YAŞAR UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

MASTER/PhD THESIS

THE OPTIMIZATION OF INTERIOR DESIGNS OF BANK BRANCHES LOCATED IN IZMIR

Ayca ARSLAN

Thesis Advisor: Prof. Dr. Tayfun TANERCo-Advisor: Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME

Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design

Presentation Date: 30.06.2011

Bornova-İZMİR2011

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Master or PhD thesis.

Master of science or Doctor of philosopy

in scope and in quality, as a dissertation for the degree of master of science.

Prof. Dr. Tayfun TANER (Supervisor)

I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate,in scope and in quality, as a dissertation for the degree of master of science.

Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME

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Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME

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Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME

I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate,in scope and in quality, as a dissertation for the degree of master of science.

Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME

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ABSTRACT

THE OPTIMIZATION OF INTERIOR DESIGNS OF BANK

BRANCHES LOCATED IN IZMIR

ARSLAN, AyçaMSc/PhD in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tayfun TANERCo-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME

June 2011, xx pages

This thesis examines the Interior Design of Bank Branches and their furnitures through ergonomics criteria and looks at increasing working efficiency in future designs of bank offices. The study is about how to make more efficient working bank branches for future designs. It comprises how it should be the physical conditions should be so that they effect employee productivity. How to make interior designs which includes, plan organizations like enterance halls, circulation and waiting areas, open and cell system working parts, Workstation designs for one and two person, chairs, furnitures, lightings, climatization systems and other office equipments through the survey method. The positive and negative parts of designs for bank branches through ergonomic criteria have been looked at. The method of the study is based on a survey, about 605 bank branches of the city İzmir, we made surveys about %2 of this number. The bank branches that had been surveyed are different type of brands.This survey includes, the interior designs and ergonomic criteria through to increase working efficieny. Surveys were determined by workers of bank branches and their ideas about interior designs and furnitures were taken for more ergonomic working circumtances. The results of surveys have been evaluated for ergonomic furniture designs and interiors, they have been helpful for future designs of bank branches. The interior design components are; plan organizations,interior dividers, moveable and constant furniture designs,workstation groups and bank designs, fine structure components like wall, floor, ceiling coverings, lighting and ventilation designs, doors, showcase and façade designs. The examples of bank office designs from abroad and Turkey have been reviewed and literature search have been made by looking at work efficiency and ergonomic criteria of new bank office designs. Also

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competition projects of bank branches have been searched and taken as examples of futuristic bank branch designs for future.

This thesis consists of 6 chapters which include all of these subjects

Keywords: Interior Design of Bank Branches, Space Organization, Office furnitures, Interior Design, Ergonomics Criteria, Workstation Units, Sustainable and Flexiable Furniture Designs.

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ÖZET

İZMİR’DE BULUNAN BANKA ŞUBELERİ İÇ MEKAN

TASARIMLARININ OPTİMİZASYONU

Ayça ARSLANYüksek Lisans/Doktora Tezi, İç Mimarlık ve Çevre Tasarım Bölümü

Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Tayfun TANER İkinci Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Adı SOYADI

Haziran 2011, xx sayfa

Türkçe özet yazılacak. (Abstract in Turkish)

Anahtar sözcükler:

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Yüksek Lisans or Doktora Tezi.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank to my supervisor Prof. Tayfun Taner for his support and help on my thesis.

I would also like to thank to my cousin, Textile Bank manager Bozok Evrenosoğlu and bank employees for their help and support on my study and for allowing me to work inside the bank branch.

I would like to thank, in addition, to Yapı Kredi Izmir Mavisehir Bank branch manager and employees, to Tekfen Euro Bank Izmir Pasaport branch manager and employees, to Akbank Izmir Karsıyaka Bazaar branch manager and employees and to Isbank’s Izmir Real Estate and Construction Department’s Director Assistant Bilge Basaran for her help on my thesis study.

Other banks such as Ingbank, Vakıfbank, Halkbank, Finansbank, managers and employees also merit my thanks without their support this study could not have been realized.

Ayça ARSLAN İzmir, 2011

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TEXT OF OATH

I declare and honestly confirm that my study, titled “……………” and presented as a Master’s / Doctorate Thesis, has been written without applying to any assistance inconsistent with scientific ethics and traditions, that all sources from which I have benefited are listed in the bibliography, and that I have benefited from these sources by means of making references.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT iii

ÖZET v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi

TEXT OF OATH vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

INDEX OF FIGURES xii

INDEX OF TABLES xiii

INDEX OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiv

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Subject of the Thesis 1

1.2 Aims and Problem Definition 1

1.3 Context of the Thesis 3

1.4 Structure of the Thesis 4

2 HISTORY OF BANKS 6

2.1 Description of the Concept of Bank 6

2.1.1 Description of bank buildings 7

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2.1.2 Function of banks 8

2.2 Space Requirements of Bank Buildings 9

2.2.1 Circulation areas 9

2.2.2 Horizontal circulation areas 10

2.2.2.1 Vertical circulation areas 12

2.2.2.1.1 Heading 5 12

2.2.2.1.1.1 Heading 6 12

2.2.3 Work areas 14

2.2.3.1 The waiting hall 14

2.2.3.1.1 Heading 5 14

2.2.3.2 Director and meeting rooms 17

2.2.3.3 Bank Vault Rooms 18

2.2.3.4 Archives and storages 19

2.2.4 Areas of social need 19

3 DESCRIPTION OF ERGONOMICS 21

3.1 Description of Ergonomics 21

3.2 Computer Solutions 23

3.3 Seating Components 23

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3.4 Storage and Archieve Units 24

3.5 Work Desks 26

4 LITERATURE REVIEW and PREVIOUS RESEARCH 28

4.1 Structural Properties and Classification of Bureaus 28

4.1.1 Cell-type bureau 28

4.1.2 Open-plan type bureau 30

4.1.3 Free regular type bureau 34

4.1.4 Group regular type bureau 35

4.1.5 Mixed regular type bureau 36

4.2 The Fiction of Interior Design of a Bank 36

5 BANK BRANCHES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERIOR DESIGNS 38

5.1 Textile Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch) 38

5.2 Ing Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch) 38

5.3 Tekfen-Euro Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch) 38

5.4 Halk Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch) 38

6 CONCLUSION 40

REFERENCES 42

CURRICULUM VITEA 44

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APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONAIRE 45

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INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 City Bank, England, An example where all levels look one interior atrium. (Deilmann, 1997, 43) 11

Figure 2.2 Zions Bank, Spain, Corridor and Hall (Marmot, 2000, 82) 12

Figure 2.3 Ret Nat Bank, America, ElevatorHall (Marmot, 2000, 89) 13

Figure 2.4 Halk Bank. İzmir Branch, Boxoffice(Anonim, 2011) 15

Figure 2.5 Casa Central Bank, Venezuela,Meeting room (Marmot, 2000, 92) 17

Figure 3.1 Storage units of workstation group 25

Figure 3.2 The rail system of cabinet 25

Figure 4.1 An example for open-plan bureau 29

Figure 4.2 Cellular office and a schematic perspective asa group working spaces 30

