1

Topic of the month:

Problems found dur-

ing the safety inspec-

tion of civilian nuclear

power facilities

Scientific article:

Study on the Impact

of the Fukushima Ac-

cident on Nuclear

Power Plant’s Site

Selection in China

Coming events:

The 3rd International

Conference on Asian

Nuclear Prospects

2012

The Ninth National

Mining Academic

Conference & Mining

Technology and

Equipment Show

News highlights:

China’s nuclear in-

dustry in need of pro-

fessionals

Progress in China’s

third-generation nu-

clear technology

More valves are

needed in nuclear

power plants in

China

AP1000 shield build-

ing plan discussed in

Beijing

12th Five-Year nu-

clear safety projects

worth RMB 80 billion

SERC planning to

allow private capital

in the state power

industry

Issue No.50, July, 2012

YOUR ACCESS TO CHINESE NUCLEAR POWER MARKET

Lead Story Headline

Top interview

Cameco Fuel Manufacturing: a reliable nuclear fuel partner and

localization facilitator

Velan: Rooted in China and Close to Customers

Editorial team:

Arnaud Lefevre-Baril

Evelyn Qiao

Capry Liu

Elaine Li

Anna Liu

Contact:

Beijing office:

Room 1509, Gongti North Road, A6, Chaoy-ang District, Beijing, PRC China

Phone: +8610-64681222

Fax: +8610-64654957

Shanghai office:

Phone: +8621-51113281

Fax: +8621-51113280

Email us at:

info@dynabondpowertech.com

Magazine

2

3

Interview

Cameco Fuel Manufacturing: a re-

liable nuclear fuel partner and lo-

calization facilitator

Cameco Fuel

Manufacturing

(CFM), a subsidiary

of one of the

world’s largest ura-

nium producers—

Cameco, is a leader

of pressurized

heavy water reactor

fuel assemblies for

Candu reactors.

Having more than

five decades of ex-

perience with

Candu fuel technol-

ogy, CFM is also

the largest Cana-

dian-based supplier

of in-core components to Candu reactors.

Dynabond Powertech had a chance to sit down

with Mr. Doug Burton, Marketing Manager of

Cameco Fuel Manufacturing, to talk about CFM,

zircaloy and CFM’s cooperation with China.

Dynabond Powertech: Please tell us some of

your background and your position in

Cameco.

Mr. Doug Burton: I joined Cameco in 2004. Pre-viously I worked in 5 or 6 different companies,

Honeywell, Timken and other large Canadian

based US companies. I progressed through dif-

ferent positions beginning as mechanical engi-

neer to chief engineer. On the operations side I

performed roles as Operations Manager and

General Manager. Cameco in 2006 purchased

Zircatec. The acquisition was to more integrate

vertically the fuel cycle for Cameco.

Cameco is a large Canadian company. It’s a ura-

nium miner. We also convert, mill, and refine, and

with the Zircatec acquisition now there is fuel fab-

rication. We also own a portion of Bruce Power, a

large Canadian nuclear power electricity genera-

tor. Cameco wanted to complete the vertical inte-

gration, so they bought Zircatec, the fuel fabrica-

tor. That was the reason for acquisition. So it’s

100% owned by Cameco.

My initial position with CFM was Director of op-

erations and after a short while I also took on the

role of Marketing Director. Since 2006 our com-

pany grew, we now have over 300 employees,

just two small divisions of Cameco. In 2007 CFM

split my previous roles and we put in two posi-

tions. I became the Marketing Manager because

I know customers and markets, and we were able

to hire another person to do the Operations man-

agement.

Dynabond Powertech: What’s CFM’s pres-

ence in Chinese nuclear power industry?

Mr. Doug Burton: CFM is a wholly-owned sub-

sidiary of Cameco and CFM has a long history in

China. China has purchased two Canadian

Candu 6 reactors for Qinshan phase 3. To supply

fuel for reactors, countries like to have local fuel

manufacturing. This is perhaps more cost effec-

tive but also provides a robust fuel supply for the

reactor. China, as part of the reactor deal, asks

Zircatec to supply a technology transfer to build

the plant in China to manufacture fuel. Since

about 2000, we have had a relationship with the

202 Plant in Baotou. They have a Candu fuel

plant, and the technology they use is our technol-

ogy from Canada. From the time the factory be-

gan running, we have supplied all of the Zircaloy

metal. Zircaloy is still sold from my company to

the 202 Plant every year. We have done the

technology transfer back to 2000, and we still

provide engineering services, products, technical

advice, and the metal product for their fabrication

plant.

Dynabond Powertech: Does Baotou 202 Plant

have the capability to conduct fabrication of

fuels?

Mr. Doug Burton: They have had our technol-

ogy. We built the machines, and we did training

and work instructions on how to run the ma-

chines, but they still come back to us for machine

Doug Burton, Marketing Manager of

Cameco Fuel Manufacturing

4

parts, components or machine upgrades. We can

provide new custom manufacturing machines. In

this business of fuel manufacturing there is no off

the shelf machine. So we do the engineering to

design the machine, build and commission the

machine as well as training and work instructions.

We provide regular site visits either in China or

Canada for follow up.

Dynabond Powertech: Did you meet any chal-

lenges when you first came into Chinese nu-

clear industry?

Mr. Doug Burton: No, China is like Canada.

There is always language challenge. There is al-

ways logistical challenge. But these things are

small, and we can always get past them. I always

found that Chinese and Canadian people are

very friendly, and once your friendship begins,

the language barrier starts to disappear. We

change the way we talk and make things simpler,

not so many words. I have probably 100 friends

at 202 Plant that I can talk with.

Dynabond Powertech: Do you cooperation

with Chinese companies other than Baotou

202 Plant?

Mr. Doug Burton: Not so much. That is what we are doing now. We want to begin expanding our

engineering, design, special ability for producing

high quality in-core zircaloy related product. So

basically the experience has been through 202

Plant, now we are trying to grow our business in

China in different zircaloy related areas.

Dynabond Powertech: Do you think the pro-

curement system in China is different from

other countries?

Mr. Doug Burton: Yes and no. Mostly we do our

contracts through CNEIC. They do all the coordi-

nating of the contracting documents, and they are

very professional. We don’t yet do a lot of work

with individual companies or private companies in

China, but that’s what we are looking to expand

in China.

Dynabond Powertech: As China is localizing

products, how do you cope with this situa-

tion?

Mr. Doug Burton: You are asking an interesting

question, because the same thing is happening in

Canada as well. In China, there is a lot of local-

ization. That is exactly the example of that I gave

you with the technology transfer for the fuel

manufacturing plant. With Candu reactor, the

government wants to have local fuel manufac-

turer. They don't want to buy fuels from overseas.

That makes sense. So we provide tech transfer

to assist that. I think the knowledge of nuclear in

China is growing rapidly. But in North America we

have probably 60 years of experience with nu-

clear. We’re quite advanced in our systems and

we know what requirements must be met based

on our experience and design. In China, the ex-

perience is good, but less time in the business.

The design is good, but not based on so much

practical experience as well. We have been un-

derbid on special machines in the past. But our

experience is the machine does not perform to

specification and we have been asked to help by

upgrading or even building a new machine.

Dynabond Powertech: What do you think of

this localization trend?

Mr. Doug Burton: I think initially there could be

some impact, a downward trend, but I see the

same example as before, where we lost some

business. The experiences showed that the best

decision for long term performance may not have

been made and the business is coming back. Our

government also likes to do things indigenously,

so in Canada, if the nuclear vendor like Candu

Energy is asking for a quotation, they are going

to world now. While in the past, the government

was more focused on Canadian work. Interesting

turn of events, because localization is occurring

but also there is a reverse trend in Canada where

Canada is sourcing out to the world.

Dynabond Powertech: In terms of other zir-

caloy related business, what’s your strategy

besides Baotou 202 Plant in China?

For our product portfolio, the custom tubing

is very traditional, and we become very good

at making small quantities of custom zirc tub-

ing.

—Doug Burton

5

Mr. Doug Burton: In general, we also have on

strategy to increase our business around the

world, like Argentina, Romania, India and espe-

cially China which is most important to CFM. The

next step in our product strategy is to manufac-

ture simpler product, which is custom zircaloy

tubes. Specially, we had two meetings with the

State Nuclear Bao Ti Zirconium Industry Com-

pany (SNZ). The first was three years ago, and it

was not successful. The second meeting we had

maybe two weeks ago. I thought it was very pro-

ductive, because we are also in a position to buy

zircaloy. We also like to sell our zircaloy. So our

in case, we make custom tubing, roughly 40 milli-

meters diameter, and smaller. But we buy 50 mil-

limeter tubing. We are actually, I think, in a posi-

tion to potentially buy some of our raw materials

from SNZ, and then convert it to custom tubing

which is interesting to buy something back, real-

izing they can make tubing as well, but that’s

maybe an opportunity for us to provide some

product to them.

For our product portfolio, the custom tubing is

very traditional, and we become very good at

making small quantities of custom zirc tubing.

There are very few people in the world can do

that. There is another two product areas. The

next one is all related HAF604 material for in-

core specialty components.

We also have not just Cameco Fuel Manufactur-

ing making fuel, but we also have Cameco Fuel

Manufacturing making tubing, and we also have

another division of Cameco Fuel Manufacturing

making specialty in-core zircaloy related control

system products that are in-core zircaloy related.

That’s a very unique service and we have roughly

35 years of experience building these different

components to top-level quality standards. That

is specialty engineering, specialty manufacturing,

highest quality because you can’t have a failure

in this product.

And finally we have one more small division that

our engineers can custom engineer manufactur-

ing equipment like we did in the Baotou Plant to

make nuclear related products. So it’s really cus-

tom machine engineering and building services.

Those are the three areas.

Dynabond Powertech: Looking into the fu-

ture, what’s your expectation in China? How

much percentage do you want to get from

Chinese nuclear market?

Mr. Doug Burton: The Chinese market is the

largest growing nuclear market worldwide right

now. There’s tremendous opportunity and I think

there are a lot of qualified and extremely busy

people working in China already. The more we

can help, the better we can help our friends in

China business will follow.

Cameco is a 100% nuclear company. We are a

Canadian company dedicated to supply nuclear

material and nuclear services. The subsidiary

CFM still has the same policies, but really differ-

ent products, much more specialized products.

Our role is to fill in small niches, and that’s why

we see opportunity in China because we are not

looking for huge expansion, hundreds of millions

of dollars of business. We are a niche supplier of

custom product for nuclear focused on zircaloy

related components.

For CFM, China represents already perhaps 10%

to 15% of our revenue. We have a good cus-

tomer with long relationship and we are very

happy to help them. When we have a niche prod-

uct like we make to penetrate in Chinese nuclear

market could take some time and we are commit-

ted to providing this service. It’s difficult to predict

what growth will be for us in China from the base

that we already have. We definitely see some op-

portunities to help with the niche product that we

make.

—End

The Chinese market is the largest growing

nuclear market worldwide right now.

There’s tremendous opportunity and I think

there are a lot of qualified and extremely

busy people working in China already. The

more we can help, the better we can help

our friends in China business will follow.

6

7

Velan: Rooted in China and

Close to Customers

As one of the world’s largest valve supplier, Ve-

lan entered Chinese nuclear industry since

1990s. How does Velan maintain its sound name

and reputation? What’s Velan’s strategy towards

localization in China? What are Velan’s future

goals in Chinese nuclear industry? Follow Dy-

nabond Powertech Service (hereinafter referred

to as DPS) on the interview with Mr. Michel

MONIER, Corporate Director and Chief Repre-

sentative Nuclear China Office, Velan.

DPS: Could you introduce us some of your

background information?

Mr. Michel MONIER: I’m 56 years old. I’ve been

working in nuclear industry for over 30 years and

Velan is my first job in nuclear industry. I joined

Velan in 1980. In the first ten years, I’ve been in

the technical background. I was the Technical

Manager at Velan in France. After, I’ve been the

Marketing Manager for another ten years. I’m

now in charge of nuclear business, especially fo-

cus on Chinese nuclear power

business. I’m also Chief Repre-

sentative in Nuclear China Office.

To sum up, I moved from techni-

cal to marketing development,

and now the management of

business. My first visit to China

was in 1996 for the Qinshan pro-

ject.

DPS: What is Velan’s presence

in international nuclear power

industry?

