Christine Ortiz, Associate ProfessorDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MIT-DMSE, Assistant Professor (1999-2004)MIT-DMSE, Associate Professor without Tenure (2004-2006)MIT-DMSE, Associate Professor with Tenure (2006-present)

CAREER DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE :Prof. Yet-Ming Chiang

Prof. Michael CimaProf. Bernie Wuensch

May, 2009

RESEARCH PROGRAM OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ

Multiscale Approach:single molecules →biomimetic assemblies → matrix of single cells → in-tact tissue

Musculoskeletal (internal to the body)(e.g. cartilage, bone, etc.)

Exoskeletal (external to the body)(e.g. gastropod molluscs, armored fish, etc.)

Engineering motivation:

-Bio-inspiration and guidance for improved materials for

protective and structural

applications

Medical motivation:-to facilitate the

development of improved clinical treatments for

disease & injury through tissue repair and/or

replacement→ regenerative medicine /

tissue engineering

-nanoscale forces and displacements (F, ), constitutive laws ()-local, spatially-specific material properties (E, Y, H, energy dissipation, etc.)

-molecular-level structure-property relationships-novel mechanical phenomena (e.g. nanogranular friction, fracture localization, etc.)

Objective :A Fundamental, Mechanistic-Based Understanding of

Tissue Function, Quality, and Pathology

NANOMECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

SELECTED RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS

(MUSCULOSKELETAL)

● Prior to tenure: established the use ofnanomechanics in near-physiological conditionsapplied to healthy musculoskeletal tissues

● Post-tenure: application of nanomechanics to thefield of tissue engineering; temporal evolution of thequasistatic mechanical properties (Ng+ J. Biomech.2007) and dynamic visco(poro)elasticity (Lee+Trans. ORS 2008) of the tissue engineered cartilagematrix associated with individual cells

● Assessment of engineered tissue quality and

heterogeneity locally at unprecedented resolutions as a function of cell type, scaffold, growth factors, etc.

● Relevance to mechanotransduction

COLLABORATORS● A.J. Grodzinsky (MIT-BE), S. Chubinskaya (Rush

U.), Anna Plaas (Rush U.), John Sandy (Rush U.), Peter Roughley (Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Canada )

RESEARCH PROGRAM OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ NANOMECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

viscoelasticity + poroelasticity

(Buschmann+)

10 µm

2

,fluid

p v

v p

L

Hk

chondrocyte, stem cell

AFM colloidal tipmatrix

RESEARCH PROGRAM OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ NANOMECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

0

90

180

270

360

450

0 35 70 105 140Penetration Depth (nm)

Fo

rce

(µ

N)

BerkovichExperimentalφ = 15º, c = 100 MPa

FEA=15º, c =100 MPa

Mineralized Collagen Fibril

Mineral Particles

Cohesive Bonding

Frictional Contact

Mineralized Collagen Fibril

Mineral Particles

Cohesive Bonding

Frictional Contact

SELECTED RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS

(MUSCULOSKELETAL)

● Prior to tenure: established the experimental and theoretical methods for high resolution imaging and nanomechanics of bone

● Post-tenure Postulated a new theory for the strength on bone involving "nanogranular friction" (Tai+ Nano Lett., 2006, featured in Nat. Nanotech. News and Views, 2006, commentary; J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg. 2007); discovered a new energy dissipation mechanism in mineralized biological tissues; nanoscale heterogeneity (Tai+ Nat. Mater. 2007)→assessed nanoscale properties of stem cell-based tissue engineered bone (Tai+ J. Biomech., Pelled+ Tiss. Eng. 2008).

● Understanding the mechanisms that prevent our

bones from fracturing under physiological loading will aid in the treatment of problems that result from old age, disease, and injury.

COLLABORATORS● F. Ulm (MIT-CEE), S. Suresh (MIT-DMSE), D.

Gazit (Hebrew U.)

RESEARCH PROGRAM OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ NANOMECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

penetration ontop of fish scale

Ganoine

Dentin

Isopedine

Bone 10 μm

cross section of fish scale

SELECTED RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS

(EXOSKELETAL)

● Prior to tenure: established an experimental and theoretical framework for studies of mineralized biological materials at the nanoscale, using nacre as a model system

● Post-tenure Determined multilayered design (i.e. thickness, sequence, and material properties of individual layers) of a natural armor which facilitate circumferential fracture and prevent interfacial delamination under a penetrating load (bite from predator) in order to localize impact and prevent catastrophic failure (Bruet+ Nat. Mater. Cover 2008)

● Bio-inspiration and guidance for improved

materials for protective and structural applications (Ortiz+ Science 2008)

COLLABORATORS● M.C. Boyce (MIT – MechE)

SELECTED RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS(EXOSKELETAL)

● Defense Science Study Group (DSSG) 2008-2009● Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering

Faculty Fellows (468 white papers resulted in 17 semifinalists being invited to submit full proposals and in person interviews → 10 awardees selected)→ $4.6M total

● MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Member, 2002-present)● Raytheon, Inc.