Figure 4.3 Open office schematic perspective 31

Figure 4.4 Open office plan example 32

Figure 4.5 Created separate partitions for managers and chiefs, along with the classic open-plan office floor plan to organize a crosssectionof an office work space. (van Meel, 2000) England. 32

Figure 4.6 (A) An open office design of ‘Koleksiyon Company’, (B) Divider picture, (C) Open 33

Figure 4.7 Philips Turkey Management Office interior plan, (B)Interior Furniture Designs 33

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INDEX OF TABLES

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INDEX OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Symbols Explanations

C Cycle Time (min)

ESij Earliest starting time of the process

LSj Latest starting time of the process

SN Starting node of the process

EN Ending node of the process

t, tij, ti Time of the Process (min)

Abbreviations

ALB Assembly line balancing

CPM Critical path method

EC Equipped class

NP Name of process

LOB Line of balance

PPA Programmed process assemblage

PAP Proper assemblage of process

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Subject of the Thesis

The subject of thesis consists of the interior designs, interior design concepts and furniture designs of today’s banks. Space orgazinations and interior components wereresearched and reviewed. Interior separation systems were determined, glass divi-ders, demontable systems, movable partition systems were reviewed and application details were searched.

The furniture groups in banks,stable and movable furnitures, boxoffices, single and deuce workstation groups, information desks, numeratic systems, techno advertising systems in banks (lcd, led designs), advertising boards, brochure boxes and this furniture’s, materials were reviewed and their place in bank interiors were de-termined, their design principles were explored and details were examined.

Furniture designs and details for sustainable and flexiable interior designs were studied. Interior components like wall, ceiling, floor coverings and material choices were analyzed on place, lighting and climatic systems were researched.

Façade components, bank window boards and designs were reviewed. The new, technosystems that are used in banks were researched, internet kiosks, mobile banking systems and their space requirements were explored.

1.2 Aims and Problem Definition

The aim of this thesis is to exhibit future’s bank interior space and furniture designs and how should they be analyzed in view of existing and bank under construction.

Interior space organizations of banks, as office design, their design principles, open-plan or mixed regular bureau types, working and circulation areas, the contents of banks, furniture groups were all studied. The floor coverings that are used in bank interiors were researced through ergonomic and hygiene criteria.Interior components,

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wall and ceiling coverings, were worked through how they should be in banks branches.

Firstly bank interior space organization fictions, which spaces are required in banks were worked than bank furniture designs were analyzed. Bank furniture de-signs separated into two groups; the first group is furnitures designed for bank workers through ergonomics criteria. These are firstly open office part, workstations and box-office groups, than furnitures designed for back office room like back office workstations, document-cabinets,storage units, photocopy-fax furnitures, information and security desks, advertising boards, brochure boxes and separation systems that are used in open offices. The second furniture design group is for clients like waiting chairs, numeric systems and coaches. Through the thesis project, work done with 9 bank branches interiors and interviews were done with each of bank’s construction managers about interior design concepts. Their interior design criteria were researched, conceptual design in workings were analyzed, domestic and overseas examples were searched, under constant circumtances various design concepts of different brand bank branches were compared and common bank interior design topics were listed.

Various concept bank designs, interior space organizations, color combinations, furniture designs and material choices were analyzed at each bank.

Essential furniture modular systems were studied through flexible and sustainable interior bank designs. Air condination systems at bank interiors were studied under two topics.

First condition system is for cleaning and circulation of air inside for freshair like sucking and blowing culverts inside suspended ceiling. And the second one is for climization, heating and cooling sytems like wall and floor clima systems.

The lighting systems were researced and analyzed in bank branches. The separation designs and necessary divider details and materials searched for maximization the use of daylight inside of bank.Artificial lighting systems were analyzed and classificated under three topics; first for general interior lighting, spots and lights in suspended ceiling.Second one for open office workstation groups lighting systems, that is usually designed together with workstation groups. And the

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third one for box-office desks that is a very important furniture especially for bank designs, so they are designed together with box-office desks too.

Interior divider system details and designs, their material choises and heights of these furnitures were searched.

1.3 Context of the Thesis

This thesis content is based on bank branches interior designs, to investigate office interiors, workstations, box-office desks, and other necessary bank furnitures with ergonomics criteria. At the first part of this work; the history of banking output from the past and the history of the development of the banks surveyed. The bank concept was examined, analyzed, and the first bank designs in history examined and history requirements collected.Banks spatial organizations, were researched and collected.

Design of office spaces were examined in this direction, from past to present. Office designs were investigated. Closed-cell-type offices, open-plan office concepts and design of mixed regular offices were examined in bank branches,and which places should include which type design of office was investigated.

After research space organization, furniture groups that should be in banks analyzed. Office furniture today and current samples were collected and analyzed.

Office furniture research finished by collecting domestic and overseas timely furniture examples.Workstations, storage units, work and waiting chairs, conference and meeting tables were analyzed. New system designs for workstation groups especially wire storage system details were researched.

General interior color combinations and materials used in bank interiors, including furniture, flooring, wall and ceiling components are discussed.

Interior space divider systems and materials investigated. Glass splitters in office locations and details were analyzed. Mobile divider systems for workstations groups were searched. These mobile and modular systems are designed with a particular workstation units, increasing the possibilities of sustainable interior usage,

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assuming the main role of the bank interior concepts. Workstations and box-office desks are designed especially by modular systems to ensure designing at various sizes. By adding or decreasing numbers of this modular systems, bank concepts can be adapted different places. So modular workstation groups and box-office desks are main furnitures for flexible and sustainable bank interior designs.

Air condition, climatization and lighting systems were researched in bank branches. Ergonomics criteria that should be at offices, work units, however, that the meeting desks, ergonomic computer uses criterias were examined and collected.

Furnitures that make up the second part of the study, interior design of a bank, especially box office and workstation units were studied. The modüle systems, designed to create sustainable and flexiable interiors were examined. At the last section of this thesis work, after bank interior structures, technological designs, internet banking, mobile and on-line data about banking systems were collacted.Self-service banking systems, internet kiosks, digital systems have been added to work as the new trends.

1.4 Structure of the Thesis

The method of this thesis is based on, space organization analysis of existing bank branches, the current furniture analysis and surveys which were done by bank workers. As well as literature review of bank designs worldwide.

There are about 605 bank branches in İzmir. Thesis work examined some % 1,5 (9 bank branches) of this number. Interior space organizations were investigated and bank furnitures were analyzed.

Service spaces for bank workers like resting rooms, kitchens, wc, technical rooms and vault rooms, that are very important at banks, were searched. The interviews based on survey questions were done with bank employees and directors.Than existing interior plan sketches and typical furniture drawings were done, and photos were taken through thesis structure. Numeratic systems, interior components like wall, floor, ceiling coverings were studied at each bank. Lighting and climatization systems were analyzed.

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Under this topics, this thesis work was done at 9 different type brand bank branches. And interviews about design strategies were done with each bank’s construction director.

