Chinese Literature [Autosaved] 2 - Copy

7/28/2019 Chinese Literature [Autosaved] 2 - Copy

1/29

WELCOME TO CHINA !!!


2/29

The flag of China was officially adopted on October 1, 1949.

The red of the Chinese flag symbolizes the communist

revolution, and it's also the traditional color of the people.

The large gold star represents communism,

The four smaller stars represent the social classes of the

people.

In addition, the five stars together reflect the importance placed

on the number five in Chinese thought and history.


3/29

CHINESE LITERATURE

1000 B.C.- A.D.1890

Know contentment

And you will suffer no disgrace;Know when to stop

And you will meet with no danger.

You can then endure.

- the Tao Te Ching


4/29

Poetry is a part of everyday life throughout the

history of China

Poets have been among the most highly

regarded members of Chinese Society

2nd -12 th centuries A.D. the main Chinesepoetic form was the Shih Ching ( The Book ofSongs) Even the number of lines , each of which has the

same number of words

Often expressed personal emotions Many have brooding or trouble tone , but can

express contentment

LITERARY CONTEXT


5/29

Contrast between Chinese and Western

modes of philosophic thinking

Western philosophers seek out the being of

things, the essent ial reality lying behind

appearances

Chinese principal and establishment and

cultivation of harmonious relationships within

their social structures

Chinese thinking is far more concrete , thisworldly and above all, practical.

CHINESE PHILOSOPHY


6/29

Chinese attitudes and beliefs

were shaped by 3 religious and

philosophical schools:

Taoism

Confucianism

Buddhism

CULTURAL CONTEXT


7/29

Tao- path or the way

Stresses freedom , simplicity and the

mythical contemplation of nature

(Tao)

Force that controlled the universe

Beyond the scope of human concerns

, but can see its workings by

observing nature

TAOISM


8/29

Avoid human desires

Not educating

Not honoring men of worth or

encourage cleaver to act

Cause jealousy and greed

Opposite of Confucianism

TAOISM


9/29

How people act moral behavior

Social relations based on

subordination: family ruled by

authoritarian father , state ruled by

authoritarian king.

Respect and obey those with superior

status

However, governed by the concept

ren with a loving attitude towards

others

CONFUCIANISM


10/29

Tried to teach students to become

true gentlemen- morally and

spiritually

Must conduct oneself in a virtuous

manner, those in power serve as

models

Heaven is the supreme moral

authority , which dictates how one

must live.

CONFUCIANISM


11/29

To lead a moral life

To be mindful and aware of thoughts

and actions

To develop wisdom and

understanding

Life is sorrow and sorrow is caused by

desires

Rid self of desires

Does not claim to be God

Attain enlightenment through

meditation

BUDDHISM


12/29

Solutions to our problems are within

ourselves

Beliefs are incorporated into poetry

through symbols, imagery and

language of Chinese Literature

Quietude and calmness is a central

notion in Buddhist thought

BUDDHISM


13/29

TRADITION AND CULTURE


14/29

Red is the Color of Weddings in China Red is central to the wedding theme of

China. It signifies love, joy and

prosperity and is used in a variety of

ways in Chinese wedding traditions .

The bride's wedding down is often red,

as are the wedding invitations, and

wedding gift boxes or envelopes for

cash gifts. Even the bride and groom's

homes are decorated in red on the

wedding day.

CHINESE WEDDING TRADITIONS


15/29

Event: Chinese New Year Date: The

first day of a year in lunar ca lendar,

usually between late Jan and early

Feb

Activities: fireworks display, visiting

and greeting, Yangke dancing, lion

and dragon dancing, holding temple

fairs and many other great folklore-

inspection events.

CHINESE FESTIVALS


16/29

This was a time for the Chinese to

congratulate each other and

themselves on having passed

through another year, a time to

finish out the old, and to welcome in

the new year.

Common expressions heard at this

time are: GUONIAN to have made itthrough the old year, and BAINIAN tocongratulate the new year.

CHINESE FESTIVALS


17/29

Event: Lantern Festival Date: 15th ofthe first lunar month

Activit ies: Lanterns expositions,garden parties, f irework displays and

folk dances.