Mr. Michel MONIER: Velan

Group was founded in 1950 by

Mr. A.K. Velan who is 94 years

old now. He started the valve

business by developing some

smart devices. The group has

around 1,800 staff with 15 plants

in the world. We focus on valve

for oil & gas, energy, mining, gen-

eral services, and civil nuclear

application, etc. The turnover of

the Group is around 500 million US dollars. Velan

is a family owned company. Only 28% of shares

are on the stock market in Canada. It’s a medium

size, and steady company. In 1974, our French

company which at that time was not named Ve-

lan but had had 2 centuries of history was taken

over by Velan Group. I’m belonging to the

French company. We joined Velan Group in 1974

as a part of Alstom Group. It was a joint venture

to develop the French nuclear market at that

time, which is exactly the same situation we are

facing now in China. Chinese govern-

ment wants to create joint ventures to

cope with nuclear industry. In 1974, we

have done the same in France.

Velan-France is specialized in nuclear

applications for Europe, Asia, and South

Africa. The business for USA and North

America is done directly by Canada

headquarter. Velan Group has equipped

350 among around 440 power plants

that are in operation in the world. We

have a significant market share.

DPS: The demand of a nuclear power

plant for valves is huge, but the num-

ber of valve suppliers is also big. How

does Velan maintain the competitive

edge?

Mr. Michel MONIER: Velan started with

nuclear business in the U.S. and in

Europe. The world’s very first nuclear

power plants are using Velan valves. So

we have a lot of experience. This is the

8

first point.

Second, we always developed the right products.

Velan has been focusing on new technologies,

quality, and development. We use forged bodies,

which means we took the raw material and use

the press to deform it into one piece. With that,

we grant our valves 60 years lifetime. Many other

competitors use only the cast steel. We also de-

veloped low-maintenance valves. With such

valves, you don’t need to care for maintenance in

ten years after installation. We have brought a lot

of different new things for valve and nuclear in-

dustry, some of which later became industrial

standards.

The third reason is qualification. 90% of our

valves are used inside the nuclear building to

cool the reactor, to spray water and to control the

chemical of the water. We have done a great

number of tests and reports to qualify such

valves. Velan has more than 250 qualification re-

ports, far more than others have.

The fourth point is the feedback experience. Most

of our valves have been operating for 20-30

years. We clearly know whether they are good or

not according to our operational experience on-

site.

The fifth point is our company has the appropri-

ate size to deal with nuclear program in China,

France, USA and Europe. China planned to build

8 new plants per year before Fukushima, so you

need suppliers that have enough financial capac-

ity to buy materials and equipment. We have the

right size to match the nuclear projects in China.

The last point is we are very close to customer.

China is a developing country for nuclear. We

can help customer to improve. We provide tech-

nical support for customers. Besides, we explain

to customers why our valves are good, unlike

some other companies who just tell customers to

buy. Also, we have a lot of experience to share

with customers.

DPS: When did Velan build the plant in

Suzhou, Jiangsu province? What’s your strat-

egy on this plant?

Mr. Michel MONIER: This plant was built in 2009,

9

covering 6000 square meters with around 50-60

people inside. The machine in this plant is brand

new and on the top of knowledge. We have weld-

ing robots. The plant started well. But so far we

are not allowed to produce nuclear equipment in

this plant because of Chinese regulation—the

HAF601 requests that a new plant in China shall

have five years of experience before producing

nuclear equipment. We are using this plant as a

subcontractor to manufacture components. In the

future, we will produce more valves in China. But

what is the good speed to implement that in a

right time is a key decision for a group. It de-

pends on the market, booming or decreasing. In

fact Velan is moving step by step, but we don’t

make big announcement and then do nothing as

some other big companies are doing. Maybe it’s

not a good way, but it’s our way.

DPS: Besides the HAF 601, did you encounter

other obstacles and /or technological chal-

lenges in China?

Mr. Michel MONIER: Technical problem not so

many, except some raw materials are not avail-

able in China for our equipment. This plant is

owned by Velan. Getting “married” with a Chi-

nese company is easier to get the certificate,

however there is a risk to “divorce”. Joint venture

sometimes separate after a few years, due to

various reasons such as different targets or dif-

ferent management.

DPS: What types of valves is Velan supplying

to Chinese nuclear market?

Mr. Michel MONIER: One nuclear power plant

needs around 20,000 valves for nuclear island

and conventional island. Among all these valves,

safety related valves in nuclear island are around

200. This is what we supply. We focus on high-

technical-level, high-quality and difficult equip-

ment. We don’t compete with domestic suppliers

on the low-grade valves. Velan valves are used

to avoid accident or control reactor after a major

accident, such as Fukushima situation. This is

why we need feedback experience. For Taishan,

we supply more than 5000 valves. Taishan is

European design so we have benefits of being

close to the European designers.

In 2009-2010, we doubled the capacity of the

workshop in France, which can produce valves

for 10 nuclear power plant per year. The maxi-

mum we have made for China is at least 6-8 per

year. If China restarts the program with the speed

as before, we can handle it easily.

DPS: Do you like doing business in China?

Do you have any difficulties with Chinese

people?

Mr. Michel MONIER: Doing business in China is

hard and challenging, and I like it. Chinese peo-

ple want to learn and they listen to you. Older you

are, better it is. In Europe it’s quite the opposite.

Here, being old means experience. With for-

eigner, Chinese people are always with respect.

Once you understand their behaviors, what to do

and what not to do. Chinese people are so nice.

Maybe it’s difficult for you to get confidence with

Chinese people, but once you get it, you have it.

After, it depends on person. I have no difficulty

with Chinese people, except the language. The

way that people are doing business is a separate

question. It depends on where and with whom.

The way of doing business with small or major

companies is completely different. For example

Chinese nuclear engineering companies are well

managed with organization, training, and good

staff, very close to western style. Some other

smaller companies are not going so fast, and are

less familiar with nuclear projects.

DPS: What’s Velan’s strategy towards local-

ization?

Mr. Michel MONIER: First of all, it is not easy to

find all raw materials, equipment or subcontrac-

tors we want because the knowledge of nuclear

codes and standards is not so developed. We

buy most of raw materials in Europe. Another is-

sue is that the valves we’re supplying are not in

so big quantities. It’s one by one, and big size. So

far, Chinese valve makers want large production

because this is the way in China. In Europe, es-

pecially in France, we understand that it’s our job

to make small quantity, with very specific require-

ments, and a lot of agreements.

But on the other hand, we have made a lot of

steps towards localization. First, we have a per-

manent nuclear office in Beijing, a plant in

Suzhou and a Chinese maintenance service

10

team. Second, Velan has helped Chinese cus-

tomers a lot in starting new plants. Chinese cus-

tomer and Velan need to cooperate because

there are so many plants to start. We also try to

have regular exchange with professional organi-

zations or associations. We have cooperated a

lot. It’s a way of localization and a way to support

self-reliance in China. Even you don’t manufac-

ture valves in China, we are doing a lot to bring

self-reliance in China for nuclear equipment. We

try to make conferences, to meet people and

share experience in Chinese industry.

DPS: What’s Velan’s goal in China?

Mr. Michel MONIER: In China, among 45 nuclear

plants total in operation and construction, we

have supplied 41, 30 of which were supplied in

the past five years. We have to handle the com-

missioning of each nuclear plant one by one. It’s

different job than to negotiate a contract. We in-

tend to settle a service center in Guangdong

province, probably close to the sea, in order to

offer more efficient service to Chinese customers

in case of call. We want to be close to customers

to develop advanced reactors because the Fuku-

shima occurred. We are doing our best to support

improved design of Chinese nuclear reactor,

even the design is good today. We have to con-

sider what we have learned from Fukushima.

This is a decision of Chinese government to do

that also. We make us available to Chinese engi-

neering companies to develop the new reactor

regarding our equipment.

We participated a lot in third generation nuclear

power plants. We have signed contracts for

EPR’s in Europe and gained good feedback. Our

group is participating also in AP1000. We can

bring something in terms of our equipment to de-

velop advanced Chinese nuclear reactors such

as ACP 1000, ACPR 1000, CAP1400, and some

others. The idea is to share experience regarding

third generation to help Chinese increase the

safety level. Also, we will continue to focus on

new projects and to prepare localization.

DPS: What’s your opinion on Chinese nuclear

power industry in the coming years?

Mr. Michel MONIER: If you ask about my feeling,

I’m quite sure that China is going to restart nu-

clear programs, but not in a speed of building 6-8

nuclear power plants every year as planned. My

understanding is 4-6 maximum. In fact, the future

will have new reactors, ACPR 1000, CAP1400,

etc. Today, these reactors are improved reactors,

not yet available in the market. We need to wait

till they will be approved by Nuclear Safety Au-

thorities. It may take 2-3 years. In between, we

will continue with improved CPR 1000. As such,

new units AP1000 will not resume before 2-3

years because it is a brand new design. After Fu-

kushima, nobody will start more reactors without

the results of the first of kind. They need to wait

the result of Haiyang and Sanmen till 2014. EPR

could restart a little earlier because two other

EPRs are going to be in operation in Europe. It

could have some experience in advance, but

more or less the same year. We continue to be

what we know—CPR 1000, and focus on mainte-

nance and services. After, we wait for the new

Chinese designs. —End

11

Topic of the month

Problems found during the safety

inspection of civilian nuclear

power facilities

Immediately after the Fukushima nuclear acci-

dent, the State Council conducted a nationwide

inspection on nuclear power facilities. Recently,

the NNSA released a report on the safety inspec-

tion of civilian nuclear power facilities (hereafter

referred to as “the report”), seeking public opin-

ions on China’s nuclear safety plans.

The report firstly describes the present situation

of China’s civilian nuclear facilities and reveals

the inspection results. It highlights the problems

found during the inspection and suggests corre-

sponding solutions. China currently has 15 nu-

clear power units in operation, 26 under construc-

tion, 18 critical assemblies, and 9 civilian nuclear

fuel cycle facilities.

Four major problems are raised in the report as

follows:

1. Severe accident precaution and alleviation

Daya Bay NPP and Qinshan Phase Three have

already made and implemented guiding rules for

severe accident management according to the

evaluation on beyond design basis events. Qin-

shan NPP so far has no such rules, and Qinshan

Phase Two, Lingao NPP, and Tianwan NPP have

codes only for certain severe accidents.

2. Design basis flood level of Qinshan NPP

Qinshan NPP construction was started in 1983.

The plant was designed to be five metres above

sea level with a flood bank to prevent flooding in

extreme conditions (maximum storm tides to-

gether with maximum astronomic tides). Later,

when the NNSA was conducting a traceable

safety assessment, the plant elevated the bank to

9.7-9.9 metres high based on the design basis

flood level of 9.51 and built a wave wall on top of

the bank. Considering the reclamation of Hang-

zhou Bay and possible changes in its bank shape

and water depth during the next two decades, the

plant’s design basis flood level should be 10.01

metres. It follows that the current flood protection

measures are insufficient to cope with the afore-

said extreme situations.

3. Tsunami threat to China’s nuclear power

plants

Tsunamis have always been considered when

selecting NPP sites in China. In fact, before the

Fukushima disaster, based on the seismic pa-

rameters of China’s nearby sea areas and its

submarine structures, the leading opinion in the

academic circle was that coastal earthquakes or

tsunamis should not be a major concern for

China; rather, floods threatening the coastal

plants were largely caused by storm surges.

In order to draw the necessary lessons from the

Fukushima accident, the government during the

nationwide inspection made a revaluation of the

Manila Trench and Ryukyu Trench, the most

likely ones to be the source of tidal waves affect-

ing China’s nuclear plants. Preliminary results

indicate that the Manila Trench is the more prob-

able source of seismic surges. We can safely

presume the biggest possible earthquake at the

Manila Trench to be magnitude 8.8, which would

then bring about a major tsunami that would en-

danger the coastal nuclear power plants of

Guangdong. In this case, the offshore tsunami

wave height of sea areas of Daya Bay NPP

would be 2.7 meters at most. According to this

calculation, the departments concerned con-

ducted a preliminary check on the anti-tsunami

capability of each of these plants, and came to

the conclusion that the increase in the maximum

height of water is small and its influence was con-

trollable. Further analysis and opinion has been

forthcoming.

4. Anti-seismic requirements of high flux test re-

actors

High flux test reactors were built in the 1970s

with low-level anti-seismic design. Despite the

frequent anti-seismic checks and changes re-

quired in the traceable safety assessment and

regular safety inspection, the reactors have to be

reassessed according to the latest anti-seismic

requirements because of the higher seismic zon-

12

ing intensity of this area. The safety margin may

also have to be raised if necessary.