RESEARCH PROGRAM OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ NANOMECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

l1

l2

l3

l4

()1(CTE)1

durable functionally graded interphases − mitigates delamination

multilayered design (layer thickness, sequence) − penetration resistance, minimizes back-deformation into soft tissue, prevents catastrophic fracture (self-healing),

thermal management, weight reduction

interlocking articulation at reinforced joints

anisotropic constitutive models of individual layers − local stress

distributions

curved geometry (shape / size) of individual armor units – energy absorption, ergonomics

Rt

li

tissue finite viscoelastic deformation

(damage tolerance)

1

2

3

,E H

z z

, , , = ,

, , , ,1 2 3, 13 23, 12 12 32 31

Y,1 Y,2 Y,3 Y,3 Y,13 Y,23 Y,12

E = E E G = G G

z

anisotropic spatial arrangement of armor

units – cooperative deformation of entire

body

biomechanical flexibility

MOBILITY PROTECTION

()tgeometry and mechanical

properties of threat (e.g. penetrating indenter)

Ru

()2(CTE)2

()3(CTE)3

()4(CTE)4

unique organic-inorganic nanocomposite morphologies (e.g. fibrous, prismatic, nacreous etc.) - energy

dissipation

camouflage pigmentation

back deflection

TOTAL (COMPLETED)

Bachelors 10 (10) UROPS 37 (35) Master's, Supervisor 3 (3) Master's, Reader 3 (3) Doctoral, Supervisor 20 (12) Doctoral, Reader 14 (14) Postdoc 6 (3)

THESIS SUPERVISED BY CHRISTINE ORTIZ

Supervised a Total of 60 Students

SELECTED ORTIZ GROUP ALUMNIR&D● Monica Rixman (Provex Technologies, Dexcom Technology for Diabetes) ● Laurel Ng (Titan Corporation)● Jae Choi (MIT Center for Cancer Research)● Jennifer Vandiver (Alkermes)● Dong Zhang (Heraeus, Inc.)● Miao Ye ( Proctor & Gamble)

Intellectual Property● Kuangshin Tai (Wolf, Greenfield, and Sacks Intellectual Property Law Firm)

Financial

● Lin Han (Aristeia Capital)

Tenure-Track Faculty● Joonil Seog (University of Maryland College Park, Materials Science and Bioengineering)● Delphine Dean (Bioengineering Dept.,Clemson University, NC)● Kristin Domike (College of Wooster, OH)● Hang Qi (University of Colorado)● Mariselma Ferreira (Universidade Federal do ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil)

Graduate School: (UROPs, B.S. Thesis)● Rafael Bras (Northwestern), Lauren Frick (MIT-BE), Shikha Gupta (Berkeley), Patty Chen(Whitaker College Health Sciences and Technology), George Gluck (NYU Medical School),Elissa Robbins (Yale), Krista Niece (Northwestern), etc.

1. Dean, D., Han, L., Grodzinsky, A. J. and C. Ortiz, “Compressive Nanomechanics of Opposing Aggrecan Macromolecules,” Journal of Biomechanics 39(14), 2555-2565, 2006. **

2. Vandiver, J., Dean, D., Patel, N., Botelho, C., Best, S., Santos, J. D., Lopes, M. A., Bonfield, W. and C. Ortiz, “Silicon Addition to Hydroxyapatite Increases Nanoscale Electrostatic, Van der Waals, and Adhesive Interactions,” Journal of Biomedical Research Research A 78A(2), 352-363, 2006. **

3. Qi, J.H., Ortiz, C. and M. C. Boyce, “Mechanics of Biomacromolecular Networks Containing Folded Domains,” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 128(4), 509-518, 2006. **

4. Oyen, M.L., Bushby, A.J., Mann, A. and C. Ortiz, “Mechanics of Biological and Biomimetic Materials at Small Length Scales,” Journal of Material Research 21(8), 1869-1870, 2006. **

** OUTGROWTH OF STUDENT SUPERVISED RESEARCH

PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZSINCE TENURE (16)