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2 HISTORY OF BANKS

2.1 Description of the Concept of Bank

‘The word ‘bank’ means; a place that gives and takes money with interest, makes credit, discount and foreign exchange transactions. Banks are places which stores valuable goods in their vaults and making economical movements. The word ‘bank’ comes to Turkish from Italian word of ‘banca’ which also means ‘money exchange office, money exchange place’.

‘Banks are foundations which make capital, monetary and commercial organizations engaged in credit transactions. Credit allocated to individuals and organizations is a universal bank, deposit accounts, protects, capital, makes all kinds of transactions related to money and credit. For example, a credit institution in Germany, by law (the laws of credit) is defined as an institution that performed the bank’s treatment, bank liquidity and capital needs, keeping in mind that accepts deposits, the fund collected and the sources of such parties (trade, industry and agriculture, building and repairing business, tradesmen and artisans) and the state (through government bonds and treasury bills) and short as a long-term credit transfers, a financial tool that aims at profit maximization. Banks can also be named as establishments. Banks are institues that founded by some capital, organized according to the objectives set, that provides income by meeting some services. In a short, banks are companies that ensures money and credits for economy (Savaşman, 1990, 12).’

Banks are institutions that ensure credit trading under trust policy. There always exsist economic units that have money and ready to borrow or for seeking money and credits in nations. But to ensure this trade (borrowing money or credits), a trust is needed between who borrows and who takes. The development of credible institutions of banks, some people do not use a period to be entitled to a credit against the bank to deposit their money in banks, banks have also started to borrow the money borrowers. Because the banks have the technical tools necessary to secure the loan. Importance of the economy, banks can be grouped under the following headings:

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-Banks serve to collect big funds by collecting small borrowable funds. By this, they ensure to meet governments and individuals credit needs.

-Banks help individuals and companies finding and borrowing credits and money. Follow the same course of monetary and credit needs of each economic unit. Thus increases the fluidity of the currency market.

-Banks help individuals hiding their money that they won’t use for a while. Those who claim credit, credit from the people that they have a better opportunity to measure the money collected in the form of deposits provide the most efficient use.

-Through the varying conditions of economics and technology, banks arealways in a hurry and continious change. Because of this, technical and economical develop-ments always opens new ways to banking (Aydın, 2006, 9).’’

2.1.1 Description of bank buildings

‘The Bank buildings can be defined as office and management jobs places and also they can be defined as a form of buildings, including the needs of the other volumes.

However, bank information data, image can be collected, analyzed, accumulated, stored work on, processed, manufactured and delivered to places can be defined as. Bank building, bank services, according to the nature of a planned office structure, although there is an office plan, with the important difference that distungishes itself. This is; money, bonds and other papers, such as jewelry or precious items that can be stored in banks. One bank for all to ensure such a function, not available in normal office buildings such as without vault. So the presence of a different order and program is required.

Likewise, typical schemes and bank buildings, a distinctive feature of other office buildings. In addition, depositors have to invest their money because there are places, suitable for the conversation of money,as is necessary to have safe places,the outside will feel the impact of services,a city,the function that can be the most appropriate locations(in different areas of the city’s main commercial and business centers) are made. The Bank buildings, as distinct from the centers and branch offices. Designs of the central bank, for which they are made larger than the program

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and organization itself is an independent office building. Bank branches in the organization because they have a much smaller,with usually a smaller office space by taking a specific part of the service can also ensure the function.However, the central bank and branches with the people, the common features, such as business people have always remained in contact with.

For this reason; merchants, industrialists, businessmen who trade with property relations, as well as a board community of depositors in the close relationship.’ (Kumar 2003, 24).

2.1.2 Function of banks

Banks, their deposits from a variety of ways, some of the people and institutions that allocate credit in the form of, capital, money and credit and any related financial intermediaries engaged in the process. The main goals for their business entities, is to make maximum profits. However, the nature of the activity in the meantime they give birth to significant consequences for the sake of public interest. Therefore, to maximize the public benefits of control are kept under special laws by the state. The most important functions of the funds collected, which results in the public interest are most productive areas of the national income and to contribute to a more rapid increase. These functions are performed in the presence of free primary system. Of the interest free loan to the states and selective methods of promoting the state attempts to achieve this result.

One of the important functions of the banking services through a variety of other economic activities contribute to the realization of a more efficient way. Banks are institutions based on trust, do not recognize each other and can not rely on anyone, but everyone recognizes the bank and the bank also recognizes everyone. In this way, many people know each other through the bank may enter into business relationships with confidence.

This is due to the characteristics are different from banks and other commercial establishments can be treated in a different state.

• Service Delivery

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• Lending

• Non-monetary Transactions (All Payment Transactions)

• The promotion of the Monetary Policy Transmission (Interest)

• Investment Operations (Securities)

• Economic Functions

2.2 Space Requirements of Bank Buildings

Bank buildings, the organization of space, the space needs of the process of arranging the most appropriate way. For optimal use of space, the attainment of the organization's individual requirements, the following basic principles should be taken place in the organization of the bank building.

* Roaming Areas

* Work Areas

* Areas of Social Need

* Service Departments

These programs need to create the building. In addition, information about personal needs are: Physical Features; measure related to the space associated with the comfort, etc. associated with the external environment. Structural characteristics, social and psychological characteristics and economic traits (Deilmann, 1997, 25).

2.2.1 Circulation areas

Input from almost every floor of the building within a building along the horizontal, the vertical to the running between floors of a circulatory system.

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2.2.2 Horizontal circulation areas

Horizontal circulation areas of the bank buildings, corridors and hallways.

a) Introduction and Enterance Hall

Banks enterance halls are as the first place in banks by customers are first faced in bank designs. Except to ensure coming and going out place they have a secondary mission like representing the bank. Especially at big bank buildings, enterance halls generally took an important role in terms of decoration, scale and materials that used in design (Bal, 2005, 11). Banks enterances and vestibules are also the spoilers of buildings. As seen in dwelling projects, spoilers ensure to block cold air coming outside to enter interiors. Bank enterances in comparison with dwellings are generally different, so their measurements and designs took a different concept. For getting the fit measurements, security place, information desk and cabinets take role in the desing. As some appilications, these places can be taken at enterance holes (Deilmann, 1997, 30).

Ground coverings generally choosen models are like abrasion resistant, attractive colored and patterned models. As example; colored marble and natural stone coverings are used at bank enterance halls for to give a strong visiul effect. Also this strong visiul effect continous at wall coverings like using marble and attractive stone coverings.

Ceilings are designed as decorative components of halls with artificial lightings and covering materials (Malhan, 1999, 103). The entrances of the bank interior and exterior doors, often arranged as a metal framed glass doors. Thus, the internal activities of the bank, would have been trying to feel it externally. Intended to be introduced between the inside and the outside structure of this transparency is a kind of commercial advertising services received. On the other hand, bank structures, giving the aspect of safety is also considered. Glazed doors to be secured outside of working hours so that, for example, metal grilles, blinds and similar forms of cover to mask the ways of the linear equation. This fence or veil-like elements,at working hours, are hiding by the slots in the wall or ceiling coverings.Movements for the bars, with hand pressure or with the electric motor can be used (Malhan, 1999, 102).

