontent.
Note: ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HP is not a surfactant and as such has no HLB-value.
Typical chemical and physical characteristics:
Appearance Clearliquid
Odour Sweetsmell
Viscosityat25ºC 1250 - 3500 mm2/s(cSt)
Colour max.4Gardner
pH 0.5 to 3.0
Phosphorecontent ca.12%
Activecontent >99.5%
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2.2 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPH R = - (CH2 CH2O)10
O O || || CH2 = C – C – O - - O - P - OR | | CH3 OR = Hydrophobic group
Suggested applications:
• RadiationCurablesystems.• Co-monomerinPolyAcrylicPigmentDispersants.• PolymerisableStabiliserforEmulsionPolymerisationProcesses.• Suggestedend-use:
Paints&Coatings(Woodfinishes;Metalcoatings;MirrorBackingFilms)Adhesives&BondingAgentsPigmentDispersantsPrintedCircuitBoard(PCB)–SolderMasks&EtchresistfilmPhotographicFilmDetergents&CleanersRadiationCurableMetalprimersandWoodfinishes
Product benefits:
• ExcellentMechanicalStability–NonMigratory(EmulsionPolymerisation).• ExcellentPolyvalentcationtolerance(Ca2+etc.).• Improvedpropertiesover(Meth)acrylicacidinEmulsionPolymerisation.• Highlyreactive–goodcompatibilitywithAcrylicandMethacrylicesters.• VeryGoodAdhesionPromotertoallmetalsubstrates.• Impartsverygoodcorrosioninhibitingpropertiesafterpolymerisation.• ImproveswettingonmetalandwoodsubstratesinRadiationCurableSystems.
Note: ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPH is not a surfactant and as such has no HLB-value.
Typical chemical and physical characteristics:
Appearance Clearliquid
Odour Sweetsmell
Viscosityat25ºC < 350 mm2/s(cSt)
Colour max.2Gardner
pH < 3.0
Phosphoruscontent ca.6.5%
Activecontent >99.5%
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2.3 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPL R = - (CH2)10-12
O O || || CH2 = C – C – O - - O - P - OR | | CH3 OR = Hydrophobic group
Suggested applications:
• RadiationCurablesystems• Co-monomerinPolyAcrylicPigmentDispersants• PolymerisableStabiliserforEmulsionPolymerisationProcesses• Suggestedend-use:
Paints&CoatingsAdhesives&BondingAgentsPrintedCircuitBoard(PCB)–SolderMasks&EtchresistfilmPhotographicFilmRadiationCurableMetalprimersandfinishes
Product benefits:
• ExcellentNonMigratoryPlasticizer• Highlyreactive–goodcompatibilitywithAcrylicandMethacrylicesters• VerygoodAdhesionPromotertoallmetalsubstrates• VerygoodCorrosionInhibitorforMetalpastes(BronzeandAluminiumpastes)• Impartsverygoodcorrosioninhibitingpropertiesafterpolymerisation.
Typical chemical and physical characteristics:
Appearance Clearliquid
Odour Sweetsmell
Viscosityat25ºC 50 - 300 mm2/s(cSt)
Colour max.2Gardner
pH 0.5 to 2.0
Phosphoruscontent ca.10%
Activecontent >99.5%
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2.4 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ ACE
O OH || | CH2 = CH – C – O - CH2 – CH – Versatic Acid
Suggested applications:
• RadiationCurablesystems.• Co-monomerinPolyAcrylicPigmentDispersants.• Co-monomerforEmulsionPolymerisationProcesses.• Suggestedend-use:
Paints&Coatings(Woodfinishes,Automotivefinishes)Adhesives&BondingAgentsPigmentDispersantsPrintedCircuitBoard(PCB)–SolderMasks&EtchResistfilmRadiationCurablefinishes
Product benefits:
• PolymerisableMonomerwithexcellentpigmentwettingproperties.• ADDAPT®PolySurF™ACEimprovesadhesiontoPolyolefin’s,PolyethyleneTherephtalate
andPolyvinylchloride.• ImpartsHydrophobicpropertiesinEmulsions.• Highlyreactive–goodcompatibilitywithVEOVA,Styrene,Acrylic,andMethacrylicesters.• GoodAcidresistance.• Containsareactivesec.OH-groupforimprovedintercoatadhesion.• ImpartsgoodUVstabilityinresinsafterpolymerisation.
Typical chemical and physical characteristics:
Appearance Clearliquid
Odour Acidicsmell
Viscosityat25ºC < 300 mm2/s(cSt)
Colour max.2Gardner
pH 2.5 to 4.5
Tgofhomopolymer 0 °C
Activecontent >99.5%
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3. Application
3.1 Emulsion PolymerisationNaturallatexeshavebeenusedformanycenturies.Infact,syntheticrubberlatexes,whichwereamongthefirstcommercialproductsofemulsionpolymerisationprocesses,becameimportantasasubstitutefornaturalrubber.