—End

Coming events:

The 3rd International Conference

on Asian Nuclear Prospects 2012

With the rapid increase of population and pres-

sure of restrictions on carbon dioxide emission,

nuclear energy appears bright outlook in Asian

region. However, nuclear energy encountered

great scepticism and challenge resulting from the

Fukushima accident last year. The safety and se-

curity of nuclear energy gained more critical fo-

cus than ever before.

There’s an old saying in Chinese - Opportunities

hide in challenges. The past lessons can be the

engines to promote the sustainable growth of nu-

clear energy. In the background of the negative

condition and good outlooks for nuclear energy,

the 3rd Asian Nuclear Prospects (ANUP) confer-

ence will be held on October 16-19, 2012 at Xi-

jiao Hotel, Beijing China.

The purpose of ANUP is to provide a world-class

meeting place for information exchanges and es-

tablish the networks of Asian experts in nuclear

realm. Scientists, technicians and researchers

can get together and discuss and seek to agree

how we shall proceed in common problems and

challenges. The discussion will cover all the stra-

tegic and scientific fields of the nuclear energy,

fuel cycles and waste management scenario.

ANUP 2012 aims to stimulate progress to

strengthen nuclear safety, improve fuel cycle

technologies, and enhance radioactive waste

management. ANUP conference was initiated by

scientists, technicians and researchers from Ja-

pan, India, South Korea and China in 2008. After

successfully hosting of ANUP in Japan (2008)

and India (2010), the ANUP 2012 conference will

be held in Beijing, China. This event is hosted by

China Nuclear Society, International Atomic En-

ergy Agency, Atomic Energy Society of Japan,

13

Indian Nuclear Society and Korean Nuclear Soci-

ety. And Tsinghua University is appointed to or-

ganize the conference.

Contact:

http://www.anup2012.org/conference.php

The Ninth National Mining Aca-

demic Conference & Mining Tech-

nology and Equipment Show

The Ninth National Mining Academic Conference

& Mining Technology and Equipment Show will

be held on August 24th, 2012 at Kunming,

Yunan. The Ninth National Mining Academic

Conference is themed at “scientific innovation

and sustainable development of China’s mining

industry”. The conference is jointly organized by

China Nuclear Society, China Coal Society, Geo-

logical Society of China, Chinese Society for Met-

als, Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Chemi-

cal Industry and Engineering Society of China,

Chinese Ceramic Society, China Mining Associa-

tion, and China Gold Association. The confer-

ence will invite academicians, scholars, experts,

technicians and mining entrepreneurs to deliver

speeches and discuss future development of

China’s mining industry.

The Ninth Mining Technology and Equipment

Show provides a platform for people to exchange

knowledge on trends and latest achievements of

China’s mining technology, research achieve-

ments and production experience of new mining

technologies and equipment. The show aims to

promote the sustainable development of China’s

mining industry, establish a strategic guarantee

system for China’s mining resources, and pioneer

a new pattern for the international mining re-

sources market.

Contact:

Chinese Nuclear Society

Website: www.ns.org.cn

Scientific article

Study on the Impact of the Fuku-

shima Accident on Nuclear Power

Plant’s Site Selection in China

On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake

occurred in Japan, causing a severe tsunami

which led to radioactive releases at Fukushima

Dacchi Unit 1. Afterwards, all 6 units at Fuku-

shima Dacchi encountered a sequence of differ-

ent malfunctions including coolant loss, reactor

overheating, over high pressure, fuel exposure

and melting, hydrogen explosion, and radioactive

release. The direct reason for the nuclear acci-

dent was the earthquake and subsequent tsu-

nami. The earthquake shut down the reactor and

disconnected the plant from outside power sup-

ply, while the tsunami destroyed the auxiliary die-

sel engine and disabled reactor afterheat dis-

charging. On April 12, Japan's Nuclear & Indus-

trial Safety Agency rated this nuclear leakage as

the highest level—level 7.

Having a narrow land, Japan is almost com-

pletely located in within circum-Pacific seismic

belt with active crustal movement. China, as a

country close to Japan, also faces severe seismic

hazards. Hence, site selection is crucial to the

safety of nuclear power plants. It’s important that

the Chinese nuclear power industry analyzes the

earthquake and subsequent tsunami and draws

lessons from the Fukushima accident.

1. Seismic factor analysis

1.1 Comparison of nuclear power plant distribu-

tion and seismic belts between China and Japan

According to the World Nuclear Industry Federa-

tion, Japan has 55 units in operation distributed

along its long coastline (See Figure 1).

Japan is located at the juncture of the Eurasian

plate and the Pacific plate. Japan is particularly

14

prone to earthquakes - 20% of the world’s earth-

quakes with magnitude 6 and above occur there.

According to a survey, by the end of May, 2011,

the Chinese mainland has 13 units in operation

and many units under construction and planned

(See Figure 2).

Adjacent to Japan, China also locates between

the circum-Pacific seismic belt and the Alpine-

Himalayan seismic belt. Since 1949, China has

experienced more than 100 devastative earth-

quakes which destroyed over 300,000 square

kilometers of land. China’s seismic activity is

mainly distributed in 5 zones and 23 seismic belts

(See Figure 3).

From the above three figures we can conclude:

○1 The nuclear units in operation in mainland

China are low in number and mainly distributed in

Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Guangdong, these prov-

inces hardly cover the seismic belt, whereas in

Japan, the nuclear units are large in number and

distributed along its lengthy coastline. The den-

sity of nuclear units in Japan is higher than that in

China. Nuclear power plants in Japan cannot

avoid the seismic belt.

○2 According to China’s political plan for the de-

velopment of nuclear power, new nuclear power

plants will shift to the inland area gradually and

most of them will be concentrated in South

China, far from the seismic zone. Comparing Fig-

ure 2 and Figure 3, we find nuclear power plants

in Sichuan and Chongqing are close to the south-

west seismic belt and that in Hongyanhe is close

the northeast seismic belt.

1.2 Seismic survey and evaluation of potential

sites

According to a survey, the designed anti-seismic

standard for early NPPs in Japan was magnitude

6.5, which was raised to magnitude 7.0 later by

the Japanese government. TEPCO’s documents

show that the hypothesis of an earthquake test

on Fukushima NPP was only magnitude 7.9 at

most. Therefore, the earthquake on March 11,

2011 was a beyond design basis event (BDBE).

It can be deduced from the accident’s conse-

quences that a double plan or a special design

was not taken into consideration if a beyond de-

sign basis event occurred when Fukushima was

chosen to be a NPP site. The accident alarmed

Japan and its nuclear power industry. Shizuoka’s

nuclear power plants were all shut down because

the probability of magnitude 8.0 and above earth-

quakes in the middle of Japan is over 80% during

the coming 30 years.

In China, regarding the seismic investigation and

safety evaluation in siting a nuclear power plant,

the National Nuclear Safety Administration and

State Seismology Bureau jointly issued in suc-

cession the 0 version and 1 version of nuclear

safety guideline—HAD101/01, which is Earth-

quake Problems in Relation to Nuclear Power

Plant Siting.

Seismic evaluation in siting NPPs includes sur-

face fracture, seismicity, potential perpetual

ground deformations caused by earthquakes or

geological phenomena, tsunamis, lake surges,

and the design basis of ground motion parame-

ters. In determining the design basis of a ground

motion, each site needs two levels—SL-1 and

SL-2. SL-1 ground motion is called safe opera-

tional ground motion, which can occur with less

destructiveness; while SL-2 refers to the maxi-

mum ground motion, which is beyond the safety

Figure 1

Figure 2

15

limit.

It can be seen that it is quite necessary to have

two levels of the design basis of ground motion.

The Fukushima accident shows that the damage

of a limit event is destructive even it is less possi-

ble to happen. It is also a warning to China that

strict seismic investigations and evaluations for

all NPPs that are under construction, in operation

or in planning should be conducted. Seismic

standards for Chinese NPPs should be reviewed

and checked.

In addition, the second NPP at Fukushima also

concerned people because it was only 10km

away from the first NPP. A disaster like an earth-

quake presents a severe risk to an NPP and lim-

its rescue and relief work. If two NPPs are very

close together, their respective radioactive moni-

toring will be influenced by the other, if one NPP

releases radioactive substances this can harm

the other. As China speeds up constructing new

nuclear projects, the distance between two NPPs

should be taken into consideration. In the same

way, within one NPP, the distance between dif-

ferent units should also be considered so as to

ensure high economy and safety.

2 Tsunami’s factor analysis

2.1 Comparison between Chinese and Japanese

tsunami

Japan has a very short continental shelf which is

mostly cut off by a submarine canyon. Japan is

located between the West Pacific Ocean to its

east, and the Sea of Japan to its west. The sea-

bed of the Sea of Japan comprises mainly sea

basins and gorges with a water depth of more

than 3,000 meters. Additionally, Japan is located

in the circum-Pacific seismic belt. When an earth-

quake higher than magnitude 6.5 with an epicen-

ter within 50km of the seabed occurs, an over-

whelming rise or descent of the seabed occurs,

thus arousing a tsunami. Therefore, Japan has

suffered tsunamis many times in history.

In contrast to Japan, China has a wide continen-

tal shelf with a water depth of below 200m. Look-

ing at the geological structure, there are few

zones of fracture in coastal areas or the oceanic

trench in sea areas. Therefore, China is less vul-

nerable to strong earthquakes in its sea areas or

vertical displacements of the earth’s crust at the

seabed. Besides, thousands of small islands and

reef flats distributed in China’s wide offshore area

compose a natural shield, while the Japanese

Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands, and the Philippine

islands protect China against violent strikes of

tsunami waves. By the time a tsunami wave ar-

rives at the Chinese sea area, its energy has

been weakened due to the wide continental shelf

and the frictional drag of the seabed. According

to historical records, China has only witnessed 10

seismic sea waves - once per 200 years, since

2,000 years ago. Since 1949, there have only

been 3 seismic waves recorded in detail, and

none of them were destructive. So we can con-

clude that China is less susceptible to seismic

sea waves in its coastal areas and they are not

destructive.

2.2 Evaluation of flood prevention in siting coastal

nuclear power plants

The tsunami in March 2011 which affected Fuku-

shima was over 20m high. According to Japa-

nese Yomiuri Shimbun on March 30, no nuclear

power plants in Japan took tsunamis above 10m

into consideration when they were designed. His-

torically, tsunamis have occured frequently in Ja-

pan. A tsunami was even as high as 38m in

1896. It is unreasonable not to have taken tsuna-

mis above 10m into account. In China, Daya Bay,

Qinshan and Ling’ao nuclear power plants are in

strict accordance with regulations and codes. For

instance, Ling’ao NPP’s jetty is 2.5km in length

and 13.8m in height. Ling’ao NPP is able to resist

sea waves below 14m.

Figure 3

16

Chinese nuclear safety regulations and codes

have clear requirements regarding the possible

impacts of tsunamis and floods when siting

coastal nuclear power plants. HAF101

(Provisions on nuclear power plant’s site selec-

tion) requires that the possibility of a tsunami or a

lake surge that could impact the safety of a nu-

clear power plant be assessed. If possible, his-

torical information about tsunamis and lake

surges in the proposed area should be collected.

The impact of the data on the plant’s site should

be identified. The height, frequency and size of

tsunami occurrences and lake surges should be

estimated according to historical information, and

comparisons of such phenomena in similar areas

should be made in detail. Factors that may inten-

sify the natural phenomena caused by topogra-

phy around the plant’s location should be taken

into account to determine the design basis of tsu-

namis or lake surges.

Moreover, nuclear safety code HAD101/09

(Determination of flood design basis in siting

coastal nuclear power plants) points out: a plant

should be located somewhere safe from the im-

pact of a tsunami. If a power plant has to be con-

structed at a place which could be affected by a

tsunami, its possible impact should be analyzed

conservatively and the design basis of the flood

is determined according to the maximum pre-

dicted tsunami.

The design of a site elevation, jetty and revet-

ment is determined by the design basis flood

(DBF). The site elevation of a nuclear power

plant should not be lower than the DBF and a

safety margin should be taken into account. Ac-

cording to current regulations and codes, there is

no specific requirement for the safety margin of a

nuclear power plant, instead, the safety margin is

taken from the regulations for thermal power

plants.