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Entrance halls at the same time be designed to allow easy human flux. Appropriate and proportionate to the size, the orientation of people to their destinations correctly and relaxed and comfortable environment to people waiting in the waiting hall, must be provided. Also, this type of material to be used in place of this magnificent and eye-catching, this space should be sure that a suitable material (Malhan, 1999, 109) (Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1 City Bank, England, An example where all levels look one interior atrium. (Deilmann, 1997, 43)

Architects’ studies through increasing daylight effect inside the building till 1970’s as designs with atrium solutions are very beneficial especially in energy usage. Except using maximum daylight, atrium planned designs also ensures, cultivating natural flowers and putting green areas interior. Especially at very cold temperatured conturies, atrium designed bank plans are working very efficiently (Deilmann, 1997, 43).

b) Corridors and Halls

Corridors are the most important areas in the banks that ensure horizontal circulation. Corridor, ensures vertical circulation of all interior also by including the elevators and stairs as core of the flat of the bank. While designing corridors, the number of person in usage every day and spaces (rooms) that open in this corridors

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must be considered (Bal, 2005, 21). For one door open corridor width must be about 90-100cm, if two doors next to each other, width must be about 130-140cm. and if two doors opens opposing, width must be about min.160cm. (Şener, 1995, 16) (Figure 2.2.).

Figure 2.2 Zions Bank, Spain, Corridor and Hall (Marmot, 2000, 82)

2.2.2.1 Vertical circulation areas

2.2.2.1.1 Heading 5

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Vertical circulation areas of the bank buildings, are staircases and elevators.

a) Stairs

Stairs must always be placed as to ensure income and outcome circulation perfectly. As accepting the stairs usage changes between 2-3 person at banks, the stair case width must be minumum 120cm. For staircases the other important point is the lighting system. Because the staircases are generally designed at the medium parts of

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the plans in cores, daylight usually can not reach at that part so artificial light will be necessary for stairs interior. At staircases and their landing platforms, a good artificial lighting design is required (Şener, 1995, 18).

b) Elevators

The cabin with machine which takes ‘people or loads’ horizantally or between oblique rails is called an elevator. Elevators are the most important elements that ensures the horizontal circulation. By the help of elevators high buildings can be desinged. And the points that we must consider while designing elevators in banks are; how many flats exist in bank and how many person will it hold. Unless calculating these an efficient elevator can be designed (Bal, 2005, 20). By calculating; the flat numbers of banks, squaremeters of each flat of banks, their placement of elevators in interior, effects the type of ele-vator, its hall squaremeter for passanger, and its numbers (Şener, 1995, 22) (Figure 2.3).

Figure 2.3 Ret Nat Bank, America, ElevatorHall (Marmot, 2000, 89)

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2.2.3 Work areas

2.2.3.1 The waiting hall

At bank buildings, contacts with customers, the services at the bank has taken action in the halls. In this respect, the bank processing halls, in bank buildings are the most important places. Because of the various bank services in groups, as well as, enough waiting areas for customers. Providing opportunities to 15 the reasons for these halls, as well as the volume of the largest banks, make up. On the other hand, bank waiting halls, the bank's reputation, as a place that represents the richness of the architecture of the bank, are made from representative concepts and carefully carry the property.

Halls of the bank transaction, the bank officials and customers of a bank allocates sequence. A box-office, as well as bank services, current accounts, bonds, foreign ex-change, officials and chiefs of services such as servants,are located by groups.

Servants are in the required number of locations, depending on the various services are arranged. Customers contact is done with related services, with the officer who placed at box-offices. Officials working at that places could benefit provided as a banker, bankers close to the office desks placed in the benefit.

2.2.3.1.1 Heading 5

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Officials working inward, followed by other officials of that service. And the chief of the service, their service is located in a place that can hold in custody (Figure 2.4).

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Figure 2.4 Halk Bank. İzmir Branch, Boxoffice(Anonim, 2011)

‘Related to the number of staff behind the counters and the depth of field will effect the way of bank halls. In this regard, the regulation of bank projects, sizing and design of halls for the bank transaction, number of staff is necessary. Reception desk, placed before the bank officers, just opposite to enterance that meet the needs of the customer who approached to the desk thus keep in order, the required dimensions for desk is a must (Uran, 1973, 85).’

‘Own table and chairs for other officers working behind the bank counters, printer, fax machine table is required. On the other hand that the execution of banking services and providing faster office equipment and machines and also a number of groups that came into service, which service is also necessary to know which tools will be needed. Service chiefs, the customers needed to do business with the speech, in front of the table is also usefull to have at least one or two seats. Manager of the bank behind officers in the area allocated, with the glass panels and arraged in a volume devoted to works according to the nature and time will be considered customers as well as places, copilot seats and furnitures are considered in necessary rooms. Assistants of the managers in complementary areas with desks that can hold their own services are selected to work in detention (Uran, 1973, 87).’

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‘They are connected to the rest of bank tellers services, reception locations are separated by a glass partition and doors. Teller in the scene of the officer's work in addition to a table and his chair, the money should be safe with cabinet or drawers. In cases where a local need more than one teller, and all of them located next to public service, connect to a teller is appropriate. Teller services, a few people around a table counting money is also expected for services, cashier's desks of the chief and other officers, such a table is also provided.Bank customers in addition to other treatment is divided into halls.In this area, as well as bank services, depending on the number and size of the future also depends on the number of customers and activities. The shortest way to the bank and the customer who asked to come to this hall with ease. Hole in the interest of customer service with easy to find, is allowed to see. Bench in front of the customer's business activity and at waiting area is necessary.In this regard, the customer halls, surrounded by empty fields, not only desks, writing desks and chairs in the seat or in the schemes, will be furnished places. Middle parts of the hall, such as writing desks, a wall along the hall can be arranged. Halls, lighting and ventilating issues are important topics for the banking operations. The hall is large and deep enough to obstacle to the elucidation of the factors in the light of day. Bank-treatment halls, will allow the light of day, where top-ups and layouts overridden with, in case there is no electricity and lighting are used in parallel. The best is the banking operations in the hallways of multi-storey office with a better light from above the light of day, with the possible treatment of the hall is placed on top of another layer. Electrical divices and lighting, work desks and other areas has been established for the adequate and necessary lighting intensity, and also organized a variety of decorative lamps are used. Thus, the functional elements of the halls are lighting up and plenty of decorative interior architecture becomes important.

Number of people working in hallways or in the processing rooms or in the halls of the normal office where is a lot more, the necessary attention must be paid to the ventilation of the halls. According to that, whether the natural ventilation of the treatment halls, are of two kinds. Although natural ventilation through windows can be available for the planning and preparation stages of detail, through the vents in the window, despite generally sufficient for small volumes, it is not enough to process large volumes, such as hallways. Also gives rise to number of drawbacks. The exercise by a majority of the bank transaction mechanical layouts ventilated hall ways.Ventilation installation, depending on the nature, fresh air introduced by the metal-air channels, as well as heated,can also cooled at the summer months.Summer

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air humidity is controlled, a specific humidity of the winter air, a mixture utilized (Air conditioning system).