5. Tai, K.; Ulm, F.J. and C. Ortiz, “Nanogranular Origins of the Strength of Bone,” Nano Letters 6(11), 2520-2525, 2006 (Featured in: J. Thomas, “Biomaterials: Close to the Bone,” Nature Nanotechnology News and Views 1(2), 99, 2006. Commentary in: D. Fyhrie, “Rocks in a Bag,” Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 14(4), 257, 2007). **

PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZSINCE TENURE (16)

** OUTGROWTH OF STUDENT SUPERVISED RESEARCH

** OUTGROWTH OF STUDENT SUPERVISED RESEARCH

PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZSINCE TENURE (16)

6. Pelled, G., Tai, K., Sheyn, D., Zilberman, Y., Kumbar, S., Nair, L. S., Laurencin, C. T., Gazit, D. and C. Ortiz, “Structural and Nanoindentation Studies of Stem Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Bone,” Journal of Biomechanics 40(2), 399-411, 2007. **

7. Han, L., Dean, D., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky, “Lateral Nanomechanics of Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules,” Biophysical Journal 92(4), 1384-1398, 2007. **

8. Ng, L., Hung, H, Sprunt, A., Chubinskaya, S., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky, “Nanomechanical Properties of Individual Chondrocytes and Their Developing Growth Factor-Stimulated Pericellular Matrix,” Journal of Biomechanics 40(5), 1011-1023, 2007. **

9. Tai, K., Dao, M., Palazoglu, A., Suresh, S. and C. Ortiz. “Nanoscale Heterogeneity Promotes Energy Dissipation in Bone,” Nature Materials 6(6), 454-462, 2007. **

10. Han, L., Dean, D., Mao, P., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky, “Nanoscale Shear Deformation Mechanisms of Opposing Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules,” Biophysical Journal 93(5), L23-L25, 2007. **

11. Ulm, F.-J., Vandamme, M., Bobko, C., Ortega, J. A., Tai, K. and C. Ortiz, “Statistical Indentation Techniques for Hydrated Nanocomposites: Concrete, Bone and Shale,” Invited review article, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90(9), 2677-2692, 2007. **

** OUTGROWTH OF STUDENT SUPERVISED RESEARCH

PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZSINCE TENURE (16)

12. Arslan, M., Boyce, M.C, Qi, H. J. and C. Ortiz, “Constitutive Modeling of the Stress-Stretch Behavior of Two-Dimensional Triangulated Macromolecular Networks Containing Folded Domains,” Journal of Applied Mechanics 75(1), 011020, 2008. **

13. Ortiz, C. and M. C. Boyce, “Bioinspired Structural Materials,” Science 319(5866), 1053-1054, 2008.

14. Tai, K., Pelled, G., Sheyn, D., Bershteyn, A., Han, L., Kallai, I., Zilberman, Y., Ortiz, C. and D. Gazit, “Nanobiomechanics of Repair Bone Regenerated by Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” Tissue Engineering : Part A 14(10), 1709-1720, 2008. **

15. Han, L., Dean, D., Daher, L. A., Grodzinsky, A. J. and C. Ortiz, “Cartilage Aggrecan Can Undergo Self-Adhesion,” Biophysical Journal 95(10), 4862-4870, 2008. **

PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZSINCE TENURE (16)

** OUTGROWTH OF STUDENT SUPERVISED RESEARCH

16. Bruet, B. J. F.; Song, J.; Boyce, M. C.; Ortiz, C., “Materials design principles of ancient fish armor,” Nature Materials, 7(9), 748-756, 2008 (Cover of Issue) (Featured in: “Fishing for Compliance,” commentary by K.D. Jandt, Nature Materials, 7(9), 692-693, 2008). **

PUBLICATIONS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ

YEAR Refereed

Journal Articles

Book Chapter (Refereed)

Refereed Conf. Proceedings

Other Major Pubs

PRE-TENURE 1999-July 2006

19 1 21 5

POST-TENURE July 2006-present TOTAL AT MIT

16 35

0 1

13 34

1 6

Total number of peer-reviewed publications while at MIT (70)Post – Tenure (29)

PUBLICATIONS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ BREAKDOWN BY JOURNAL (20 Different Journals)