The Fukushima accident also gives us a warning

with regards to the simultaneous occurrence of

two beyond design basis events, like the Magni-

tude 9 earthquake and super tsunami. In this re-

gard when deciding the height of the jetty at Qin-

shan Nuclear Power Plant the designers consid-

ered an unusually large surge of the Qiantang

River and an extra-strong typhoon happening

concurrently. This is a good example for the fu-

ture construction of nuclear power plants. Local

special situations should be considered.

News of the month

Highlights

China’s nuclear industry in need of

professionals

According to industrial analysts, China’s nuclear

power industry needs more professionals.

A representative from a foreign nuclear power

company indicated that the lack of nuclear pro-

fessionals, especially those proficient in English,

is holding up China’s NPP expansion.

According to the statistics of State Administration

of Science, Technology and Industry for National

Defence, China will need about 13,000 profes-

sionals with a bachelor’s degree of nuclear sci-

ence in 2020.

A domestic expert also indicated that the domes-

tic nuclear industry is in need of inter-disciplinary

professionals not only proficient in technical skills

but also familiar with global market rules and

commercial laws.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

Progress in China’s third-generation

nuclear technology

The construction of the first CAP1400 nuclear

power plant- Shidao Bay NPP will start in 2013

and is expected to generate power in 2017.

Mr. Fu Manchang, former Secretary General of

China Nuclear Society (CNS), disclosed that the

approval of the CAP1400 plant construction by

the National Development and Reform Commit-

tee (NDRC) suggests that the state government

begins to relax NPP restart control.

17

The CAP1400 plant is an innovation based on

the AP1000 technology. It will raise unit efficiency

from 36.7% to 37.8%.

Mr. Fu considers this progress as a contribution

to China’s independent development of the third-

generation conventional island technology.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

More valves are needed in nuclear

power plants in China

In Market research and Investment Analysis Re-

port of Valves in Nuclear Power Plants 2012-

2016 disclosed that more valves would be

needed since the installed capacity of NPPs in

China was enlarged.

The cost of valves is 5.2% of the total investment

in NPPs and the maintenance cost possesses

more than 50% of the total maintenance fees. It

spends 1350 million RMB on maintenance of a

nuclear power plant with two 1000 MW units in

total each year. Wherein, the cost of valves main-

tenance and replacement is nearly 50%, equal to

67 million RMB per year.

The data in the report shows that the newly in-

creased capacity of NPPs in China is approxi-

mately 2 GW and the total investment on NPPs is

about 80.6 billion RMB. The investment on equip-

ment was 48.1 billion in total in 2010, which was

60% of the total investment. Valves procurement

in NPPs represented 2.5 billion RMB while valves

maintenance and replacement cost 3.35 billion

RMB.

Source: http://realtime.xmuenergy.com/

AP1000 shield building plan discussed

in Beijing

On June 18, the NNSA held a meeting on AP1-

000 shield building plan in Beijing.

During the meeting, SNERDI reported the altera-

tion of the shield buildings of Sanmen and

Haiyang NPP Unit 1 and 2, while the NNSA gave

feedback on the review of the alternation applica-

tion. After serious and detailed discussion, the

expert committee unanimously voted for the alte-

ration plan based on the opinion that that met all

the relevant rules and standards and would thus

be feasible.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn

18

12th Five-Year nuclear safety projects

worth RMB 80 billion

The NNSA has recently released the report on

the safety inspection on civilian use nuclear po-

wer facilities and the safety plan for the five-year

period ending in 2015 and long-term targets for

2020, asking for public opinions on them.

The report indicates that China’s nuclear facilities

are basically safe. Differing from the Fukushima

NPP in location, China’s nuclear power facilities

are unlikely to cause similar accidents. Neverthe-

less, the facilities are still vulnerable to such de-

vastating accidents as the Fukushima disaster

because of some inherent weakness.

The report also specifies that the investment in

key nuclear safety projects during the 12th Five-

Year is worth RMB 79.8 billion as a method to

eliminate potential safety hazards.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

SERC planning to allow private capital

in the state power industry

The State Electricity Regulatory Commission

(SERC) is drafting a regulation to allow non-

governmental funds to flow into the state power

generation industry, including thermoelectricity,

hydroelectricity, and nuclear power generation. It

is also considering opening the monopolized sta-

te grid to private capital.

One of the insiders disclosed that unlike power

generation, the opening of the state grid is res-

tricted to investment and operation.

It is also revealed that this regulation is to be

launched within this year.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn/

19

Corporation News

Jiangsu Tailong Machinery Group

Company Co., Ltd. breaks through the

localization of gearboxes

Jiangsu Tailong Machinery Group Company Co.,

Ltd.successfully designed and manufactured the

largenuclear gearboxes. The first 4 sets were re-

spectively delivered to Hongyanhe NPP and

Ningde NPP. The nuclear gearboxes are applied

in the CRF (circulating water system) of NPPs as

the criticalequipment to supply circulating cooling

water to the nuclear island and the conventional

island.

At present, all gearboxes in the operational

NPPs, such as Qinshan NPP, Daya Bay NPP

and Ling Ao NPP, were imported from the devel-

oped countries. An expert says that the design

life of the universal gear boxes is less than 10

years; however, the design life of the nuclear

gear boxes is five times as many as the universal

ones’, namely 40 years. Mrs. Kong Xia, Director

of the technology research and development cen-

ter in Tailong Group, explained that the dynamic

models of the gearboxes were set up by the AD-

AMS dynamic analysis software.

The test standards of vibration and noise were

defined in accordance with the predetermined

element and the boundary element analysis; the

structural parameters and the dynamic perform-

ance of the main parts were designed through

the theory of 3-D mechanical design.

Source: http://www.heneng.net.cn/

A major step forward in China’s

advanced fuel assembly develop-

ment

On June 14, two sets of CNNC developed N36

fuel assemblies officially received the irradiation

test in Qinshan Phase two Unit 2. “This is of great

significance to CNNC’s self-development of zirco-

nium alloy”, said Mr. Li, Assistant Chief Engineer

of CNNC.

Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) after

long-term research specified the basic elements

and excellent performance of N36 zirconium alloy

and defined it as the cladding material for advan-

ced fuel assemblies. Later, NPIC and several

other companies jointly developed N36 tubes,

and CJNF southern branch made a trial produce

of N36 fuel assemblies, which were approved by

the NNSA in January this year.

The approval indicates a milestone in China’s de-

velopment of advanced fuel assembly.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn/

NPIC’s success in PAR development

The Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) has

recently won the bid for the supply of passive au-

tocatalytic hydrogen re-combiners (PAR) to

CNNC Nuclear Power Qinshan Joint Venture

Company Limited for its Phase Two Unit 1 and 2.

This is another success in the company’s nuclear

product development.

The PAR is a key device in NPP container. Its

domestic market used to be monopolized by

AREVA and the 78th Research Institute of China

Ship Building Industry Corporation. After the Fu-

kushima disaster, China as well as the other na-

tions has updated the safety requirements for its

nuclear power plants.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn

CNNC goal: RMB 500 billion of nuclear

investment in 2015

CNNC lately has set the goal for the 12th Five-

Year period that its investment in nuclear plant

construction should accumulatively have reached

RMB 500 billion by 2015 and bring about RMB

2,000 billion to affiliated industries. It follows that

the investment should have reached RMB 8,000

billion by 2020.CNNC would actively push for-

ward the innovation in the 3rd generation nuclear

power technology with 1000MW capacity and

meanwhile proceed with the development of

ACP600, spent nuclear fuel, and other advanced

technologies.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

20

Acceptance test on CNFC-3G new fuel

transport container

On June 9, CJNF southern branch and CNPEC

jointly conducted the acceptance test on the

CNFC-3G new fuel transport container developed

by Xi'an Nuclear Equipment Co., Ltd.

The assessment team checked the appearance

and structure of the container and conducted a

series of tests on its air tightness, unloading ope-

ration, and simulated fuel assembly loading. The

inspection team also inspected relevant data cer-

tificates including the quality control plan, raw

material quality certificate, and process records

of the container.

After all the examination, the assessment team

gave the opinion that the quality of the hardware,

raw materials, and contracted assemblies of the

CNFC-3G new fuel transport container developed

by Xi'an Nuclear Equipment Co., Ltd. is basically

under control, and that a complete set of stan-

dard and effective data are available for manu-

facture and in line with the requirements specified

in the contract and technical documents. Therefo-

re the team gave permission for ex-factory ac-

ceptance of the container.

New fuel transport containers are one of the ma-

jor projects of CNNC, and Xi'an Nuclear Equip-

ment has undertaken the development of a hun-

dred of them.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn

China Nuclear plans IPO to raise

US$27b

China National Nuclear Power, the country's big-

gest nuclear power developer, plans to raise mo-

ney to help fund projects worth US$27.3 billion

via what could be one of China's biggest initial

public offerings.

It did not specify its fundraising target or IPO ti-

ming in a statement on the Ministry of Environ-

ment Protection’s website, but said the IPO pro-

21

ceeds would go towards five projects with a total

investment of 173.5 billion yuan (HK$212.2 bil-

lion).

The ministry said in a statement it had approved

the IPO plan, which would also need the go-

ahead from the securities regulator.

China suspended approvals of new nuclear po-

wer plants in the wake of Japan’s nuclear crisis in

March last year following a devastating tsunami,

and ordered nationwide safety checks on existing

plants and construction sites.

The government has not made any decision on

when to start approving new nuclear plant pro-

jects but the State Council, China’s Cabinet, last

week approved a nuclear safety plan and said its

nuclear power plants met the latest international

safety standards.

State media have said China will probably scale

down its 2020 nuclear power generation capacity

target to 60-70 gigawatts compared with earlier

expectations of around 80 GW.

China National Nuclear was formed last year as

part of a restructuring of its state-owned parent

China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).

Chinese companies in industries such as nuclear,

mining and chemicals must get approval from the

environmental ministry before they can submit

IPO applications to the China Securities Regula-

tory Commission (CSRC), the securities wat-

chdog.

If all or most of the planned projects are financed

by share sale proceeds, China National Nuclear’s

IPO could be mammoth, potentially surpassing

Agricultural Bank of China’s the Hong Kong-

Shanghai dual listing could become China’s big-

gest.

China National Nuclear owns the bulk of the nu-

clear business of CNNC, one of the largest com-

panies owned by the Chinese central govern-

ment.

Source: http://www.scmp.com

22

International Cooperation

General Manager of CNNC meets As-

sistant Secretary of U.S. Department of

Energy

One June 12, Mr. Qian Zhimin, General Manager

of CNNC, met Mr. David Sandalow, Assistant Se-

cretary for Policy & International Affairs of the

U.S. Department of Energy in Beijing. Both par-

ties exchanged opinions on the issues of post-

Fukushima nuclear inspection and development,

AP1000 progress in China, and future coopera-

tion on new reactors.Mr. Marty Schoenbauer, the

Executive Director of the China Office of the U.S.

Department of Energy (DOE) at the U.S. Embas-

sy, and officials from other departments of CNNC

attended the meeting.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn

CNNC GM Assistant meets mPower President

On June 7, Mr. Li Xiaoming, General Manager

Assistant of CNNC, met Mr. Christopher Mowry,

President of Babcock & Wilcox mPower, Inc.

Both parties mainly discussed cooperation on

modular small reactors, agreeing upon further

negotiation on specific issues.

Mr. Robert Temple, legal counsellor of B&W

mPower, and members from other departments

of CNNC attended the meeting.

Source: http://www.cnnc.com.cn

Map of Sino-Russian nuclear power

cooperation

Mr. Chen Qiufa, Director General of China Ato-

mic Energy Authority, and Mr. Sergei Kiriyenko,

the head of Russia's state-owned nuclear energy

corporation Rosatom, signed a document on Ju-

ne 5 concerning the Sino-Russian nuclear power

cooperation, which covers the fields of nuclear

power, fast reactor and the nuclear fuel. The si-

gning of the document is a significant step for-

ward regarding strategic partnership between

both parties.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

Indonesian companies visit Daya Bay

NPP

On June 4, Mr. Heddy Krishyana from Batan Tek-

nologi, Mr. Sujono Hadisudapno from Prodigy

Energy, and Mr. Bert Ng Wee Tiong from Magna

Master Indonesia visited Daya nuclear power

plant.