The preparation of bank projects, with the largest bank feature buildings, lighting and ventilation in the subject, pre-term studies of architecture and civil engineering works occupy an important place. Hiding the air ducts, or a set of beams and other structural elements must be from within, as well as suspended ceilings made a number of reasons, even in cases, architectural studies, civil engineering works and other engineering work and make it necessary to work together (Uran, 1973, 89).’

2.2.3.2 Director and meeting rooms

‘At bank buildings, manager rooms are important spaces in terms of their representative and ruling role also as an office place. Because of managers are usually in contact with clients their rooms must be placed as justice and linked to enterance and operation halls. The dimensions of the manager room generally designed bigger than one person office room. Manager room must be designed, except a working place for manager, it is also a meeting place with clients so also meeting table also must be placed in that room. Sometimes for bank meetings an other meeting room can be arranged in the bank.’ (Figure 2.5).

Figure 2.5 Casa Central Bank, Venezuela,Meeting room (Marmot, 2000, 92)

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‘With the principal rooms of this kind of generality, as well as meeting rooms, both with the director's room, and both are linked to the outside. Meeting rooms sizes, if necessary, materials are more conscientious than the business offices, as well, based on door ways, such as the construction of the wall are important elements in a separate audio and special details are made accordingly (Uran, 1973, 92).’

‘These meeting rooms are generally placed near to manager rooms, and is linked with manager and interior. Their dimensions vary through necessarity and the materials used in construction is valuable that other office rooms. And like door and walls are important in terms of sound insulation and special details are applied in meeting rooms.(Uran, 1973, 92).’

2.2.3.3 Bank Vault Rooms

‘The function of bank vault rooms are; to protect and hide all valuable documents, money and gold very safetly. Vault rooms are work in two ways. One is designed for to protect and hide bank’s own documentary, and the second one is to hide and protect clients valuable documents, money, gold. etc. At the second phase, the vault rooms are rent for clients so many of the small vaults are called as rental vaults. While rental vault rooms are open to clients the first one, bank’s vault can be reached only by bank employees. Connection of rental vault rooms by clients are generally ensured by box-offices. For ensuring security rules more easily bank vaults are generally designed at basement floors. Designing bank vaults at basement floors also have static design, interior space organization and administration advantages.

Banks vault room is usually connect in box-office so the space organization must ensure this. Both of the vault rooms, there exists firstly a pre-vault service in terms of ensuring security and to block entering vault rooms without permission.

Vault rooms consist of a pre-enterance room and main vault room. Preenterance room is designed for bank employees for the opening of main vault occur by using keys differently by employee and client together at the same time. (Uran, 1973, 94).’

‘Vault rooms are generally designed with concrete walls of about 30cm. thickness and their celings must be as same thickness of concrete. It’s 30cm. thickness comes from to ensure security also to protect paper documentary and

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valuable things during a fire location. The measurements of vault rooms vary through the bank sizes and requirements of vault room. Generally round of vault rooms to ensure a void, a corridor circle must be designed.

Vault rooms need their control circle corridor around them. By putting mirrors at corners of corridors, it ensures seeing all circle around the vault room. The second point important is, putting a circle corridor around vault room, the same concept at celling must be ensured by designing a void between vault ceiling and main floor. Also vault rooms doors must be designed with steel or metal materials for security. The valve can be about 30cm. thick and the key of the vault must be uniq like noone can open it. For security rules except steel door a secondary steel cage door sytem must be designed interior of the vault. The steel doors must be taken into consideration while construction and application in terms of its weight that it will be very heavy.

Because vault rooms are very closed places, their ventilation systems are important. The mechanical ventilation systems are required. Also in terms of security problem mechanical canals must be designed with special details to protect someone entering into vault room. At vault rooms again in terms of security special details are provided for electrical solutions like fire alarming, secret photographing and digitally video watching systems are required near the vault rooms (Uran, 1973, 96-98)’.

2.2.3.4 Archives and storages

‘Bank buildings must have archives and storage rooms for service and also genaral archieve rooms. This functions are generally placed at basement floors which are needed for services documentarys. They are generally designed in order to ensure security not as much as vault but still must ensure security because of valuable papers and documents hidden in them. If there is not enough natural ventilation, artificial vent system must be arranged for them.’(Deilmann, 1997, 52).

2.2.4 Areas of social need

‘For bank employees, areas of social need, like kitchen or refrectory and resting places must be designed and considered in bank interiors. These areas are needed for

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also to ensure increasing work efficieny of the bank employees. The squaremeters of these areas are change through the banks squaremeter.’ (Deilmann, 1997, 55).

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3 DESCRIPTION OF ERGONOMICS

3.1 Description of Ergonomics

During the 18th and the 19th centuries, development of automation and industry has gained momentum with the increasing importance of ergonomics. Usually primarily ergonomics criteria is mentioned as F.W. Taylor. The second half of the 18th century, “Work Order” and the work of those who developed the concept with the work of a superior yield was applied. In their studies by suggesting some of the theories, they evaluated the technical aspects. Taylor did some studies on workers aspiration, their attitude toward work, their feelings and the work vehicles used for the experiments carried out in terms of compliance and work vehicles used for work eligibility. Also Taylor had provided employees with the use of these tools for business productivity, some who have studied and implemented.In addition, work by affecting the efficiency of social and psychological assessments, like, some worked in the fields of the business and pricing. Kind of work and practical work, especially for the weight of the wage for the worker's psychology, Taylor’s work should be measured and assessed their feelings. This is Taylor whose works as a researcher in ergonomics field as well known.

As the first scientific studies of ergonomics in 1913, were made by experts of psychology.Especially in the field of industrial psychology is a science of ergonomic. The first work in this area was, “Industrial Activities Psychology” study. In the first experimental studies in the field of ergonomics was done by Cambridge University, that was “Experimental Psychology Lab”. After the first world war in England, “Fatigue investigate the Board” with the creation of the “National Institute of Industrial Psychology” founded and launched the scientific work in the field of ergonomics.This field is used, especially after the second world war machinery, equipment, and weapons of lost human lives due to problems caused by work carried out on.

The word ergonomics is composed of Greek “Ergo” and “Nomos”. Ergo, meaning work and nomos which means rule of law. Ergonomics are referred at some countries with the names, Human Factors Engineering or Business Science.

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Today, because of increasing demand and diminishing natural resources and the technological production and production systems are used extensively, machinery used in these systems and the rise of mechanization and automation is going to speed acceleration.

“Ergonomics in the relationship between work environment and the employees who have emerged as a way of working. The purpose of eliminating various health problems of ergonomics, work and establish a solid relationship between labor productivity and are increasingly important in order to create a healthy working environment. “ Working environments and working in offices creates an important point in terms of personal importance to business efficiency. At this point, the effectiveness of ergonomics and health and work issues effect the appropriatesystems for the improvement and the elimination of forms. Employee’s situation and comfort at work,like the desk height, standard computer keyboard dimensions, office colors, noise and sound level, the width of the working environment, heat, ventilation and other elements are very important factors on the worker's attitude toward work. Increasing the height of the desk and the employee with the required standard, increasing the bending of the ground, avoiding the unnecessary elimination of this obligation is provided, a benefit to the employee's job performance and workers attitude towards work will be provided. In short, working environment and working for the harmonization of working ergonomics principles arranged regularly to align in that direction by eliminating the contribution of deficiencies in the ergonomists are called providers. Ergonomists workspaces, for employees, creates a wide range of workers to improve their working conditions. Most operating systems done correctly and for the establishment of the projects, contribute to the development of that mechanism.

