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8/3/2019 Chris Gross
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chris-gross 1/25
Eskom Develops UCGEskom Develops UCG
Technology ProjectTechnology Project
Chris GrossChris GrossMark Van der Riet
21st
June 2007Houston, USA
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SOUTH AFRICAN COAL
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Gas turbine
0.04%
Nuclear
5.10%Pumped storage
1.30%
Hydro
0.52%
Coal
93.05%
Eskom Generated Electricity
2006 : 221216 GWh Net
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E s k o m
U C G
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ESKOM UNDERGROUND COAL
GASIFICATION PILOT PROJECT
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Rationale for Eskom’s stakeholding
• Opens an opportunity for more rapid deployment ofnew capacity
• Showcases a cleaner coal technology plant• Introduces potential CDM credits
• Allows more efficienct utilisation of coal resources
• Creates a potential for a new petrochemical entity• Extends RSA coal reserves, by opening up presently
“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability that at present.
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Existing plant – age
Eskom's Installed profile
WilgeTaaibos Salt RiverHighveld
KomatiIngagane
CamdenGrootvlei
Hendrina
Arnot
HF Verwoerd
Kriel
Acacia
Port Rex
Vanderkloof
Matla
Duvha
Drakensberg
Koeberg
Tutuka
Lethabo
Matimba
Palmiet
Kendal
Majuba 1-3Zesco
Cahora Bassa
Camden
Majuba 4-6Komati
Grootvlei
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Year
M e g a w a t t I n s
t a l l e d
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Dashed line = Approved peak demand + 20% Reserve Margin
Now
Most stations at mid life refurbishment point.
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Long-term energy forecast
Capacity outlook 2005 to 2024
Build base-load plants
Build open cycle gas turbine plants (peaking)
Build pumped storage plants (peaking)
Return to service (mothballed plants)
Existing system (Eskom and non-Eskom)
Total capacity required to maintain 15% net reserve marginon moderate forecast
Moderate peak demand after demand-side management
Forecast moderate national peak demand before demandside management
Total imports (firm capacity from Cahora Bassa)
Maximum demand Based on a 6% GDP growth, a high 4,4%growth scenario in demand for electricity before demand-sidemanagement
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Rationale for Eskom’s stakeholding
• Opens an opportunity for more rapid deployment ofnew capacity
• Showcases a cleaner coal technology plant• Introduces potential CDM credits
• Allows more efficienct utilisation of coal resources
• Creates a potential for a new petrochemical entity• Extends RSA coal reserves, by opening up presently
“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability that at present.
8/3/2019 Chris Gross
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UCG-IGCC Comparative Emissions
Ref : Australian ACARP LCA study, Case Study B20, June 2002
The only cleaner coal-based technology is the proposed ultra-supercritical PF
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Conv PF Super PF Conv IGCC UCG-IGCC Nat Gas CC
C O
2 k g / M W h n e t
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
N O x / S O x / P
a r t i c u l a t e s k g / M
W h n e t
CO2 NOx SOx Particulates
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Rationale for Eskom’s stakeholding
• Opens an opportunity for more rapid deployment ofnew capacity
• Showcases a cleaner coal technology plant• Introduces potential CDM credits
• Allows more efficienct utilisation of coal resources
• Creates a potential for a new petrochemical entity• Extends RSA coal reserves, by opening up presently
“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability that at present.
8/3/2019 Chris Gross
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Resource Utilisation Efficiency
Mining Efficiency
0% 100%
ThermalEfficiency
33New Ultra-supercritical or Conventional IGCC with Longwall U/G Mine
33% of coal resource utilised
Mining Efficiency
0% 100%95
Chemical Efficiency
71
Thermal Efficiency
36
UCG-IGCC
36% of coal resource utilised
66
0% 100%5025
CCGT with CBM
0.5% of resource utilised
13
ThermalEfficiency Extraction
Efficiency
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Rationale for Eskom’s stakeholding
• Opens an opportunity for more rapid deployment ofnew capacity
• Showcases a cleaner coal technology plant• Introduces potential CDM credits
• Allows more efficienct utilisation of coal resources
• Creates a potential for a new petrochemical entity• Extends RSA coal reserves, by opening up presently
“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability that at present.