During the visit, the guests expressed their desire

for nuclear power cooperation with CGNPC to

help promote clean energy in Indonesia. CGNPC,

on the other hand, agreed to share its experience

in staff training and clean energy with Indonesia

as well as other Southeast Asian countries.

Source: http://www.cgnpc.com.cn

Fast neutron reactors in China

Mr. Sergei Kiriyenko, the head of Russia's state-

owned nuclear energy corporation Rosatom, re-

vealed on June 5 that Russia and China were li-

kely to sign the first batch of documents concer-

ning building fast neutron reactors in China this

summer. He said that an agreement will be

concluded.

Mr. Kiriyenko added the partnership between

Russia and China was supposed to be a long-

term strategy. He also mentioned the document

of the Sino-Russian nuclear power cooperation

signed on the same day, which covers not only

bi-lateral NPP projects but also space nuclear

power programmes.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

Westinghouse and China JV Partner

Initiate Startup of Zirconium Sponge

Plant

PITTSBURGH, June 8, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --

Westinghouse Electric Company and its China

joint-venture partner, the State Nuclear Baoti Zir-

conium Industry, LTD. (SNZ), commenced the

startup of a new zirconium sponge plant produc-

tion facility, the State Nuclear WEC Zirconium

Hafnium Co., Ltd. (SNWZH), in Nantong, China

(Jiangsu Province), during an official ribbon-

cutting ceremony held at the new facility.

23

The SNWZH facility will produce nuclear-grade

zirconium, a key component of the tubing pro-

cess used in nuclear fuel assembly operations,

for use by the shareholders of SNWZH to manu-

facture specialized parts for nuclear fuel assem-

blies in China and globally through Westinghou-

se.

Westinghouse Chairman, and Interim President

and CEO Shigenori Shiga said, "The commissio-

ning of this China sponge plant further extends

our service to the China market. In addition to

building four AP1000® power plants at Sanmen

and Haiyang, Westinghouse is pleased to add to

its service base the capability to manufacture nu-

clear-grade zirconium sponge to customers in

China."

Startup of the Nantong plant further expands coo-

peration between Westinghouse and its Chinese

customer, the State Nuclear Power Technology

Corporation (SNPTC), which owns SNZ. Wes-

tinghouse and its consortium partner, The Shaw

Group, Inc., signed a landmark agreement with

China's SNPTC in 2007 to provide four AP1000

power plants in the country.

Ric Perez, Westinghouse chief operating officer

also commented, "We will work in close partners-

hip with joint-venture partners to conduct opera-

tions with a focus on safety, quality and operatio-

nal excellence to provide a high-quality product to

our customers. This is the standard to which we

operate all of our Westinghouse facilities, where

being close to the customer is an integral part of

our success in delivering our products and servi-

ces to customers."

In addition to Messrs Shiga and Perez, other di-

gnitaries who attended the ribbon-cutting cere-

mony celebrating the startup of the facility inclu-

ded: Norio Sasaki, president and chief executive

officer, Toshiba Corporation; Yasuharu Igarashi,

president and CEO, Toshiba Power Systems

Company; Jun Gu, president of SNPTC; Huazhu

Zhang, chairman of the China Nuclear Power As-

sociation; and Weiguo Zhang, vice governor of

Jiangsu Province of China.

Westinghouse Electric Company, a group com-

pany of Toshiba Corporation (TKY:6502), is the

24

world's pioneering nuclear energy company and

is a leading supplier of nuclear plant products

and technologies to utilities throughout the world.

Westinghouse supplied the world's first pressuri-

zed water reactor in 1957 in Shippingport, Pa.

Today, Westinghouse technology is the basis for

approximately one-half of the world's operating

nuclear plants.

Source:

http://westinghousenuclear.mediaroom.com

NPP News

Pressure vessel of the No.3 reactor of

Hongyanhe NPP

On June 11, the pressure vessel of the No.3

reactor of Hongyanhe NPP arrived at the cons-

truction site. This is the first key project equip-

ment that has been transported to the site. Manu-

factured by China First Heavy Industries (CFHI)

Dalian Base, the vessel weighs 271.6 tons net.

The manufacture started on Jan. 9, 2012 and las-

ted for 29 months.

Source: http://www.cgnpc.com.cn

First NPP unit in Fujian expected to be

commissioned this year

On June 15, officials of Ningde NPP announced

that its Unit 1 was expected to be put into opera-

tion at the end of the year.

So far the NPP construction has been going

smoothly. Unit 1 and 2 has been completed by

89.5%, and Unit 3 and 4 by 50.3%.

The project involves six 1000MW units, four of

which belong to Phase one which costs RMB 52

billion. The four are planned to be commissioned

between 2012 and 2015, one for each year.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

First DTS transfer to Sanmen NPP Unit

1

On June 5, 2012, a signing ceremony was held

for the transfer from commissioning to manufac-

ture of the DTS system to Sanmen NPP Unit 1.

During the ceremony, representatives of Sanmen

NPP signed for the acceptance of the transfer

package submitted by the commissioning team

according to the required management process.

The DTS system provides safe and reliable water

supply for tube washing and system water pres-

sure test during project construction. The stan-

dard for water desalinization for the third genera-

tion AP1000 nuclear power unit is extremely

strict, one of the most rigorous in the world’s nu-

clear power industry. Since March 20, 2012, the

commissioning team has fully adhered to these

requirements and thus laid a solid foundation for

the later transfer work.

The transfer however has been the first of its kind

in the world so far. It is also a good beginning for

the following commissioning work.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

Dome of Yangjiang NPP Unit 3 lifted

On June 9, after over an hour’s stressful opera-

tion, the dome of Yangjiang NPP Unit 3 was suc-

cessfully put in place.

Thanks to the coordinated effort of all the cons-

truction departments, each part of the project in-

cluding concrete construction of safety contain-

ment, interior structure construction, etc. was fi-

nished on schedule.

Source: http://www.cgnpc.com.cn

Pressure vessel of Fuqing NPP Unit 2

in place

On June 3, the pressure vessel of Fuqing NPP

Unit 2 was successfully put in place after a suc-

cession of complicated procedures. It was first

lifted to the 20-meter platform of No.2 nuclear

island on May 28. The successful installation was

largely due to the joint effort of the construction

workers.

The lifting of the pressure vessel is a prelude to

the entire Unit 2 project. It also provides valuable

experience for later installation of the steam ge-

nerator.

Source: http://www.china-nea.cn

25

EPR Reactor Vessel Installed at China’s

Taishan Unit 1 Nuclear Plant

The construction of the EPR nuclear plant at

Taishan in China, coordinated by EDF, CGNPC1

and AREVA, has passed a key stage in its deve-

lopment with the lowering of the reactor pressure

vessel (RPV) into the Unit 1 reactor building, after

which it was installed in its final location in the

reactor pit.

The positioning of this very large component -

weighing more than 420 tons, with a diameter of

5.3 meters and 10.6 meters high - marks the

culmination of numerous civil engineering and

assembly projects undertaken since the metal

dome was placed on top of the reactor building at

the end of October 2011. This important stage

was coordinated by the project manager, Taishan

Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company

(TNPJVC: a joint venture owned at 70% by

CGNPC1 and at 30 % by EDF), with technical

support provided by local AREVA teams.

David Emond, Taishan Project Manager at ARE-

VA, stated: "The installation of the vessel for the

first EPR reactor at Taishan power plant under

the best conditions initiates an important new

phase in the development of the site. With the

success of this key operation, we have taken a

further step towards the commissioning of the

most powerful nuclear reactor in China.”

This operation marks the start of the installation

of the nuclear steam supply system (apart from

the vessel, the 4 steam generators, pressurizer,

the 4 primary motorized pump units and pipe-

work), to be undertaken in parallel with the instal-

lation of the equipment and auxiliary systems.

Roger Seban, Deputy Chief Executive of

TNPJVC, assigned by EDF commented: "Now

that the ves-sel has been put in place, we have to

move on to the work of installing all of the power

station equip-ment, whilst at all times observing

the quality and safety requirements. The Franco-

Chinese teams at Taishan are mobilized and

ready to achieve this objective."

Source: http://nuclearstreet.com

—End

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —- — — — — —- — — —- — —- — — — — — — — — - — — - — — - - — - —- - — — - —- - — —- — — —- — — — — —

If you are interested, please cut the form down and fax to us +86-10-64654957

Company:

Name:

Title:

Email:

Fields of Interests:

26

27

本月主题：

核安全检查中发现

的问题

科技文章：

福岛核事故对中国

核电站厂址选择影

响研究

会议展会：

第九届全国采矿学

术会议暨矿山技术

设备展示会

核电重点新闻：

AP1000依托项目

屏蔽厂房整体方案

专家委员会在京召

开

我国先进燃料组件

研发工作迈出重要

一步

电监会正拟定规则

民资办电或成行

“十二五”核安全

重点项目投资约80

0亿

核动力院非能动氢

复合器实现向核电

厂供货

高端访谈

法国威兰： 植根中国 贴近客户

编辑团队

Arnaud Lefevrel-Baril

乔兵双

刘丹丹

李益楠

刘晓燕

联系方式

北京市朝阳区工体北

路甲6号中宇大厦1509

室 （100027）

电话：010-64681222

传真：010-64654957

邮箱：

info@dynabondpowertech.com

代 邦 核 讯

2012年7月，第50期

28

本月专访

威兰：植根中国 贴近客户

作为世界上最大的阀门供应商之一，威兰自上世

纪九十年代就进入了中国的核电市场。在过去的2

0多年中，威兰是如何保持良好的名誉与声望？威

兰在中国的本地化策略是什么？威兰在未来的核

电行业中有何目标？请看本期代邦能源（以下简

称DPS）与威兰中国区核电首席代表莫尼艾先生的

专访。

DPS：请您简单介绍下自己以及在威兰的经历。

莫尼艾先生：我今年56岁。我于1980年加入威兰

，从此开始了我在核电行业的生涯，至今也有30

余载。在威兰的头十年里我从事技术类工作，担

任过威兰法国公司的技术经理，之后还做了10年

的市场经理。我现在负责公司的核电业务，主要

是中国市场这一块。我同时也是威兰中国办事处

的首席代表。总之，我从技术转到市场，再到管

理。1996年我首次来到中囯，负责秦山核电项目

。

DPS：请您简单介绍下威兰公司在国际核电市场的

业务。

莫尼艾先生：威兰集团由A.K. Ve-

lan先生于1950年创立，他如今已是94岁高龄。威

兰最初只是开发一些智能装置。集团在全球拥有1

5个工厂，大约1800名员工。我们为油气行业、能

源行业、矿业、民用核电行业以及其他一般性行

业提供阀门。威兰集团的营业额每年大约5亿美元

。作为一家中等规模且稳定运行的家族式企业，

公司仅有28%股份在加拿大的证券市场。

1974年，威兰收购了一家拥有200年历史的法国

公司，我目前任职于此公司。公司由阿尔斯通和

威兰合资成立，旨在发展法国的核电市场。中国

目前也面临着同样的形式——

中国政府也想在核电领域建立合资公司。1974年

，我们已经在法国做了相同的事情。

威兰的法国公司专注于欧洲、亚洲、南非的核电

业务，美国或北美的业务由加拿大总部负责。在

世界上440座已运行核电站中，威兰为350个核电

站提供阀门。我们的市场占有率相当可观。

DPS：核电站对阀门的需求量很大，但同时我们也

注意到市场上的阀门供应商也越来越多。在这样

的情况下，威兰公司如何保持竞争优势？

莫尼艾先生：威兰的核电业务始于美国和欧洲。

世界上第一座核电站正在使用威兰的阀门。所以

我们积累了很多经验。这是第一点。

第二，我们总能研发出符合市场需求的产品。威

兰一直专注于新技术、质量和产品开发。威兰阀

29

门的主体使用锻造工艺，用压片机将原材料压成

型。凭借此工艺，威兰的产品寿命可长达60年。

而其他阀门供应商使用铸钢工艺。我们也开发低

维护阀门，安装这种阀门之后十年内不需要考虑

维护问题。我们给阀门行业和核电行业带来许多

新的想法，很多甚至成为行业标准。

第三点是资格。威兰90%的阀门用在核电站安全壳

内，在事故状态下能够冷却反应堆、喷淋水、控

制水中的化学剂含量。为了能够提供这种高规格

的阀门，我们做了大量的试验和报告来检验阀门

的合格性。威兰有250多份资格报告，而其他公司

没有这么多。

第四点是经验反馈。威兰大多数阀门已经运行了

二三十年，根据现场运行经验，我们非常清楚产

品合格与否。

第五点是我们的企业规模适中，能够应付中国、

美国、法国和欧洲其他国家核电项目的需求。中

国在福岛核事故之前计划每年新建8座核电站，所

以需要供应商能有充足的资金购买材料和设备。

威兰现在的规模正好符合中国核电项目的需求。

最后一点是我们贴近客户。核电在中囯处于发展

期，我们不仅能够帮助客户提高核知识水平还能

为他们提供技术支持。除此之外，我们会向客户

解释我们的阀门具体好在哪里，而不像其他公司

只告诉客户买他们的产品。另外，我们也有很多

经验与客户一起分享。

DPS：威兰什么时候在江苏苏州建立的工厂？威兰

在这一工厂的策略是什么？

莫尼艾先生：这座工厂是2009年建立的，占地60

00平方米，大约有五六十名工人。工厂里的机器

是全新的并且是最先进的。我们在这个工厂里使

用了焊接机器人。开始一切都很顺利，但是目前

我们还不能生产核设备因为HAF601要求在中国境

内的新厂需有5年经验才可以生产核设备。

但是我们将这个厂用作威兰法国公司的分包商。

将来，我们会为中国生产更多的阀门。当然具体

的实施时间和速度进程还有待公司慎重考虑，其

中，市场景气与否是一大关键因素。事实上，威

兰在一步一步朝着这个目标迈进，但是我们不会

像其他大公司一样事先大张旗鼓到处宣扬，事后

无所作为。我们的方法，即使不佳，也是属于我

们自己的。

DPS：除了您刚刚提到的HAF601的限制，您是否

在中国遇到了其他的阻碍或者技术挑战？

莫尼艾先生：没有太多技术挑战，但是有些原材

料在中国买不到。这个工厂完全归威兰所有。如

果与一个中国企业“联姻”会比较容易申请HAF6

01证书，但是“联姻”的一大风险就是“分手”

。很多合资公司经营几年之后就会由于各种原因

而解体，比如不同的目标或者不同的管理模式等

等。

30

DPS：威兰给中国核电厂提供什么样的阀门？

莫尼艾先生：一个核电厂需要大约20000个阀门，

包括核岛和常规岛。在这些阀门当中，核与核安

全相关的阀门大概是200个，这些都属于我们的供

应范围。威兰注重高技术含量、高质量和高难度

的阀门，我们不和本地公司竞争低水平的阀门。

可以说，威兰的阀门是用来避免核事故的发生或

者发生事故之后控制反应堆，比如福岛核事故。

这也是我们需要反馈经验的原因。对于台山项目

来说，我们提供了5000多个阀门，因为台山项目

是欧洲设计，我们与欧洲设计商们关系很近。

2009年到2010年，威兰将法国工厂的生产能力提

升了一倍，每年生产10个核电厂所需的阀门。我

们为中国提供的最多的是每年6至8个核电厂所需

的阀门。如果中国重启核电项目，发展速度与之

前预期一样，我们也能够应付自如。

DPS：您喜欢在中国做生意吗？在与中国人打交道

时您是否遇到过困难？

莫尼艾先生：在中国做生意很难，具有挑战性。

中国人想要学习并且听从你的想法，而且越是年

长越有优势，和在欧洲完全相反。在中国，年长

意味着经验丰富。可是中国人相当尊重外国人。

一旦你理解了他们的行为，知道什么能做什么不

能做，你会发现中国人很友好。一开始和中国人

打交道可能会有挫折感，可是一旦你掌握了要领

，你就会非常自信。不过具体还得看个人。除了

语言障碍外，我和中囯人交往基本没有困难。

至于中国人做生意的方式，这是另外一个问题，

这取决于生意对象和地点。与大公司做生意的方

式与小公司相比完全不同。中囯的核电工程公司

无论从组织结构、还是培训或者员工，都管理的

井井有条，和西方公司风格相近。但是小公司做

事不够迅速，对核电项目也不够熟悉。

DPS：威兰本地化的策略是什么？

莫尼艾先生：首先，威兰不能找到所有想要的原

材料、设备或者分包商，因为我们对当地的核电

标准和规范体系了解的还不够到位。因此我们大

部分原材料都从欧洲采购。其次，我们给中国提

供的阀门虽然数量不多，但是体积庞大。中国的

阀门公司想要进行批量生产，因为这是中国的做

事风格。但是在欧洲，尤其是在法国，我们能够

理解签订许多合同进行小批量、具体化的生产。

同时，我们也朝本地化的目标前进了很多，首先

，我们在北京有一个常驻办公室，在苏州有一个

工厂，还有一个中国的维修团队。另外，威兰帮

助中国客户启动核电站项目。将来还有更多核电

站要建设，所以威兰和中国客户需要一起合作。

我们也经常与政府机构和协会定期交流，进行了

许多合作。这也是一种本地化，更是一种支持中

国自力更生的方式。即使威兰不给中国生产阀门

，我们对中国核电设备的自力更生贡献很多。另

外，我们通过召开会议和更多的朋友分享我们在

中国市场的经验。

31

DPS：威兰在中国未来的目标是什么？

莫尼艾先生：中国45个已运营和在建核电项目中

，我们已经为41个核电项目提供产品，其中30个

核电项目是在过去的5年里完成的。我们帮助每一

个核电厂进行试运行，这比谈判困难得多。所以

我们打算在中国的广东省成立一个服务中心，可

能靠近海边，以便客户来电时我们能够提供更高

效的服务。我们想要离客户更近一些，帮助开发

更先进的反应堆，因为发生了福岛事故。我们也

需要从福岛事故中总结经验，这也是应中国政府

要求。我们会协助中国的工程公司就我们的产品

方面开发新的反应堆。

我们也参与了很多第三代核电反应堆。我们已经

在欧洲签订了EPR反应堆的合同并且获得了反馈，

威兰集团也与西屋公司合作参与到AP1000反应堆

中。除此之外，我们也为中国自主设计的反应堆

带来很多阀门方面的想法，比如ACP1000、ACPR

1000、CAP1000等等。我们想要帮助中国提高第

三代核电技术。当然，我们也会继续签订新的合

同，准备在中国的生产以及本地化。

DPS：您认为中国核电市场未来的走向如何？

莫尼艾先生：如果你问我的感觉的话，我确定中

国会重启核电项目，但是建设速度不会像之前预

计的每年6-8个核电项目，我认为最多每年4-

6个。事实上，将来会有更多新的反应堆，如ACP

R1000，CAP1400等等。目前这些反应堆没有进

行商用，有待进一步提高，我们需要等待，直至

它们被核安全机构批准。这也许需要2-

3年的时间。在这期间，我们会继续进行改进型CP

R1000项目。同样的，2-

3年内不会重启新的AP1000机组，因为这类机组

采用全新的设计，福岛事故之后，在首个AP1000

机组的运行结果尚未明了的情况下，没有人会启

动更多这类机组的，需要等三门和海阳项目的结

果，大约到2014年。EPR机组可能会提前重启，因

为另外两个

EPR项目马上在欧洲投入运营，所以会提前有些反

馈经验，但是也差不多在同一年。我们会继续进

行CPR1000项目，专注于维护和服务，然后等待

中国新的设计。

32

33

会议展会

第九届全国采矿学术会议暨矿山技术设备

展示会

由中国核学会、中国煤炭学会、中国地质学会、

中国金属学会、中国有色金属学会、中国化工学

会、中国硅酸盐学会、中国矿业联合会、中国黄

金协会等联合主办，中国核学会承办，《中国矿

业》杂志社协办的“第九届全国采矿学术会议”

将于2012年8月24日在云南昆明召开。大会主题

：“中国采矿业科技创新与可持续发展”。

此次会议正值我国面临加快经济调整、加快科技

进步与创新、加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型

社会的艰巨任务，第九届采矿学术会议要展示200

9年以来，我国矿业科技发展的最新趋势和成就，

交流现代采矿新技术、新工艺、新设备方面的研

究成果和生产实践经验，以促进我国采矿业的可

持续发展，建立中国矿业资源战略保障体系，创

建国际矿产资源市场新格局，为此，特邀请矿业

界的院士、专家、学者、科技人员和矿山企业家

在大会做专题报告，共商我国矿业发展大计。

联系方式：

中国核学会

联系地址：北京市西城区三里河南三巷1号

联 系 人：秦昭曼

联系电话：010-68555584

传 真：010-68527188

科技文章

福岛核事故对中国核电站厂址选择影响研

究

王泽雷，周 涛，李 洋，郭淼淼，樊昱楠

（华北电力大学核热工安全和标准化研究所，北

京 102206）

供稿单位：《环境科学与技术》

2011年3月11日下午，日本发生9.0级特大地震并

引起海啸。日本福岛第一核电厂1号机组发生放射

性泄漏事故，随后的几天，福岛第一核电厂的六

台核电机组发生了冷却剂丧失、堆芯过热、堆芯

压力过高、燃料裸露融化、氢气爆炸、放射性泄

漏等不同程度的事故。引起福岛核事故最直接的

因素就是特大地震与海啸，地震造成反应堆停堆

，厂用电失效并切断外用电源，地震引发的海啸

又损毁备用柴油机，致使堆芯余热无法及时排出

而引起一系列的事故。日本原子能安全安保院4月

12日已将这次核泄漏事故等级定为最高的7级。日

本国土狭小，几乎整个国家地处环太平洋地震带

上，地壳运动活跃。我国邻近日本，也是一个震

灾比较严重的国家。因此，核电站的厂址选择对

核电站的安全有至关重要的影响。对比分析地震

及其引发的海啸对中国核电的影响，吸取其有益

教训，对促使中国核电事业安全快速地发展有着

十分重要的实践意义。

34

1 地震因素分析

1.1 中日核电站分布与地震带分布对比

根据世界核工业联合会公布的数字，目前日本共

有运行中的核电机组55个，分布于狭长的海岸线

上，分布情况如图1所示。

图1 日本核电机组分布示意图

日本位于亚欧板块和太平洋板块交界处，整个国

家都地处于环太平洋地震带上，平均每年的有感

地震达1000次，世界上里氏6级及以上的地震大约

20％发生在日本，是世界上最易发生地震的国家

之一。根据调查，截止2011年5月中国大陆正在运

行中的核电机组总共有13座，还有许多建设中、

规划建设和前期工作中的核电机组，其分布范围

大致如图2所示。

图2 中国核电机组分布示意图

我国与日本相邻，地处世界两大地震带——

环太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带之间。自1949年以

来，我国发生了一百余次破坏性地震，地震成灾

面积达30多万平方公里。我国的地震活动主要分

布在五个地区的23条地震带上。其地震带分布如

图3所示。

图3 我国地震带分布情况

通过图2与图3的比较，以及图1和日本位于环太平

洋地震带的情况，我们可以看到：

①目前中国大陆正在运行中的核电机组数量较少

，分别位于我国的浙江、江苏和广东三省，我国

在这些区域鲜有地震带分布。而日本核电机组数

量位于世界前列，散落分布于漫长的海岸线上，

分布密度远大于中国，并且各核电厂都无法完全

规避地震带。

②随着我国核电的发展与国家的政策规划，核电

站开始向内陆发展，但可以发现建设与规划中的

核电站大多主要集中于华南各省，远离地震带的

区域。通过图2和图3比较，发现只有四川、重庆

处规划的核电站离西南地区地震带比较近，还有

辽宁红沿河离东北地区的地震带比较近。

③我国幅员辽阔，从地震带分布图来看，以及自1

949年来历史地震成灾面积与整个国土面积相比，

我国有广阔的地域可以规避地震灾害。

35

1.2 核电站厂址选择中的地震调查与评价

经过调查发现，日本早期的核电站，其设计抗震

标准为里氏6.5级。2006年，日本修改了核电站抗

震标准，将最大抗震能力提高为里氏7.0级。据东

京电力公司有关文件显示，对福岛核电站的地震

测试假设，最高只达到过7.9级。所以这次的地震

属于福岛核电站的超设计基准事故。并且由现在

的后果可以推断出日本在福岛选址时没有充分考

虑到未来发生超设计基准地震的概率而重新选址

或者特别设计。此次事故给日本敲响警钟，直接

促使日本关闭位于静冈县的核电站，因为未来30

年内日本中部发生8级以上地震的概率超过80%[4]