To ensure the full implementation of ergonomics in the workplace important efficiency gains. This increase in productivity for workers and employees a safe work environment, employers in terms of more productive and more acts to ensure a profit. “The instrument makes the hand prides itself” as the proverb suggests, the employee's working environment is important for business and personal productivity.

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3.2 Computer Solutions

Typewriter, calculator, such as the traditional tools, from planning to implementation of the computers has left the location of each stage of the work done. In today's fast development of technology, particularly computer use has become widespread in the study area as well, including banks. Working with computers in order about the general features are as follows:

* The computer screen image quality is very important for eye health. Not fall below 2.6 mm.nin writing characters on the screen size, screen, and the image should not be dusty, or not vibration.

* Look away from the screen 500 to 700 mm.

* The top edge of the screen should be at eye level or slightly below, while people tend to throw back his head, or should not bend. This neck discomfort may be caused to bring long-term static load.

* In particular, such as data entry jobs that require a point to look at constantly, in order to minimize the movement of the head mounted display apparatus used to keep the document is created in terms of health ergonomic conditions, positively affect the performance (South, 2005, 52).

* At the end of an hour for 5-10 minutes, 15-20 minutes at the end of two hours of rest should be given, this time away from the screen, if possible, should be interpreted with a dynamic movement (Ozkan, 2002, 36).

3.3 Seating Components

People at work in offices, homes, recreation areas, transportation vehicles, and have sat in every opportunity they find. Seating surfaces, a condition that should be taken into consideration in the design of fittness for purpose. This kind of sets the standard seats, affordability, comfort and functionality, even in such simple rules, significant improvements can be achieved by the design of seating surfaces. Correlation between the chair and ergonomics, seating format. Sitting, from the individual's body posture on the position of chair (Özok, 1997, 46).

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* During the overview aspect of working with computer document the screen is constantly changing table of the triangle to the axis of the swivel seat, height adjustable arm rests and 5 wheel chairs should be secured against falling.

* Upright sitting, the spine provides about 25% less force coming and prevent many back problems. For this reason, the employee must be fit in the correct position.

* Must be easily adjusted while sitting in chair height and backrest, seat height and horizontal arms are stretched as little as possible, to reduce the pressure from the inner surface of the calf or foot must be enough to sit at the feet to the floor should be considered.The employee must be fit in the correct position.

* In general, seat height 38 cm for men, women are considered to be 35 cm. Seating surface is horizontal or vertical is disturbing. In fact, these surfaces begin to slip residents are relying on the backboard. Rely on a slippery surface, but not sitting back hips thrust forward, creates. Therefore, starting from behind the seat 3 or 5 degree slope heightened (Haslegrave, 2000, 35).

3.4 Storage and Archieve Units

For archiving and storage units should be in the forefront in the design or ergonomics factor.

* These units can be used without loss of time from the most important feature is accessible. In this, the human factor should be based on anthropometric measurements.

These are based on an arm's length, reaching up, and since the distance standing or seated reach distance.

* Other storage units, which seems to be one of the wheels have pedestals, pen holder inside, a specialized apparatus such as the fact that it is manufactured by using different depths of shelves, according to the person on account of the recently preferred in a flexiable storage units (Southern, 2005,77).

* The possibility of positioning the desk in the different areas, such as the employee's personal use of the apparatuses according to the same archive in different

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units can provide flexibility.

* File storage units in place, although the number still further decrease in earnings from continuing with the understanding and practice has also been described for use in new appilacations.

* Moving on the rails and panels system, is one of them. In order to occupy less space than the other one is a request to drop the elevator systems are used for long time store the storage units.

Figure 3.6 Storage units of workstation group

Figure 3.7 The rail system of cabinet

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3.5 Work Desks

Office work can be said as simply a table work at the beginning of the study.

* Working with sufficient movement for the legs and feet during the working surface area must be available and the reflection coefficient should be %30-50.

*The person must comply with a work desk as chair.

*Working desk; the proper height, must be large enough to obstruct the movement and the chair should be designed with the business. Chairs, tables, and a person should be treated as human machine system.

*Table top work table used in the active surface area.

*Often, the active surface area of the materials used in the front arm's length (25 cm), the materials used in the occasional arm distance from the active area (50 cm) should be placed (Özok, 1997, 53).

* Materials are used less frequently in the active work area should be placed outside the area.

* Surface area of active work places other than the use up of materials during the work, positively affects the blood circulation.

Height of Desks ‘Continuous height adjustment of different people to run the table is frequently asked question. Especially in cases where it should be taken before the work chair, the appropriate height of the chair must be decided by the height of the desk.

When sitting on a chair, table or work surface of the forearm must be at the same height and parallel to the floor, elbow should be between 90° -100°. If there is already a work desk and chair height remain seated table, chairs and the legs under the table deal with the increased height is placed on a stand. If a fixed height of 68cm. from the bottom edge of the desk, should be set is 64 -74 cm.

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Width-length of the table displays according to the person and must be of appropriate size. Actively used at the desk surface; an arm length of the width (depth), and two arm's length with the neck area is needed.

A desk should be large enough to cover this active field of study (Ozkan,2002, 58).’

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4 LITERATURE REVIEW and PREVIOUS RESEARCH

4.1 Structural Properties and Classification of Bureaus

In business organization, there exists three type bureau planning approach which can be used individually or collectively.

These types can be summarized as:

-Cell Type (Traditional office planning) Bureau

-Open-plan Type Bureau

-Free Regular Type Bureau (Emiroğlu, 1997)

Except these planning types there exists in-between types like ‘Group Regular Bureau’ and ‘Mixed Regular Bureau’.

The main difference between them can be seen at space approach by arranging planning elements like core, circulation elements, differently in interior. Business companies must evaluate their business type and organization scheme harmony, suitability and flexibility of working needs and response to personal necessities while choosing the bureau type.

4.1.1 Cell-type bureau

Cell-typed bureau space is the oldest type bureau system and its history goes back till middle ages. It’s a bureau planning type mostly used before 1950’s. Celltyped bureau spaces, the depth of space is generally limited at 5.5-6 meters in terms of their adhe-rence to daylight and developing of bureau is generally at one side. Cell-typed bureau space represents ‘rooms’ at different sizes. The sizes of rooms differ in terms of number of person inside, working organization and business hierarcy (Naghavi, 1995).

It’s a suitable bureau organization type for individual workings.

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At this constant corridor planned approach, two sides of main circulation corridor is surrounded by walls. Working rooms are separated from main circulation corridor by walls. This plan type solution, borders working area between corridor and façade (Figure 4.1 - 4.2).