● Biomaterials (1)● Biophysical Journal (3)● Journal of Applied Mechanics (1)● Journal of the American Ceramic Society (1)● Journal of Biomechanics (5)● Journal of Biomedical Research A (1)● Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology (1)● Journal of Materials Research (2)● Journal of Materials Science : Materials in Medicine (1)● Journal of Structural Biology (Cover) (1)● Key Engineering Materials (1)● Langmuir (4)● Macromolecular Symposia (1)● Macromolecules (6)● Nano Letters (1)● Nature Materials (2)● Physical Review Letters (1)● Soft Matter (1)● Science (1)● Tissue Engineering (1)

● Conference Proceedings : ORS Transactions, MRS Proceedings, ACS Polymer Preprints (25)

Post-Tenure In Blue Text

SELECTED RECENT RESEARCH INVITED TALKS OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ (SINCE TENURE)

● August 2006, Gordon Research Conference on Biomineralization, New London, NH.● December 2006, , August 2007, January 2008, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate of the Army Research Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.● March 2007, The American Physical Society March Meeting, Denver, CO.● December 2007, Dow Distinguished Lecture, UCSB● January 2008, Yale University, New Haven, CT● January 2008, 2008 Annual International symposium "Frontiers of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology: Integration and Invention," Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, NY.● February 2008, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, The Shraga Dirnfeld Lecture, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Haifa, Israel.● March 2008, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.● March 2008, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.● November 2008, Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, MA.● January 2009, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Boston, MA.● March 2009, Institute for Defense Analysis, Washington, DC.

~100 invited lectures, >20 international in 12 countries, 8 different Gordon Research Conferences since coming to MIT

RECENT HONORS (SINCE TENURE) OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ

The Dow Distinguished Lecturer, 2007University of California, Santa Barbara

Lady Davis Fellow, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel) 2008

Hebrew University – Hadassah Appreciation Medal 2008(Jerusalem, Israel)

The Shraga Dirnfeld Lecture, Technion - Israel Institute of 2008Technology (Haifa, Israel)

Defense Science Study Group 2008-2009Study Group (DSSG)

National Security Science and Engineering Faculty 2008-2013Fellow (NSSEFF)

Martin Luther King, Jr. Leadership Award, MIT 2009

RESEARCH CONTRACTS & GRANTS FOR CHRISTINE ORTIZ *only for C. Ortiz (excluding other PIs/co-PIs)

YR SOURCE TOTAL AMOUNT

2000-2004 Dupont-MIT Alliance $150,000 2001-2007 NSF-CAREER-PECASE $411,000 2001-2004 Cambridge-MIT Institute $288,851 2001-2002 General Electric $3,270 2001-2002 3M Innovation Grant $50,000 2002-pres. MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies $972,477 2004-pres. 2006 2007-2011 2007-pres. 2008-pres. 2008-2011 2009-2014 2009

NSF-NIRT POST-TENURE MIT-France Seed Grant Center for Mat. Science/Engineering IRG (IRG Team Leader) Raytheon MIT Italy Seed Grant/Doctoral Fellowship NSF – CMMI Department of Defense – Naval Postgraduate School MISTI Global Seed Fund

$360,000 $10,000 $398,333 $125,000 $16,500 $150,000 $4,587,800 $30,000

TOTAL GUARANTEED PROJECTED FUNDING ~$7.62M ($5.3M after tenure)

MISTI – Israel ($1.72M)

TEACHING EVALUATION DATA FOR CHRISTINE ORTIZ (SINCE TENURE)

ST06 3.052 5 5 CEG 7.0 6.3

FT06(co-taught)

3.032 35 26 CEG 6.3 5.6

FT06(co-taught)

3.034 37 28 CEG 6.2 5.3

ST07 3.052 34 29 CEG 6.4 5.7

AVERAGE(SINCE TENURE)

6.4 5.7

Instructors Evaluation

Sabbatical 2008

CourseEvaluation

CURRENT MIT SERVICE OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ COMMITTEE START END

Founding Faculty Director, MISTI-Israel (Institute)

2006

PRESENT

Diversity Initiative (Reporting to Provost/President,

Institute)

Chair, MIT Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Departmental Committee on Graduate Students (Dept.)