Modernsyntheticlatexesfindapplicationascoatings,printingink,(pressuresensitive)adhesives,bindersinpaper,papercoatingandtextileproducts,medicalproductsandmanyotherareas.Theseproductsarenormallymarketedandusedinlatexform.Otherproductssuchaselastomersandengineeringplasticsareseparatedfromtheaqueousphasepriortouse.
Emulsionpolymersareproducedinawidevarietyofprocesses.Conventionalemulsionpolymerisationinvolvesthedispersionofanorganicmonomerinanaqueousphasewithanoil-in-wateremulsifierfollowedbypolymerisationwithafree-radicalinitiatorthatisnormallywater-soluble.Theproductisacolloidaldispersionofpolymerparticlescalledlatex.Thetermslatex,polymercolloidandemulsionpolymerareusedsynonymouslyinthisarticle.
Ingredientsforatypicalemulsionpolymerisationsysteminclude:
• Water–thecontinuousphase• Emulsifiers and Stabilisers• Monomer or Monomer Mixture• Initiator system• Minoringredients–additives(Defoamer,Biocideetc.)
ThechoiceofEmulsifiers,Stabilisers,monomersandcombinationsthereof,togetherwiththeinitiatorsystemwill,toalargeextend,determinetheend-propertiesoftheresultingpolymerlike:filmformation,flexibility,watersensitivityetc.
3.1.1 Emulsifiers and StabilisersEmulsifiers(surfactants)andStabilisersareusedinemulsionpolymerisationtooptimisecolloidalstabilityoftheemulsionduringpolymerisation,storageandapplicationincludingoptimisationofthefilmformationprocess.
Traditional Surfactantsincreasewatersensitivityofthefinalfilmduetosurfactantmigration(blooming)towardsthefilmsurface.Polymeric Surfactantswerelaunchedtoestablishanirreversibleabsorbedprotectivelayertotheparticlesurface.Althoughslow,migrationofthesesurfactantsishoweverstilllikelytooccur.Alsoincertaincasesthesepolymericsurfactanthavethetendencytore-emulsifyand/orgiverisetoanundesirablecontinuousplaticizingorsofteningeffect.
InadditiontoEmulsifiers,StabiliserslikeAcrylicacid,MethacrylicacidandItaconicacidareusedtofurtheroptimisethestabilityoftheemulsion.Majordrawbacksareincreasedwatersensitivity,poorpolyvalentcationstabilityandincaseofAcrylicacid,homo-polymerisationleadingtohighlywatersensitivepolyacrylatesoligomers.
3.1.2 PolySurF™ – advantages in Emulsion PolymerisationTheHydrophobicmoietynexttothePhosphonateinthePolySurF™productspreventsundesirablesaponificationassometimesobservedinSulfonatecontainingalternatives.
AsapolymerisableStabiliser,thePolySurF™HPachievesexceptionalmechanicalstabilityinemulsioncoatings.Itbecomesanintegralpartofthefilm,resistingleaching.Itimprovesadhesiontometalsurfacesandgivesanti-corrosionproperties.ItisanexcellentalternativeforAcrylicacid,improvingthetolerancetowardsCa2+-ions.
PolySurF™ HPHfunctionsasanethoxylatednon-ionicstabiliserrecommendablefornon-ionicstabilisedemulsions.Nexttobeingaverygoodadhesionpromoterformetalsurfaces,italsogivesverygoodwettingofmetalandwoodsurfaceswhenincorporatedintotheemulsionpolymer.
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PressureSensitiveAdhesivesforinstancehavebeennegativelyaffectedbythemovetowardswaterbasedformulations.Pooreradhesionwasattributedtothemigrationofsurfactantsintheemulsioncausingfailurebetweenadhesiveandsubstrate.IncorporationofPolySurF™HPHcouldovercomesuchproblems.
PolySurF™HPLcanbeusedasapolymerisableplasticizerviaemulsionpolymerisation.Becominganintegralpartofthefinalpolymer,nomigrationwilloccur.PolySurF™HPLcanalsoberecommendedforproductionofPVCviaemulsionpolymerisation.
3.1.3 Corrosion Resistant Primer Emulsion Description:VEOVA/AcrylatecopolymeremulsionshowinganexcellentlevelofsaltsprayresistancewhenformulatedinCorrosionResistantPrimers.