Corridors can be arranged as, first sided or two, three sided. Core is generally placed at two endpoints of corridor (Deilmann, 1979). Cell-typed bureau space is used very common at all countries but works for business organizations and new technological possibilities required researches for different space solutions (Naghavi, 1995).

Figure 4.8 An example for open-plan bureau

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Figure 4.9 Cellular office and a schematic perspective asa group working spaces

4.1.2 Open-plan type bureau

By developing of communication tools and their usages, offices came into achange with their interior organization fictions. Offices, in terms of their interiorcommunication needs, began to be planned as open places by salvation from cell walls (Dökmeci, 1993).

At open-plan bureaus, as understood by its name, there are no existing strong divider systems like walls between people sharing the space. Office furnitures which

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are placed by a hard-lined geometry, ensure seperation systems of the space. The gap between workers of this type is completely open or divided by the help of short panels, cabinets and flowers to give a stronger interior space sense (Figure 4.3.).

Figure 4.10 Open office schematic perspective

Open office is not a system lack of walls, open office is a design type which brings easy communication and protecting privacy rules. Because working at bureau can be by one person or between groups, a strong relationship between workers can be ensured, the communication and information fluidity comes stronger and easier between employees and also space must be designed suitable for working. This can be ensured by creating different parts for chiefs and servants by easy moving panels designed at various sizes with various materials (Erentok, 1991) (Figure 4.4).

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An open-office can be designed in different types of multiple groups of workstations, storage units, rest and standby seats, with glass dividers, open to conference and meeting rooms, in one place (Figure 4.5).

Figure 4.11 Open office plan example

Figure 4.12 Created separate partitions for managers and chiefs, along with the classic open-plan office floor plan to organize a crosssectionof an office work space. (van Meel, 2000)

England.

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Through increasing popularity of open-office systems in working life, divider panel systems for employees individual areas that are needed, are developing.

However, with the most suitable environments for group work the divider panels can be used. Burotime’s according to the project or the location of the application in accordance with orders received from customers under the brand is completely done by Burotime’s 100% domestic production and design department, that produced by the divider panels, modular furniture production technology and in accordance with the logic of parser is used as dividers between groups of individuals.Mostly workstations, provide sound and heat insulation by the help of materials.

Button control from the outside with a double glass (divider-dash) which empowers the blind application of this product group, depending on thickness of 22 mm., 50 mm., 75 mm. in three varieties (Figure 4.6).

A B C

Figure 4.13 (A) An open office design of ‘Koleksiyon Company’, (B) Divider picture, (C) Open

A B

Figure 4.14 Philips Turkey Management Office interior plan, (B)Interior Furniture Designs

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Improve the quality of life for everyone' with the motto of lighting, creating health and care products Philips, WPI is a developing globale for a long time, 'Work-place Innovation' (Working in the field of innovation), fiction, at worldwide offices, in Turkey is carried out the first implementation of Philips Company.

'The study area, both inside and outside of brand value by supporting the most powerful way to provide communications' approach is developed by WPI as open,cooperative, flexibile, mobile, convenient, efficient & productivit and creative plat-forms that aims to increase interaction among employees.

Figure 4.8. Philips Turkey Management Office Interiors

4.1.3 Free regular type bureau

When entering 21.century, the cell-typed bureau and the open-plan typed bureau are combined under a third type bureau. This third type bureau is ‘Free Regular Bureau’.This new type keeps both cell-typed and open-office typed bureaus advantages within. This type is, a system which Schnelle Brothers developed in Germany Ouickborn at 1960. Quickborn team which is planning and

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management&business counselling company, brought a new planning mentality which changed traditional bureau organization systems deeply by their work under topics like bureau interior design, organization, documentary taking surveys and storeging systems (Gürer, 1997).

The ideas that formed ‘free regular typed bureau’ is developed by architectural design professionals. The ideas which brings a new method to bureau interior design is based on theories of work organizations and known as ‘Plannings and Organization Sybernelik’ in Germany. Quickborner team works on ‘work organization themes’ and approaches bureau planning from cybernetics.

This term which is used by the mathematician Norbert Wiener, is used in the sense of thinking and communication analysis that developed parallel to computers (Gottschalk, 1968).

4.1.4 Group regular type bureau

The Group regular bureau space is although basicly the smaller and divided part of the big whole bureau space also in applications, building forms leaves its place to a mobility which transfers interior organization to buildings exterior form.

By removing the partition walls of cell typed bureaus and by addingcorridors to space, a multi-personned cells can be ensured. At this type bureaus, at one level about 5-10 personned at least 2-3 parts are existing. And the depth of the space is regulated through daylight source, about 12-14 meters, and a direct passage is needed from core to working space. Because of the communication between and inside the departments are strong and group working is done, a mediumsized bureau space will be enough for this type.

One of the first examples for group bureau space which is completed at 1977 is the administration building of Ova Insurance Company in Manheim.

This place’s features can be summarized as follows; formed from 5-10 person capacity, the required space for 1-3 personed small work group is called ‘the basic space’ of the whole space. In terms of flexibility and economic circumtances, at least

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3 number of this basic spaces must be organized at each floor. And each work group must share circulation areas and daylight source equally (Naghavi, 1995)

4.1.5 Mixed regular type bureau

The ‘Mixed Regular Bureau’ is a combination of three basic bureau type which have been explanied above.

At projecting process, if one type is selected as basic design type, it can be wanted to change to an other type in termly or completely or it can be wanted to be organized as possible to add or remove some cell bureaus. Working space can be at a medium size or big. At this type, divider systems are reduced and some groups are arranged at same space. Individual, closed parts are also required in order to ensure functional and behavioral reasons. These are arranged as places that opens directly to big working spaces or arranged at different parts with corridors. Core is generally arranged by cell-typed bureau (Gürer, 1997).

4.2 The Fiction of Interior Design of a Bank

Structures and buildings gain identity by their forms which have orders and rules that indicates their architectural styles. By symetry, hard-lined geometric forms, degree and rate of closure and their space forming transmits messages. Also volumetric and qualitative space features that used in human head, professional hierarchy highlight the difference between individuals according to structure or the degree of concealment to show that it represents in terms of power and the importance of uncovering of a major symbol.

Branch planning and organizational structure shapes are formed by the bank’s own by-laws. At this forming process, building’s ownership status, units neighborhood orders, informations about space usage, factor of circulation and residential, open or closed space arrangements take an active role. By the help of these datas, balloon diagrams through the features and sizes of branch is created and scaled neighborhood diagrams are done. In consequence of these forms, plannings can be at different types.

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Interiors that designed and furnished with application, the order of title valus are indicated.

Because of each bank has its own management rules, space sharings are differ thro-ugh banks organization structures. Also banks have different organization structures through the services they gave. As an example, a bank can serve both by individual and corporate branch concept, it can give these at the same branch or can separate branches through their functions. The difference, which comes from depending on the type of service offered by the organizational structure of the branches, is reflected in the branch’s plan.

At banks that indivudal operating systems are dominant, servants and clienst are separated by a desk. Client is expected to make his process and wait opposite to desk. At space design study, rational space size and equipment researches are done through proper space function.

