CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS DONG Chaohua National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC) China Meteorological Administration

CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE

METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS

DONG Chaohua

National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC)

China Meteorological Administration (CMA)Beijing 100081, P. R. China

[email protected]

CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS

1. INTRODUCTION2.CURRENT POLAR ORBITING

METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM

3.CURRENT GEOSTATIONARY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM

4.FUTURE POLAR ORBITING SATELLITE SYSTEM

5.FUTURE GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE SYSTEMS

6.SUMMARY

CONTENTS


Chinese meteorological satellite program began from 1970’sConsist of two series: LEO-SAT

GEO-SAT Satellite name: Feng-Yun, abbreviated as

FY-seriesChinese words feng-yun in English standards for “ winds and clouds”Fy-odd numbers for polar orbiting satelliteFY-even numbers for geostationary satellite

1. INTRUDOCTION


The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) take the responsibility for the development of space segmentspace segment

China Meteorological Administration (CMA) is in charge of the ground segmentground segment


Four polar orbiting satellites had been launched by china: FY-1A/B (exp)FY-1C/D (ope)

Improvements of FY-1C/D:− Reliability : 1999 - 2004 (FY-1C) 2002 - (FY-1D)− Spectral channels: from 5 to 10− Data transmission rate: from 0.66

54 - 1.3308 Mbps

2. CURRENT POLAR ORBITING METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM


Transmission modes: HRPT (1708 MHZ) DLPT (1700 MHZ) DGPT (1700 MHZ)EIRP: 39.4 dbmAltitude: FY-1C 873km; FY-1D 866kmPeriod: 102.3 minutes Inclination: 98.8Descending node (lst): 08:15 (FY-1C), 08:45 (F

Y-1D)Design life: 2 years

Major characteristics of FY-1C/D


The channel characteristics of MVISR of FY-1C/D

Channel

Wavelength ( m)

Primary Use

1 0.58-0.68 Daytime cloud, ice and snow, vegetation

2 0.84-0.89 Daytime cloud, vegetation

3 3.55-3.95 Heat source, night cloud

4 10.3-11.3 SST, day/night cloud

5 11.5-12.5 SST, day/night cloud

6 1.58-1.64 Soil moisture, ice/snow distinguishing

7 0.43-0.48 Ocean colour



10 0.90-0.985 Water vapour


FY-1 Data Flow Schematic diagram

DPC (Beijing )

VSAT

VSAT

Optical Fiber

Beijing

Guangzhou

Urumqi

Users


Two geostationary satellites were

launched by China: FY-2A/B(exp)− FY-2A located at 86, not working

now

− FY-2B located at 105: 2000-

half hemisphere (north) since last

year

− Broadcasting S-VISSR data

− three channels : IR, VI, WV

3. CURRENT GEOSTATIONARY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM


Major Characteristics of VISSR onboard FY-2B

Visible Infrared Water Vapor

Wavelength 0.5-1.05 m 10.5-12.5m 6.2-7.6m

Resolution 1.25 Km 5 Km 5 Km

FOV 35 rad 140rad 140rad

Scan Line 2500×4 2500 2500

Detector Si-photo-diode HgCdTe HgCdTe

Noise Performance

S/N=6.5 (albedo=2.5%)S/N=43 (albedo=95%)

NEDT=0.5-0.65k (300k)

NEDT=1k (300K)

Quantification Precision

6 bits 8 bits 8 bits

Scan step angle

140 rad (N-S scanning)


−two research and development (R&D) satellites

−Five operational satellites−Launch schedule: 2006

FY-3A

4. Future Polar orbiting satellite system

FY-3 series is second generation


The Mission of FY-3 Series (1/2)

Global sounding capability To obtain three-dimensional

thermal structure and water vapor distribution of the atmosphere, cloud and other parameters, to support NMC global NWP


The Mission of FY-3 Series (2/2)

Global imaging capability To monitor severe weather,

hydrological and meteorological disasters and biosphere environment, provide information for climate observations

Data collection and transmission capability


Main specifications of the FY-3 (1/2)

Orbit altitude: 836 km Orbit: Sun-synchronous, inclination=98.728 Eccentricity: better than 0.0034 Descending Nodal time: 10:10 am (LST) Shift Nodal time maintained: 10 mins(2

years) Power: 1100 watts (orbital average,

estimated) Weight: 2200 kg (estimated up to now)


Attitude control: Three axis stabilization− Pointing accuracy: better than 0.3 degree− Pointing stability: better than 0.004

deg/sec− Pointing knowledge requirement: better

than 0.05 deg Solar panel: tracking to the sun

Main specifications of the FY-3 (2/2)


The Imaging Mission:The Imaging Mission:VIRR Visible and InfRared RadiometerMERSI Medium Resolution Spectral