8/3/2019 Chris Gross
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Rationale for Eskom’s stakeholding
• Opens an opportunity for more rapid deployment ofnew capacity
• Showcases a cleaner coal technology plant• Introduces potential CDM credits
• Allows more efficienct utilisation of coal resources
• Creates a potential for a new petrochemical entity• Extends RSA coal reserves, by opening up presently
“unminable” resources, which have a broadergeographic availability than at present.
8/3/2019 Chris Gross
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• UCG technology potential noted - April 2001• Ergo Exergy Technologies Inc. (Canada) contracted in• Scoping study - Nov 2002, highlighted potential at Majuba
colliery• Pre-feasibility study - Dec 2003, confirmed Majuba
potential• Detailed site characterisation study - July 2005, confirmed
the potential
• 20th January 2007 – Eskom commissioned a 3000 Nm3 /hpilot plant on Majuba coalfield
• 31st May 2007 – first electricity generated from UCG gas
at Majuba
Eskom’s UCG Routemap
Events since Zeus UCG Workshop 2006
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Eskom UCG Research Site
Production Area
Inner Water Sampling Zone
Outer Water Sampling Zone
Directional Hole
Research Zone
N
Production Area
Inner Water Sampling Zone
Outer Water Sampling Zone
Directional Hole
Research Zone
N
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Majuba UCG flare – 20 Jan 2007
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100 kWe generator starting up on UCG gas
• The first electricity fromMajuba UCG gas wasgenerated at 15:00 on 31st
May 2007. This marks the firstnew electricity generation fromUCG gas since 1958, inAngren, Uzbekistan.
• The 100 kWe diesel enginegenerator has been convertedto run on a maximum of 80%UCG gas, with 20% diesel.
The diesel is required tolubricate the engine internals.
Majuba UCG electricity – 31 May 2007
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• Geological setting – dolorites & schedule impact
• Insufficient geological & hydrogeological exploration
data• Unique products, due to unique coal and geological
setting
•
Equipment leadtimes• Cost escalation & time creep
• Lengthly analytical service setup
•
Surface plant technical difficulties and maintenance• Energy efficiency (specifically diesel)
UCG Pilot Plant Challenges
NOTE : The UCG process has remained robust throughout
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• Accelerating process development• Optimising the pilot plant operations• Developing co-firing with coal into Majuba Power
Station boilers• Skills development & technology transfer• Optimising, planning, detailed engineering & costing
of the next phases• Research into challenges :
• Dolorites & drilling problems• Coal seam drying• Well linkage• Environmental impacts• Heat & mass balances• Materials
Present UCG Activities
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Dolorite Intrusions
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ESKOM UNDERGROUND COALGASIFICATION COMMERCIALISATION
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Eskom UCG Development Path
Phase 1B70,000 Nm3/h28 MWe cofire
Phase 2125,000 Nm3/h25 MWe cofire
Phase 1A-13,000 Nm3/h6 MWth flare
Phase 4630,000 Nm3/h350 MWe IGCC
Phase 3625,000 Nm3/h250 MWe cofire
Commercial3,700,000 Nm3/h2100 MWe IGCC
EIA
Engineering & Investment Procurement
Construction
Timescale 01/2007 05/2008 12/2008 12/2010 08/2011
RD&D
Comm
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Co-firing & 350 MW UCG-CCGT
Compressor Plant450 000 Nm3/h Air
Majuba P/S
350 MWe IGCC
UCG Module125,000 Nm3/h Gas
UCG Module125,000 Nm3/h Gas
UCG Module125,000 Nm3/h Gas
UCG Module125,000 Nm3/h Gas
UCG Module125,000 Nm3/h Gas
Gas TreatmentPlant & Flare
630,000 Nm3/h Gas
GasCompressors
2 x 315 000 Nm3/hGas
Final GasTreatment - GT
630,000 Nm3/h Gas
Fuel Solution
Capacity Solution
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Thank You & Acknowledgements
• Eskom Resources & Strategy - ERID• Eskom Generation - Primary Energy & Technology• Majuba Power Station• UCG Team
• EON Consulting Servies• Ergo Exergy Inc.• Specialist consultants