At bank buildings one of the desicions forming the plan order is the form of circulation areas. Through the dispertion of service areas, office and circulation areas different type of planning organizations can be created.

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5 BANK BRANCHES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERIOR DESIGNS

5.1 Textile Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch)

Textile bank Pasaport branch in Izmir is located across the main street. Adjacent region is dominated and branch has two façades; one front and one back with a long, norrow, rectangular formed working place. The main enterance façade is designed with glass panels as an only façade of the bank for to ensure increasing daylight usage interior, open-plan typed organized bank branch.

5.2 Ing Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch)

Ing bank Pasaport branch is dominated on the main street. In terms of adjacent region branch has two facades, front and back only. Branch has narrow, rectangular long working space. The enterance of branch is on main street façade.

5.3 Tekfen-Euro Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch)

Tekfen Euro bank Pasaport branch is on the main street and very close to Cumhuriyet square. Bank branch has two façades, front and side façade. Bank’s position is positive about reaching daylight. Duties of the employees, branch manager, assistant portfolio manager, is composed of sections, such as marketing director. On the suspended floor, there is 6 employees, all of them graduate university and one of them female others are man employees.

5.4 Halk Bank (Izmir Pasaport Branch)

Halk Bank Izmir Bornova branch consists of 3 levels; ground, basement and first floors. Ground floor consists of, an enterance part, 3 workstation groups for individual operations, box-office unit, waiting hall and back office. First floor consists of director, assistant rooms, meeting room and private clients operations part. Basement floor consists of; vault and for staff use only kitchen, wc and rest room.

Halk Bank Izmir Bornova branch’s general interior organization is; at ground floor there is a pre-enterance from street and just next to door there is an information

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and security desk. At both sides of enterance axes, waiting areas are placed. At right for 4 person and at left for 8 person, there is for 12 person waiting areas were designed. At right façade there is a staircase for reaching first floor.

Just opposite to enterance hall, box-office is placed and workstation units are placed both sides of box-office module. So ground floor space organization is designed as, an enterance axle, opposite to enterance a box-office unit and back office part, and right of axle placed an information desk, staircase and two workstation units (for individual operations), left of axle placed one workstation group. At back wall of box-office, an advertising board design is made. And back to box-office, there exists a back-office in which a staircase placed for connection to basement floor.

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6 CONCLUSION

Space Organization of a Bank:

Studies in bank branches as; poll, survey, detection of the existing interiorspace with furniture and components, and the results of the researches on the design of bank branches, determined how a bank branch should be.

Accordingly, the bank branch’s organization in terms of interior space should be designed as open office and mixed-office system.

First, a bank branch in terms of spatial organization and the interior settlements, if we consider a basement, ground floor and mezzanine (1st floor) for at least three layers as functions of spatial organization must be. This layers should be as follows;

On the ground floor, respectively, must be a spoiler in the introduction, only shopping mall the spoiler section can not be designed, one security and information counter, 1 or 2 pieces to be arranged on the floor in two separate counters and at least 1 or 2 pieces of box-office units must be arenged on ground and first floors, and at least 2 individual banking transactions with the waiting hall seats must be designed on ground floor.

Hidden behind the box-office counters, bank customers can not see the style, document operations are in progress, document cabinets and storage units, copier and fax equipment is located, designed in a back office department. (Back in the office section of the vault, according to instead of can). In addition, the Internet banking, tele-web and internet systems also should be added to the ground floor.

Basement Floor, which must be reached by staircase that placed a far point in interior as clients can not reach mostly placed at back office room for staff use only. At basement floor, vault room, technical rooms, archieve rooms, service rooms for staff use like kitchen, wc and restroom can be placed.

If bank branch does’t have a basement floor, these places must be arranged upper floors of bank or far and back part of interior in tems of privacy and not to be

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reached by clients. These concepts must be designed as mixed-use offices which open office part will be near to enterance that can be reached easily.

At first floor, rooms for director, director assistant, meeting room can be placed. First floor can be arrenged as mixed used office and open office parts can be arranged with workstation groups for individual banking operations. In terms of squaremeters of branch, a secondary box-office can be placed at first floor.

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REFERENCES

Çete, N., 2004, Associating Office Interior Spaces with Working Environment to Increase Productivity, Master Thessis, Yıldız Technical Univercity, Science Institute.

Yetiz, A., 2009, Ergonomics Study of Factors Affecting the Design of Office Furniture and Office Furnitures , Master Thessis, Çukurova Univercity, Social Sciences Institute , Interior Design Home Art Department.

Pearson, L., 2009, ‘Office interiors that increasing creativity, Office Furnitures.’XXI Architecture, Design, Space Journal, No 88

Ergonomic Recommendations For Work At Workstations, 2002, Ergonomic Design, from http://www.ergonomicsolutions.com/product. (2009)

Chiara J., Panero J., and Zelnik M., 2001, Time Saver Standarts For Interior Design, Newyork, International Editions.

Kaya, I., 2006, About Corporate Identity and Design Concept of Bank Branches. Master Thesis, Marmara University, Fine Arts Enstitute, Interior Design Department.

Kaya, S., 2003, International Banking , Ankara , Nobel Publications.

Yılmazer, G., 2010, Investigating the Ergonomic Criteria that effects Workstations Designs at Office Interiors, Master Thessis, Haliç University, Science Institute, The main Science Branch of the Internal Architecture.

Aydın, N., 2006, Banking Applications, Eskişehir Anatolian University Publications.

Panero, Julius, Zelnik, Martin, 1979, Human Dimension & Interior Space.

Bolay, C., H., 1991, The History Of Turkish Banking, Bankers Magazine, Istanbul, No: 5

Tezuysal, D., 2011, Commutable Office and Open Office System, XX1, Architecture, Design, Space Journal, No: 97.

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REFERENCES (continue)

Yalım, E., Design Studio, 2010, Offices of Autonomous, Office Furniture, XX1 Architecture, Design, Space Journal, No: 97

Sarıyer, A., 2010, ‘Individual Storage – Storage Units’ XXI Architecture, Design, Space Journal, No: 97

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CURRICULUM VITEA

Write a short cv here.

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APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONAIRE

Bank Branch Designs – Business Efficiency Survey:

Part.1 Individual Questions

1.1. Survey Respondent’s Name and Surname

1.2. Bank Branch’s Name

1.3. Gender: Male:… Female: …

1.4. Age:…

1.5. Mission at Bank: …

1.6. Working duration 0-1 year 1-5 year 5-10 year 10+ year

1.7. Education: University degree:.. Master degree:… Doctor’s degree:…

Part.2 Working and Interior Space Questions

2.1. Office Working Order

A. Individual Offices B. Collective Working Place C. Mixed Working Place

2.2. What is the percentages?

2.3. How much squaremeters is your working space?

2.4. What is your working space’s –Color?

Wall covering:… -Floor Covering:… -Lighting system:…

2.5. How may people are working in this space?

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Part.3 What is your individual resources?

a) Workstation b) Computer c) Internet d) Phone

Part.4. Your criticism about interior space

Part.5. Your proposals about interior space

(Survey study could be done only four of the Bank branches which are under thesis study component in terms of permition problem.)

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