The New Year celebrations ended on

the 15th of the Fir st Moon with

the Lantern Festival . In the legend, the Jade Emperor in

Heaven was so angered at a town for

kil l ing his favorite goose, that he

decided to destroy it with a storm of

fire.

CHINESE FESTIVALS


18/29

Event: Dragon Boat Festival Date: Date: 5th day of the 5th

lunar month

Activities: Dragon Boat races andeating Zong Zi (pyramid shapedrice wrapped in reed or bamboo

leaves

CHINESE FESTIVALS


19/29

Chinese jade ornamentwith dragon and phoenix design,

late Spring and Autumn

Period (722 BC-482 BC).


20/29

Vegetables are the main

ingredients.

The Chinese people like well-

prepared food.

Chinese also like to eat together, a

tradition that can be traced back a

long time ago.

Tea drinking is an integral part of

Chinese life and the Chinese food

experience.

CHINESE CUISINE IS NOTED FOR THEFOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:


21/29

A good education has always been highly

valued in China, as the people bel ieve that

education ensures not only the future and

development of the individual but also thefamily and the country as a whole.

The great master Confucius taught that 'i t

is a pleasure to learn something and to try i tout at intervals' . Similarly, numerous

students have been convinced that ' reading

books excels al l other careers' .

EDUCATION


22/29

As far back as the Shang Dynasty

(16th century BC - 11th centur y BC),

inscriptions on bones or tortoise

shells were the simple records of

teaching and learning. In the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th

century BC - 771 BC), nobles built

schools to teach their children, as

their offsprings would be the

officials of the future, while thosewho were gifted but of poor families

could but dream of approaching

state affairs.

EDUCATION


23/29

The development of education system led to a

form of evaluation that became the mea ns by

which dynastic China appointed those with

talents as officials.

In general, this process can be divided into

three periods - 'chaju' and 'zhengpi' in the

Han Dynasty, the ' j iupin zhongzheng' system

from Han to the Northern and Southern

Dynasties, and the Imperial Examination

which survived from the Sui Dynasty (589 -

618) r ight through to the last feudal dyna sty

Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911).

EDUCATION


24/29

Chinese ( ) comprises of seven main dialects,

Mandarin ( ) , Cantonese ( , ) , Hakka (

) , Wu ( ) , Min ( ) , Xiang ( ) , and Gan ( ) .

The var iety of Mandarin based on the speech in the

capital Bei j ing is the off icia l nat ional language of

mainland China and is termed Ptnghu , Common

language ( ) .

The de facto common language in Hong Kong and

overseas Chinese communit ies is Cantonese. Amongst

the off icia l languages of Taiwan are Mandarin,

Taiwanese, and Hakka .

THE CHINESE LANGUAGE


25/29

All varieties of Chinese belong to the

Sino-Tibetan family of languages.

Members of the Sinitic family are

typically tonal, meaning that different

tones, or intonations, distinguish wordsthat otherwise are pronounced

identically.

Chinese by origin is monosyllabic. The

vocabulary of dialects more recent in the

linguistic tree such are Mandarin tend to

become more polysyllabic (compound

words) as an adjustment to the loss of a

number of sounds compared to ancient

Chinese.

THE CHINESE LANGUAGE


26/29

THE CHINESE ALPHABET In the Chinese alphabet, small letters are written like capital

letters, and vice versa.

i

B bC xD dE y

F i fG jH i ch

I i

J jiK kiL i lM i mN i nO P pQ j wR i rS i sT tU y wV wiW du bi r wiX y k sY w iZ zi d


27/29


28/29

The 100 yuan note has picturesof four of the founders of thePeople's Republic of China.From right to left these are :Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, LiuShaoqi, and Zhu De.

CHINESE MONEY AND COUNTING


29/29

Chinese martial arts , popularlyreferred to as kung fu or gung fu,

CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS

is a series of fighting styles which hasdeveloped over a long historical period

in China. Nowadays, it is regarded as a

traditional sport gaining more and more

popularity and even stands as a

representative for Chinese culture.

Documents

Chinese Literature [Autosaved] 2 - Copy