Imager

MWRI Microwave Radiation Imager The Sounding MissionThe Sounding Mission

IRAS InfraRed Atmospheric SounderASI Atmospheric Sounding

Interferometer

MWTS MicroWave Temperature SounderMWHS MicroWave Humidity Sounder


SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder

TOU Total Ozone Unit

The Complementary MissionThe Complementary MissionSIM Solar Irradiation Monitor

ERM Earth Radiation Measurement

SEM Space Environment Monitor


Name of Instrume

nt

Number of

Channels

Spectral

range Field of Views /line

Spatial Resoluation at Sub

point (km)

VIRR 10 0.43 – 12.5μm 2048 1.1

IRAS 26 0.69 – 15.5 μm 56 17

MWTS 4 50 – 57 GHz 15 50/75

MWHS 5 150 – 183 GHz 90 15

MERSI 20 0.41 – 12.5 μm 2048/8192 1.1/250

SBUS 12 252 – 280 nm 240 70/10

TOU 6 309 – 361 nm 31 50

MWRI 6 10.65 – 150 GHz 240 15-70

ASI TBD

Basic Information for Each InstrumentBasic Information for Each Instrument


Transmission modes:

AHRPT: 1698 - 1710 MHz, 4.2 Mbps

MPT: 7750 - 7850 MHz , 18.7 Mbps

DPT : 8024 - 8400 MHz, 93.0 Mbps

Data Format And Transmission Data Format And Transmission SchemeScheme Data Format CCSDS (Consultative Committee for

Space Data Systems )


FY-3 Ground SegmentFY-3 Ground Segment

7 receiving stations one of the stations will be in Svalbard Norway (waiting for approving)

Products from FY-3 will be broadcasted by DVBS


The first two satellites FY-3A and FY-3B and the on-board instruments are underway

The corresponding ground segment is being designed.

What is going on about FY-3 ?



FY-2C/D/E satellites : 1st generation and ope.

Improvements of FY-2C/D/E on the basis of FY-2A/B−Channel numbers: from 3 to 5−Split IR window channels and 3.5-4.0

µm−Data quantization level of IR: from 256-

1024−LRIT data transmission−S-VISSR data transmission−Launch schedule: October, 2004 (FY-2

C) 2007 (F

Y-2D) 2010 (F

Y-2E)

5.5.Future Geostationary satellite Future Geostationary satellite systemssystems


Transmission frequency: 1687.5MHzEIRP: 57.5 dbmPolarization: linearData rate: 660KbpsBandwidth: 2MHzModulation: PCM/BPSKData coverage: S-VISSR(5 channels)

S-VISSR transmission S-VISSR transmission characteristicscharacteristics


The channel characteristics of The channel characteristics of VISSRVISSR

FY-2C FY-2C

VIS IR1 IR2 IR3 WV

Wavelength(μm)

0.55 – 0.9910.3-11.3

11.5-12.5

3.5-4.0 6.3-7.6

FOV (μr) 35 140 140 140 140

Spatial resolution(km)

1.25 5 5 5 5

S/N 1.5 (0.5%)

Dynamic range

0 - 98 %180 ～ 330K

180-280K

Temperature resolution

0.4-0.2K

0.4-0.2k

0.5-0.3k

0.6-0.5k

Quantization level

64 1024 1024 1024 256


The manufacture of FY-2C is underway.

Ground segment of FY-2C is nearly ready for launch

What is going on about FY-2C ?


Constellation including two series: refer to A series and B series

A: VIS and IR satellites, early launch around 2012

B: microwave satellites, early launch around 2015

Second Generation of Geostationary: FY-4Second Generation of Geostationary: FY-4


Consideration of “A” type payload

Powerful imager with more than 10 channels

A hyper-spectral instrument is pursued on as the IR sounder with reasonable spatial resolution

Lighting mapper for locating the thunderstorm in flooding season


Consideration of “B” type payload

Microwave sounder working on higher frequencies for sounding the cloudy atmosphere

CCD camera with high spatial resolution for frequent high resolution imagery observation for the severe weather


To have enhanced control capability

Application will cover weather,

climate and environment, as well as

rapid response fields

FY-4 ground segment


Now FY-4 is at the definition and pre-configuration stage

Some of the key technical studies are underway

The first satellite is scheduled to be developed during 2006-2012

Launch after FY-2E (2012)

What is going on about FY-4 ?


6. SUMMARY

To meet national requirements and modernizing the meteorological service of China and world meteorological community. China will continue her effort to develop two types (LEO and GEO).

Chinese satellites are not only benefit the nation of China, but also a valuable contribution to the international meteorological, hydrological and environmental community.


The EndThe End

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CHINA’S CURRENT AND FUTURE METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS DONG Chaohua National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC) China Meteorological Administration