Number Amount (Kg) Raw materialInitial reactor chargeNo.1 1000.0 WaterdemiNo.2 200.0 ADDAPT®PEX™136(SeeNote1)No.3 7.0 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPNo.4 10.0 AmmoniumHydroxide25%No.5 2.0 PotassiumPersulphateNo.6 154.0 Waterdemi
Monomer pre-emulsionNo.7 1200.0 VEOVA 10No.8 600.0 MethylMethacrylateNo.9 140.0 ButylAcrylate(or2-EthylhexylAcrylate)No.10 200.0 PhospholanPE169(SeeNote1)No.11 8.0 PotassiumPersulphateNo.12 14.0 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPNo.13 20.0 Acrylicacid(SeeNote2)No.14 953.0 WaterDemiNo.15 4.0 ProxelXL2(oridentical)ex-ZenecaNo.16 21.4 AmmoniumHydroxide25%
Note1: ADDAPT®PEX™136,10%aqueoussolution,pH=9 Alkylethoxylatephosphateester(ADDAPTChemicalsBV)Note2: Dependingonstabilityandgritformation,ifpossibleavoidusageandsubstituteby
PolySurF™ HP.
ProcedureI. Charge(1)tothereactorandheatto80°Cunderaflowofnitrogen.II. Dissolve(2),(3),(4)and(5)inwater(6)andchargetothereactor.Meanwhilethe
reactorispurgedwithnitrogen.
III. Whenthetemperaturereaches80ºCagain,thenitrogenflowisstopped.IV. Mix(7),(8)and(9)andaddunderstirring(10),(11),(12),(13)and(14)untilastable
pre-emulsionisobtained.V. Add2.5%(volume)ofthispre-emulsiontothereactor(seed).VI. Afteraperiodoffiveminutes,theremainingpre-emulsionisaddedtothereactor
during3hoursat85ºC.VII. Afterdosage,keepthetemperatureat85°Cfortwohours.VII.CooldowntoT<30°Candadd(15)and(16).
PropertiesSolidcontentMFFTpHEmulsionViscosityEmulsion
45.0±0.5%15ºC8.0 ± 0.5450±75mPa.s(Brookfield)
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3.2 Radiation Curing
AdhesiontometalsandplasticsurfacesremainachallengingproblemofformulatorsofUV/EBcurablesystems.Inmanycases,thesesubstratesmustbecleanedorpre-treatedtoremoveresidualdirt,oiloroxidationresiduesthatexistsonthesurface.
Soiledsurfaceswillalsogivepoorwettingofthesurfacetherebynegativelyinfluencingadhesionandgiverisetosurfacedefectsofthefinalcoating.
Formulationsarethereforeaimedtodevelopsystemswhichnotonlywetthesurface,butuponcuring,exhibitlowshrinkagetominimizestressandtooptimisebondformationwiththesurfaceofthesubstrate.Althoughaproperchoiceoftheoligomerssystemplaysanimportantrole,useoffunctionaladditiveslikePolySurF™-productscanbringthefinaldesiredproperties.
Inparagraph3.2.1sometypicalformulations,usingPolySurF™productsasadditive,areshown.
3.2.1 Radiation Curable Metal and Plastic coatings
UV curable coating for Polycarbonate
1 SARTOMER,2CIBAadditives
UV curable clear coating for Aluminium
1 COGNIS-RCC13-429,2 CIBAadditives,3 BASF
Further formulations are available upon request.
The information in this bulletin is believed to be accurate, but all recommendations are made without warranty since the conditions of use are beyond ADDAPT Chemicals BV control. The listed proper-ties are illustrative only, and not product specifications unless stated otherwise. ADDAPT Chemicals BV disclaims any liability in connection with the use of information, and does not warrant against in-fringement by reason of the use of its products in combination with other material or in any process.
Component %Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)IsocyanurateTriacrylate(SR-368)1 35.0 1.6HexanediolDiacrylate 29.0 PentaerythritolTetraacrylate 29.0 ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPL 2.0 Darocure11732 3.0 Irgacure1842 2.0
Component %PolyesterAcrylateOligomer,lowMw.(1000)1 26.0ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HP 1.0ADDAPT® PolySurF™ HPH 2.0PHOTOMER® 40281 10.0PHOTOMER® 40391 20.0PHOTOMER® 40721 33.0PHOTOMER® 811 3.0Darocur11732 3.0Triethanolamine3 2.0
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CONTACT INFORMATION
ADDAPT Chemicals B.V.
Speltdijk15704RJHelmondTheNetherlands
Tel.:+31(0)492597575Fax: +31(0)492552955
E-mail:[email protected]://www.addapt-chem.com
LiabilityAll recommendations for the use of our products, whether given by us in writing, oral, or to be implied from the results of tests carried out by us, are based on the current state of our knowledge. Under no circum-stances shall Seller be liable for incidental, consequential or indirect damage for alleged negligence, breach of warranty, strict liability, tort or contract arising in connection with product(s). Seller’s sole liability for any claims shall be Buyer’s purchase price. Data and results are based on controlled lab work and must be confirmed by Buyer by testing for its intended conditions of use. The product(s) has/have not been tested for, and is/are therefore not recommended for, uses for which prolonged contact with mucous membranes, abraded skin or blood is intended, or for uses for which implantations within the human body is intended.
© ADDAPT Chemicals BV, 2017-03