。

我国自1987年，关于核电站厂址的地震调查与安

全性评价，国家核安全局和国家地震局先后共同

发布了核安全导则HAD101/01《核电厂厂址选择

中的地震问题》0版本和1版本（国家核安全局，1

994）。核电站厂址选择中的地震评价，包括对所

选厂址的地表断裂、地震活动性、与地震和地质

现象有关的潜在永久性地面变形、海啸和湖涌等

厂址特征引起的地震安全性的评价，及抗震设计

所需的设计基准地震动参数的确定。在设计基准

地震动的确定中，每一个核电站厂址要确定两个

级别——SL-1和SL-2级的设计基准地震动。

SL-

1级地震动是对应于比较可能发生、破坏性不大的

地震荷载条件，称为运行安全地震动；SL-

2级地震动是对应于极限安全要求的，称为极限安

全地震动。

可以看出，两个级别设计基准地震动是十分必要

的。此次福岛事故说明，极限事故虽然发生概率

极小，但是其造成的破坏性极大。这也是对我国

的警示，对于运行中、建设中与规划中的核电站

需要进行严格地地震调查与评价。要以福岛为鉴

，重新审查和严格制定中国核电站抗震标准。

另外，此次福岛第一核电站发生事故的同时，第

二核电站也引起人们的担忧，两个核电站仅仅距

离10km。这样发生地震等大面积灾害的时候，就

会给核电站造成更大的风险，也给抢险救灾工作

带来更多的限制。彼此过近的核电站，也会对两

者的辐射监测工作相互影响，若发生放射性泄漏

事故也会对对方的运行不利。因此，随着我国核

电发展加快脚步，特别是一些核电大省，两个核

电站的距离也应该是考虑的安全因素之一。同样

的道理，同一个厂区内建设机组的数量和机组之

间的距离也需要进一步考虑，保证既保证有较高

的经济性又保证安全性。

2 海啸因素分析

2.1 中日海啸情况比较

日本的大陆架短小，且发育的很不好，都被许多

海底峡谷所切割。日本岛东部濒临广阔的西太平

洋，西部是深邃的日本海。日本海海底以海盆和

峡谷地形为主，多处水深大于3000米。日本东海

岸无其他岛链阻隔，直接面对广阔的太平洋。加

之日本恰好位于环太平洋地震带上，若地震震中

处于海底50km以内，并高于里氏6.5级，海底出现

大范围的上升或下降则会发生海啸，海啸又没有

宽广的大陆架阻隔削弱，因此，历史上日本曾多

次遭受海啸的冲击破坏。

与日本相比，我国海区处于宽广大陆架上，水深

较浅大都在200m以内。从地质构造上看，沿海地

区很少有大断裂层和断裂带，我国海区内也很少

有海沟，所以即使我国海区发生较强的地震，一

般不会引起海底地壳大面积的垂直升降变化。而

36

且在我国辽阔的近海，分布着大小数千个岛屿礁

滩，形成一道屏障；在我国近海外侧又有日本九

州、琉球群岛，以及菲律宾诸岛拱卫，抵御着外

海海啸波的猛烈冲击。加之宽广大陆架浅海底摩

擦阻力的作用，当海啸波从深海传播到我国海区

时，其能量已迅速衰减，已构不成威胁。

据历史记载，二千年以来，我国只发生过10次地

震海啸，平均200年左右才出现一次[7]。1949年

建国以后有详细记录的地震海啸只有3次，均没有

造成破坏性。这表明我国沿海发生地震海啸的可

能性很小，并且几乎不具有破坏性。

2.2 滨海核电站厂址选择中的防洪评价

根据日本《读卖新闻》3月30日的报道日本全国所

有的核电站在设计前都没有设想过10m以上的海

啸来袭的状况，而此次海啸的高度超过20m。日

本历史上曾发生过多次海啸，1896年日本三陆地

震海啸甚至高达38m。根据日本地理状况，核电

站的设计不考虑10m以上的海啸是不合理的。尽

管我国沿海不可能发生大的海啸，但大亚湾、秦

山和岭澳核电的防波堤设计建设都是严格按照法

规和导则的，例如岭澳核电站的防波堤绵延2.5km

，高度为13.8m，可以抵御小于14m的海浪。

对于滨海核电厂防洪评价中海啸影响，我国核安

全法规和导则中都有明确要求。核安全法规《核

电厂厂址选择规定》（HAF101）中明确规定：在

厂址安全评价中必须评价厂址所在区域是否存在

影响核电厂安全的海啸的可能性。若存在可能性

，则必须收集厂址所在的沿岸地区产生海啸的历

史资料，并鉴别其可靠性及其与厂址的相关性。

根据收集的资料，估算出所在区域海啸的高度、

发生频率及大小。由这些综合考虑厂址沿岸地形

等因素确定设计基准海啸。

另外，核安全导则《滨海核电厂厂址设计基准洪

水的确定》（HAD101/09）中指出：厂址最好选

择在不受海啸严重影响的地方，如果核电厂必须

建在可能受海啸影响的地方，则应保守地分析由

海啸产生的潜在影响，并在设计中按可能最大海

啸来考虑设计基准洪水。核电站的厂址标高、防

波堤及护岸的设计都是根据设计基准洪水位（DBF

）来决定的。核电站厂址基准标高不应低于基准

洪水位（DBF），同时考虑一定的安全裕度。由于

目前相关的法规中对核电站厂址标高的安全裕度

没有具体规定，都是参照了火力发电厂的相关要

求并考虑海平面上升的因素后确定厂址标高[8]。

此次日本核事故还给我们一个警示，就是两个超

设计基准事故叠加的情况，比如这次的9级地震与

超级海啸。秦山核电站根据这个启示，考虑了特

大台风叠加特大钱塘江潮的情况下最高的海浪水

位，决定增加防波堤的高度。这给以后核站建设

提供了经验，一定要考察当地的特殊情况。

核电新闻

AP1000依托项目屏蔽厂房整体方案专家委

员会在京召开

6月18日，2012年环境保护部（国家核安全局）

核安全与环境专家委员会部分委员会议暨AP1000

依托项目屏蔽厂房整体方案专家委员会在京顺利

召开。

会上，环境保护部（国家核安全局）就AP1000自

主化依托项目三门、海阳核电厂1、2号机组屏蔽

厂房结构设计变更申请文件的审评情况进行了汇

报，上海核工程研究设计院就依托项目屏蔽厂房

37

设计变更情况进行了汇报，与会委员及专家进行

了认真、细致的讨论，认为AP1000自主化依托项

目三门、海阳核电厂1、2号机组屏蔽厂房结构设

计变更整体方案是合理可行的，满足相关法规标

准要求，审议通过了AP1000依托项目屏蔽厂房整

体方案，为屏蔽厂房下一阶段工程建设明确了方

向。

来源：http://www.smnpc.com.cn

我国先进燃料组件研发工作迈出重要一步

6月14日，中核集团拥有自主知识产权的两组N36

特征化燃料组件正式开始进入中核核电运行管理

有限公司第二核电厂2号机组第九循环接受辐照考

验。“这对中核集团进行的锆合金自主研制工作

而言，具有里程碑式的意义，同时也标志着我国

先进燃料组件研发迈出了重要一步。”中核集团

副总工程师、压水堆燃料元件设计制造技术项目

（CF专项）总指挥李广长这样评价说。

中国核动力研究设计院经过长期研究，明确了N36

锆合金的基本成分和优良性能，并确定将其作为

先进燃料组件的包壳材料。随后，核动力院与西

北有色金属研究院、上海高泰稀贵金属股份有限

公司等单位共同研制出N36管棒材，进而由中核燃

料元件有限公司南方分公司试制了N36特征化燃料

组件，并于今年1月获得了国家核安全局的入堆批

准。

N36特征化燃料组件的顺利入堆，是包壳材料研制

的重要节点。由此，我国自主品牌先进燃料组件

研发工作迈出了实质性一步。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn/

电监会正拟定规则 民资办电或成行

国家电监会正拟定一份有关民资进入电力行业的

相关规定，内容不仅涉及民间资本进入火电、水

电、核电和新能源等传统发电领域，还将允许民

资进入一直处于国家自然垄断的电网环节。

知情人士告诉本报记者，电网对民资的开闸，不

会像放开发电环节一样完全放开，将采取“部分

开放”的形式，即只允许民资投资和运营。

据透露，该规定将在年内出台。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn/

“十二五”核安全重点项目投资约800亿

近日，环保部公布了《关于全国民用核设施综合

安全检查情况的报告》（以下简称《报告》）和

《核安全与放射性污染防治“十二五”规划及202

0年远景目标》（以下简称《规划》），向社会各

界征求意见和建议，截至时间为6月29日。

《报告》指出，总体上讲，我国核设施安全是有

保障的。由于与日本福岛核电厂所处厂址条件不

同，我国核设施发生类似福岛核事故的可能性极

低。但是，我国核设施在应对引发福岛核事故类

似的极端自然灾害事件时，仍存在一些薄弱环节

。《规划》提出，为推动核能与核技术利用的技

术升级和进步，进一步消除安全隐患，“十二五

”期间重点项目投资需求约798亿元。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

38

39

国家出台核安全十二五规划

加推26台核电机组建设

目前，我国布局核电厂建设项目已经渐行渐近。

继国务院常务会议审议并原则通过《关于全国民

用核设施综合安全检查情况的报告》和《核安全

与放射性污染防治“十二五”规划及2020年远景

目标》(以下简称《核安全规划》)后，国家环保部

在其官网头条发布了上述两个文件全文，征求社

会各界的意见和建议。

据记者了解，我国目前在建的核电机组共26台，

包括在浙江三门和山东海阳建设的4台从美国西屋

公司引进的百万千瓦级非能动压水堆型机组;在广

东台山建设的2台从法国引进的170万千瓦级压水

堆型机组(EPR);在辽宁红沿河、浙江方家山、福建

宁德和福清、广东阳江和广西防城港建设的18台

在岭澳3、4号机组基础上进一步改进的自主设计

百万千瓦级压水堆型机组;在海南昌江建设的2台以

秦山第二核电厂3、4

号机组为参考的60万千瓦级压水堆型机组。环境

保护部有关负责人表示，日本福岛核事故，我国

实施的核设施综合安全检查结果表明，我国运行

和在建核电机组基本满足我国现行核安全法规和

国际原子能机构最新标准的要求，安全和质量是

有保障的。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

核动力院非能动氢复合器实现向核电厂供

货

日前，中国核动力研究设计院收到核电秦山联营

有限公司二期工程1、2号机组非能动氢复合器的

中标通知，这是核动力院二所自主研发的核电厂

非能动氢复合器实现首次向核电厂供货，标志着

核动力院核电产品研发的又一次成功。

非能动氢复合器作为核电厂安全壳内重要的安全

设备，其国内核电市场份额被法国AREVA公司和

中船718所垄断，日本福岛核电厂311核事故后，

世界各国对核电厂运行安全十分重视，我国也对

核电厂安全运行及相关设备提出了新的要求。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn

中核目标：2015年主导核电投资5000亿元

中核集团为“十二五”规划乃至更长时期订立新

目标：到2015年，占主导的核电站建设累计投资

将达到5000亿元，带动核电关联产业投资近2000

0亿元。到2020年，中核集团核电投资将达8000

亿元。据悉，在核电发展方面，中核集团将积极

推进百万千瓦级三代核电技术消化吸收再创新，

推动60万千瓦级三代核电ACP600、四代核电商用

快堆、模块式多用途小型反应堆、先进核燃料元

件、乏燃料后处理等技术取得突破性进展。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

中核燃料元件南方分公司联合核电工程公

司验收西核新燃料运输容器项目

6月9日，由中核燃料元件有限公司南方分公司、

中国核电工程有限公司组成的验收组对西安核设

备有限公司研制的首台CNFC-

3G新燃料运输容器进行了出厂试验验收。

40

验收当天 ,验收组对首台CNFC-

3G新燃料运输容器的外观质量、制造结构进行了

现场检查，见证了气密性试验、空容器操作试验

、模拟燃料组件装载及卸载试验；同时，对容器

的质量控制计划、原材料质量证明文件、主要材

料复验报告、生产过程记录、检验试验报告、外

购外包件质量证明文件等软件资料进行了审查。

通过现场检查、试验过程见证和资料审查，验收

组认为：西核公司研制的首台CNFC-

3G新燃料运输容器的硬件制造质量、原材料采购

、外包外购件质量受控，产品制造过程资料完整

、规范、有效，基本满足合同和设计技术文件的

要求，同意通过出厂验收。据了解,新燃料运输容

器是中核集团实施重点科技专项以来首个实施转

化的重大项目，西核公司承担了共100台该设备的

