China

In the 20th Century

Standards

• SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century.d. Describe the impact of communism in

China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.

Huang He, Mekong, Yangtze, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Gobi, Taklimakan, Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam

What do we know?

1. How many people live in China?

2. What kind of government?

3. What type of economy?

4. Where do people live?

5. Environmental issues?

6. Major geographic features?

7. Key border nations?

The new Republic of China

§ Nationalist Party ended Chinese Dynasty rule with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.

§ Sun Yat-Sen was 1st President (1912-1925)

§ Sought to end foreign control in China’s affairs

§ Unstable times

Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek

• Second leader of the Republic of China

• 1929 formed Nationalist Republic of China

• Civil War with Mao Zedong and Communist Party

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary

• 1921- One of the founders of Chinese Communist Party

• Led the Long March (1934-1935) after defeat by Chiang’s army

• 1949 Defeated Nationalist- created People’s Republic of China

• Chairman of the Communist Party (1949-1976)

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

The Long March• 6,000 mile trek of the Red Army of the Chinese

Communist (chased by the Nationalist Party).• Communist relocated from Southeast to

Northwest.• They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24

rivers.• Marched without supplies- foraging and

gathering• 100,000 men began • the trek; only 8,000 • arrived 1 year later in Yan’an.

The Long MarchThe Long March

The Long March…

Mount Jiajin- 1st mountain on Long March

Mao Zedong - Man of the People

The Three Rules of

Discipline

● Prompt obedience to orders,

● No confiscation of peasant

property, and

● Prompt delivery directly to

authorities of all items

confiscated from landlords.

Eight Points for

Attention

• Be polite when speaking

• Be honest when buying and

selling

• Return all borrowed articles

• Pay compensation for

everything damaged

• Do not hit or swear at others

• Do not damage crops

• Do not harass females

• Do not mistreat prisoners

Communist Revolution 1946-1949Communist Revolution 1946-1949

• Nationalist and Communist are side by side during WWII.

• The end of the World War was the beginning of …CIVIL WAR!

Chinese Red Army (Communist ) takes power from NationalistShanghai- 1949

The Communist Victory

The Communist Victory

How did they win?How did they win?

§ Mao won support of peasants – land § Mao won support of women§ Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics§ Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt§ Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

Time Line China

1929 Chiang Kai-shek forms nationalist republic

1934-35 Long March of Communists

1939-45 World War II: Japan Invades China

Communists and Nationalist work together

1945-49 Civil War won by Communists

1949-76 Mao leads People’s Republic

The People’s Republic of China

The People’s Republic of China

• Mao Zedong announces formation of PRC on October 1, 1949 in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing

• Communist rule in China begins

• Wanted collective (Command Economy) ownership in agriculture and industry

Communist China Under Mao

Communist China Under Mao

• Industrialized China

• Increased literacy

• Class privileges ended

• One-party dictatorship

• Denied people basic rights and freedoms

• Overtook Inner Mongolia & Tibet

Great Leap Forward, 1958Great Leap Forward, 1958● 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry

● Established Collectives● Groups of people who live and work together to achieve production quotas● Property held and controlled by government

● Ended after 2 years – failure for Mao● Farmers missed owning land, produced less, no motivation to work hard● Poor crops due to bad weather and “close planting”

• Resulted in massive famine• Over 10 million died in 1960 alone

Cultural Revolution, 1966Cultural Revolution, 1966

● Renew revolutionary spirit and establish an equal society● Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place- students encouraged to leave school and fight anything that promoted classes● Red Guards were students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers- some were jailed, some killed● Fear of Capitalism-

private ownership

*Result was chaos*

Mao’s Attempt to take backAbsolute power!

The Red GuardThe Red Guard

Propaganda PostersPropaganda Posters

What do you see…

Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping • Deng Xiaoping becomes

new leader of China• Opens markets to limited Capitalism

to encourage growth.• Allows limited westernization (Coca-

Cola in 1978, KFC in 1987)• GDP rockets upward.

Command

Market

Mao Deng

Tiananmen Square, 1989Tiananmen Square, 1989

• Located in the city of Beijing

• Size: 109 acres• Several important

monuments and buildings are located there

Tiananmen Square, 1989Tiananmen Square, 1989

• Thousands of students and workers protested for democratic reforms and corruption in the government.

• Occupied square for 7 weeks.

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Democracy — OurCommon Ideal!

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Goddess of Democracy

Tiananmen Square Protest Ends…Tiananmen Square Protest Ends…

• Government used military force to end demonstration.

• Goddess of Democracy

destroyed by soldiers

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

June 4, 1989

Student leaders are arrested

Hundreds were killed, ten thousand injured, and thousands “arrested”

Type 59 Chinese Tank72,000 lbs8.5 feet tall

20 feet long/11 feet wide

video clip (June 5, 1989)

Jeff WidenerCharlie Cole

Stuart Franklin

Terril Jones Arthur Tsang Hin Wah

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

No fighting but no peace either.

Warm Up and Review

1. First leader of communist China?

2. Goal of Great Leap Forward?

3. Amount of private ownership under Mao?

4. Enemy of the Cultural Revolution?

5. Families of rulers in China?

6. One who believes nation should be independent?

7. A command economy is a _________ economy.

8. Goal of protesters in Tiananmen Square?

9. Monarch in Japan?

What do you think?

What do you think- 19 years after Tiananmen

Square?