Institute Committee on Graduate

Programs (Institute)

Middle Eastern Studies Working Group (Reporting to the

Associate Provost, Institute)

Global Studies Council (Reporting to the Provost, Institute)

Committee on International

Programs (CIP, SOE)

MARCH 2007

JULY 2008

SEPT. 2008

SEPT. 2008

SEPT. 2008

JAN 2009

PRESENT

PRESENT

PRESENT

PRESENT

PRESENT

PRESENT

SELECTED PROFESSIONAL SERVICE (SINCE TENURE) OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ

● Advisory Board Panelist, NSF-CAREER Committee of Visitors Review (Oct. 2006)● Proposal Reviewer and Panelist, NSF-CAREER Biomaterials (Oct. 2006) ● Session Chair, 2007 American Physical Society Annual Meeting, Session U4: Interfaces with Synthetic and Biological Polymers, Division of Polymer Physics at the (Denver, CO, March 2007)

● Organizer, Short Course at the 2007 American Physical Society Annual Meeting on "Advances in the Use of Atomic Force Microscopy for Studies of the Physics of Macromolecular Materials" (Denver, CO, March 2007)● Invited panelist; Workshop on “Interdisciplinary, Globally Leading Polymer Science and Engineering”; an NSF Workshop co-sponsored by AFOSR, ARO, DOE/BES, NASA, NIH/NIBIB, NIST, and ONR (Sept. 2007)● Proposal Reviewer and Panelist, NSF-CAREER Division of Materials Research (Oct, 2007)● Proposal Review and Panelits, NSF-MDSE Materials Design and Surface Engineering(Jan. 2008)● Co-organizer, Symposium on “Functional Biointerfaces,” European Materials Research Society (E-MRS) (March 2009-May 2010) (Strasbourg, France)● Board of Directors, Technion-MIT Hibur Program (Haifa, Israel, May 2009-present)

● Editorial Board, for the journal “International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering”, published by Inderscience Publishers (Sept. 2005 – Present) ● Coeditor for the journal “Biointerphases,” published by the American Vacuum Society and the American Institute of Physics (Nov. 2005 – Present )● Editorial Board, for the journal Advanced Biomaterials by WILEY-VCH GmbH & Co KGaA Oct. 2008-present

Editorial Service

American Physical Society - Division of Polymer Physics Short Course 2007 :Saturday, March 3rd and Sunday, March 4th, 2007 Denver, Colorado

Advances in the Use of Atomic Force Microscopy for Studies of the Physics of Macromolecular Materials

(http://www.aps.org/meetings/march/special/dpoly.cfm)

Whole Tissues & CellsHansma

Van Vliet Han (Ortiz)

Stolz

Synthetic Polymers/ Nanopatterning

Van Vliet Zauscher

Single MoleculesHansma

OrtizZauscher

Instrumentationand New

MethodologiesHansma KalininBonillaAttardLewis

Lateral force microscopyPiezoresponse force microscopy

Small scale nanoindentationIntegration with optical /chemical

characterization

Engineered cells and tissues Stem cells

Knock out miceDiagnostics

Combinatorial nanomechanicsStimulus responsive polymer

brushes

Sacrificial bondsSingle molecule imagingand force spectroscopy

SELECTED OUTREACH OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ (SINCE TENURE)

Guest Speaker, Museum of Science Current Science and Oct. 2007Technology Stage

Advisory board for development of daily animated children’s Jan. 2008PBS Television series and multimedia project “Wild Kratts”, involving the use of animals to explain fundamental science concepts to children ages 6-10 years old (Montreal, CA)

● Invited Speaker, Minority Summer Research Program (MSRP, Aug. 2006)Invited Speaker, Minority Introduction to Engineering Science (MITE2S) Program (MSRP) Aug. 2006● Faculty Advisory Board to the Office of Minority Education (Sept. 2006 – Dec. 2007)● Graduate Student Recruitment, The Society for Advancementof Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS), Tampa, FL (Dept. & Institute, Oct. 2006, Oct. 2007)● Diversity Initiative Committee (Reporting to the Provost, March 2007 – Present)

SELECTED DIVERSITY ACTIVITIES OF CHRISTINE ORTIZ (SINCE TENURE)

● Admissions, Minority Introduction to Engineering Science (MITE2S) Program (March 2007, March 2008)● Invited Participant, MIT9 Conference Attendee Focusing on Diversity (Washington, DC, Institute) April 2007● Invited Speaker, Campus Preview Weekend, Underrepresented  Minority Parents   April 2007● Invited Speaker (Research Presentation), Minority Introduction to Engineering Science (MITE2S) Program (MSRP) Aug. 2007● Invited Panelist, Workshop on Achieving Racial & Ethnic Equity in Chemistry sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF) / Department of Energy (DOE) / National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Arlington, VA, Sept. 2007● Invited Banquet Speaker, CONVERGE (graduate preview weekend for underrepresented minorityInvited Moderator, Institute-wide Round Table Discussion, “Facilitating a Path to and Through Graduate School for Underrepresented Minorities,” UCSB Nov. 2007