研制任务。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn

上市提速 中国核电IPO过环评初审

中国核能电力股份有限公司（以下简称中国核电

）IPO又向前迈出一步。环境保护部（国家核安全

局）对该公司下属7家生产企业开展了核查工作，

经核查，没有发现该公司下属生产企业存在违反

相关法律法规的行为。

中国核电IPO募资主要投向5大核电项目建

设，投资总额约为1735.24亿元。

中国核电通过环保初审

中国核电以《关于中国核能电力股份有限公司首

次公开发行并上市环境保护有关事宜的请示》（

中国核电安发［2012］30号）向环保部申请上市

环保合规证明文件，并提交了《中国核能电力股

41

份有限公司首次公开发行A股股票环境保护检查技

术报告》、《关于中国核能电力股份有限公司首

次公开发行并上市方案的报告》及其他相关材料

。

环保部按照工作程序与要求，对该公司下属7家生

产企业开展了核查工作。环保部称，中国核电下

属企业根据国家核安全局发布的福岛事故后改进

行动要求，已经完成了部分安全改进行动，对于

尚未完成的安全改进行动，也在积极落实；并按

照要求，对各运行核电厂正在开展安全裕量评价

工作。

经核查，环保部得出结论：中国核电下属各核电

厂均按照我国核安全法律法规开展选址、设计、

建造和运行等活动，质量保证体系和内部核安全

监督体系运转有效，在建核电机组质量处于受控

状态，在役机组安全稳定运行，未发现违反核安

全法律法规的情况。

资料显示，中国核电是由中国核工业集团公司作

为控股股东，联合中国长江三峡集团公司、中国

远洋运输（集团）总公司和航天投资控股有限公

司共同出资设立，目前共拥有全资及控股子公司1

3家，参股子公司1家。公司控股在役核电机组9台

，装机容量649.6万千瓦；控股在建核电机组10台

，装机容量1028万千瓦。

1735亿建5大核电项目

中国核电提交的首次公开发行A股股票招股说明书

申报稿显示，中国核电首次公开发行股票募集资

金主要投向福建福清核电工程、秦山核电厂扩建

项目、浙江三门核电一期工程、海南昌江核电工

程、田湾核电站3、4号机组工程以及补充流动资

金。前述5个项目投资总额需要1735.24亿元，其

中，福建福清核电工程所需投资最大达到493.35

亿元。

日前国务院常务会议原则通过核安全规划，核电

重启预期加强。但核电的投入较大，即便按照目

前技术上最成熟、成本最低廉的M310机型为标准

，每千瓦核电机组造价1.2万元来计算，中国核电

在建1028万千瓦需要资金1234亿元。

中国核工业集团公司5月30日发行其2012年企业

债券。本期债券募集资金中28亿元拟用于浙江秦

山核电厂扩建项目（方家山核电工程）、浙江三

门核电一期工程、福建福清核电一期工程、福建

福清核电3至4号机组工程和海南昌江核电项目；

剩下7亿元用于补充营运资金。其中多数项目，是

中国核电IPO的募投项目。

分析人士指出，尽管核电中长期规划尚未出台，

核电装机规模2020年是否缩小尚难定论，但发展

核电的预期不变，目前国内仅有中国核工业集团

、中电投和中广核三家核电运营商，如中国核电

率先上市便可获得资金优势。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

钱智民会见美国能源部代理副部长Sandalo

w

6月12日，中核集团总经理钱智民在北京会见了美

国能源部代理副部长David San-

dalow一行。双方主要就日本福岛核事故之后中美

两国核安全检查及未来核能发展、中国AP1000核

电工程进展及存在的问题、以及未来新堆型合作

等方面进行了深入的交流，并同意进一步加强在

核能方面的合作。美国驻华使馆能源处主任Marty

Schoenbauer、中核集团国际合作开发部、科技与

信息化部、核动力事业部等相关负责人陪同参加

。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn

42

中核集团总经理助理李晓明会见美国巴威

mPower公司总裁莫里

6月7日，中核集团总经理助理李晓明在集团总部

会见了美国巴威（B&W）公司高层领导、mPower

公司总裁兼GmP公司董事长莫里（Christopher

Mowry）一行。

双方就加强在模块式小型反应堆方面的合作进行

了探讨，并同意双方工作组就有关具体合作细节

进行进一步协商。巴威mPower公司总法律顾问Ro

bert Tem-

ple、中核集团国际合作开发部、中核新能源公司

等部门和单位的负责人和相关人员陪同参加。

来源：http://www.cnnc.com.cn

陈求发与基里延科签署《中俄核领域合作

路线图》

6月5日，工业和信息化部副部长、国家原子能机

构主任陈求发与俄罗斯国家原子能集团公司总经

理基里延科签署了《中国国家原子能机构与俄罗

斯国家原子能集团公司核领域合作路线图》。

中俄核领域合作路线图涵盖核电、快堆、核燃料

、空间核动力等领域，是中俄核领域合作的重要

指导性文件。路线图的签署将推动双方核领域合

作迈上新台阶，并进一步丰富两国战略协作伙伴

关系的内涵。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

印尼核技术公司、Prodigy En-

ergy公司等访问大亚湾核电

6月4日上午，印度尼西亚核技术公司董事Heddy

Krishyana、印尼Prodigy Energy公司总监Sujono

Hadisudapno以及Magna Master Indone-

sia公司Bert Ng Wee

Tiong到大亚湾核电基地参观访问。

访问期间，Heddy Krishyana

一行对中广核集团通过群堆模式批量化建设、标

准化管理发展核电的实践以及大亚湾核电基地的

优美环境印象深刻，并希望能与中广核集团深入

探讨后续在核电领域的合作方式，实质性推动印

尼清洁能源事业发展。中广核集团表示愿意与包

括印度尼西亚在内的东南亚国家分享经验，在核

电前期准备、人员培训以及其他清洁能源领域方

面开展合作。

来源：http://www.cgnpc.com.cn

中俄或签署协议在中国建造工业快中子反

应堆

据6月5日报道，俄罗斯国家原子能集团总裁谢尔

盖基里延科向记者透露，俄罗斯与中国企业今夏

或签署在中国建造快中子工业反应堆的首批文件

。

目前正陪同普京访问中国的基里延科说：“讨论

了建造快中子反应堆(BN型)的可能性--

不是研究型的，而是全面的。”据他称，“两国

公司夏季可能签署一份相关的协议”。

43

基里延科还积极评价了俄原子能集团与中国国家

原子能机构5日签署的“路线图”。他说道，俄罗

斯与中国之间此前有单独的合同，现在这些合同

都收集到了一起。“计划涉及的不是未来一到两

年，而是更远的前景。”他指出。

基里延科进一步透露，该“路线图”不仅包括所

有核电站建设双边项目，而且还包括核燃料加工

项目以及太空核项目等等。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

国家核电与西屋合资核级海绵锆项目生产

线开始投产

６月８日上午，国家核电技术公司与美国西屋电

气公司合资建设的国核维科锆铪有限公司世界先

进的核级海绵锆工厂正式投产，我国将结束核级

海绵锆一直依赖进口、长期受制于人的历史。

核级海绵锆是国家重要的战略性物资，是核电站

反应堆的关键必备材料。核燃料棒的包壳锆管是

采用核级锆合金材料制造的，具有很好的密封性

和在运行条件下长期封存裂变产物的能力，被称

为核电站运行的第一道安全屏障。核级海绵锆就

是制造核级锆合金材料的重要原料，但目前我国

核电站所需的核级海绵锆一直依赖进口，成为我

国核电产业的薄弱环节。2007年7月24日，国家

核电技术有限公司与美国西屋联合体签署了第三

代核电技术转让及核岛设备采购合同，这是中美

两国最大的能源科技合作项目，其中，核级锆材

制造是一项重要技转内容。随着合作项目的深入

推进，国家核电和西屋电气合资成立国核维科锆

铪有限公司，推动核级海绵锆的中国国产化工作

。

国核维科锆铪有限公司是由国核宝钛锆业股份公

司与西屋电气英国控股有限公司共同出资组建，

于２００９年６月正式在南通经济技术开发区注

册，注册资金２.１亿元人民币，项目一期总投资

６.８亿元人民币，主要研发、生产、销售各种核

44

级海绵锆、工业级海绵锆、氧化铪以及相关副产

品，预计年产核级海绵锆２０００吨，将为美国

这一世界上最大的核级海绵锆存量市场和中国这

一发展最快的增量市场提供产品。

国核维科锆铪有限公司总经理周翰表示，核级海

绵锆项目系国家大力发展核电、引进美国ＡＰ１

０００先进核电技术中核级锆材、填补国内空白

的关键项目。生产线投产是我国第三代核电自主

化进程中实现的一项重大里程碑目标，为填补我

国核级海绵锆生产的空白，支撑核电自主化、批

量化和可持续发展奠定了坚实基础。周翰说，此

项目将加速核级海绵锆技术引进、消化进程，实

现核级锆材自主化、规模化发展，为实现我国核

电中长期发展规划的目标提供有效保障。

http://www.snptc.com.cn

红沿河核电站3号反应堆压力容器运抵现场

6月11日中午，红沿河核电站3号机组反应堆压力

容器顺利运抵现场，这是红沿河核电站3号机组反

应堆厂房首个运抵现场的重要设备。红沿河核电

站3号机组反应堆压力容器由一重集团大连基地制

造，净重271.6吨，于2010年1月9日开工制造，历

时29个月完成制造工作。

来源：http://www.cgnpc.com.cn

福建首台核电机组有望年内投产发电

福建宁德核电站15日对外宣布，宁德核电1号机组

经过45天热试，热态功能试验圆满结束，有望年

底投产发电，成为福建省首台投产发电的核电机

组。

目前，宁德核电项目进展顺利，正进入四台机组

全面施工的高峰期，其中1、2号机组已完成总体

工程量的89.5%，3、4号机组已完成总体工程量的

50.3%。

宁德核电站项目规划总容量为6台百万千瓦级核电

机组，其中一期工程建设4台机组，一期工程总造

价约520亿元人民币，计划2012年底到2015年四

年间每年投产一台机组。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

依托项目三门1号机组完成首个调试向运行

系统移交

2012年6月5日，依托项目三门1号机组除盐水制

水系统（DTS）举行了调试向生产移交的签字仪式

，三门核电运行处按照管理程序的要求对三门项

目联合调试队所提交的移交包进行了签收，标志

着全球首台AP1000核电机组完成第一个调试向运

行移交的系统。

除盐水制水系统为工程建设期间的管道冲洗、系

统水压试验提供可靠合格水源。AP1000第三代核

电机组对除盐水水质要求非常严格，指标远远高

于国内外各类电站用水标准。水质指标由常规电

站的三项指标增加到十三项，是当今世界上电站

行业中要求最严格的除盐水水质指标。自2012年3

月20日除盐水可用节点实现以来，联合调试队始

终坚持高标准、严要求的工作态度，认真处理缺

陷和建安尾项，通过不懈的努力为系统向生产移

交打下坚实基础。

45

除盐水制水系统DTS由调试向运行的移交完成标志着全球首堆第一个工艺系统的调试工作全部完成，

为后续调试工作的开展和移交接产起到了良好的示范作用。

来源：http://www.china-nea.cn

阳江核电站3号机组穹顶吊装成功

6月9日9：12，历经1小时16分钟的紧张作业，阳江核电站3号机组穹顶吊装成功，为阳江核电3号机

组核岛土建工程划上了圆满句号。

在阳江核电现场各施工单位的精心组织、密切协作下，阳江核电站3号机组穹顶现场拼装、土建移交

安装、安装返移交、安全壳混凝土施工、钢衬里施工、内部结构施工、环吊安装等各个重要控制点均

如期实现，确保了此次穹顶整体吊装的顺利完成。

来源：http://www.cgnpc.com.cn

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —- — — — — —- — — —- — —- — — — — — — — — - — — - — — - - — - —- - — — - —- - — —- — — —- — — — — —

请填写以下表格并传真至 010-64654957

公司：

姓名：

职位：

邮箱：

感兴趣的领域：

46

47