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Chinese Conflict and Confusion 1911-1937. When we left China, how was it doing? Opium War Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion Open Door Policy. A. FALL OF IMPERIAL CHINA. China’s last emperor forced out of power on 1912 Sun Yixian and Revolutionary Alliance plan to take over - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chinese Conflict and Confusion 1911-1937
When we left China, how was it doing? Opium War
Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion Open Door Policy
A. FALL OF IMPERIAL CHINA1. China’s last emperor forced out
of power on 1912
2. Sun Yixian and Revolutionary Alliance plan to take over
3. Problem - warlords
WARLORDSa. Regional generals with
private armies
b. De-centralize power
c. Prevented Sun from unifying China
CLEAR IT UP!
WATCH THE HIGHLY EDUCATIONAL VIDEO CLIP FROM NBC STUDIOS TO MORE FULLY UNDERSTAND WHAT A WARLORD IS.
AFTER THE FALL4. 1912 - Sun elected President
of the Republic of China – army refuses to support him
5. Yuan Shikai (powerful general) takes command, reorganizesa. Becomes a military dictatorb. Revolts break out, peasants
suffer
Yuan Shikai
YUAN A REVOLUTION?1. 1917 – China declares war
on Germany (too late)
a. Versailles – Japan gets German Asian colonies
b. Reaction of the Chinese people?
2. MAY FOURTH MOVEMENTa. May 4, 1919 - Major
demonstrations across China
b. People demanded self-rule for China
c. Many turn to Communism (have a model)
d. Sun back in power in early 1920s, but dies 1925
CONFLICTNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTSJiang Jieshi Mao Zedong
CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS
Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong
1. 1930 – Full out civil wara. Mao recruits peasants to join his Red Armyb. Trains in guerilla warfare
2. 1933 – Jiang gathers an army of 700,000 men to attack
a. outnumbered Mao’s forces 6-1
CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS
Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong
3. 1934– Communist forces flee on Long Marcha. 6,000 mile marchb. 100,000 begin the marchc. Only 10-30,000 survived. Survivors settle into caves
CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS
Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong
CIVIL WARNATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS
Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong
1937 – Japan invades China• Interrupts the civil war – bigger enemy is here
Sun Yixian (Sun Yee-Shuan) Yuan Shikai (She-kai)
Jiang Jieshi (Jee-She) Mao Zedong (Zay-dong)
British India Gains Independence
Impact of Gandhi’s Satyagraha
A. Nationalism In India1. Nationalism led by wealthy, educated Indians
a. Indian National Congress (Hindus)b. Muslim League (Muslims)c. Unified to fight off British under the leadership of
Gandhi
Mohandas Gandhi1. Teachings blended Hindu, Islam & Christianity
2. “Mahatma” – Great Soul
3. Satyagraha: preached civil disobedience; not violencea. 1920: convinced Indian
Nat’l Congress to adopt Satyagraha
b. Boycott: GB goods, schools, cloth
c. Economic disaster for GB
WHAT DOES CHURCHILL THINK???
The violence begins…
WORLD WAR I
• GB backs off promise of self-rule for India’s help in WWI• Creation of the Rowlatt Act
ROWLATT ACT
• 1919: Indians protest against remaining 2nd class citizens• GB passes act that jails all protestors w/o trial; 2 years
AMRISTAR MASSACRE
• April 1919: Peaceful Indian protest against Rowlatt Act turns violent; over 10,000 Indians gathered; GB scared
• GB opens fire on crowd; killing 400+ Indians
Amristar Massacre
Gandhi’s impact…
SATYAGRAHA
• 1920: Gandhi convinces INC to adopt no violence against GB• Boycotts hurt GB economic profit
SALT MARCH
• 1930: Gandhi led 240 mile march to sea to harvest salt• Demonstrations at GB Salt Works cause brutal beatings from GB ;
world was watching int’l support
SELF-RULE
• GB granted self-rule in India• 1935: Government of India Act- local self-gov’t & limited democratic
elections• Muslims and Hindus can’t agree…problems yet to come
Salt March
Salt March
