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Graduate Landscape Architecture Portfolio
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christopher mitton portfolio
CONTENTS
"the most underused assetin leeds is above our heads"
1.0LIVING DOCKS HULL
LEEDS ROOFTOP GREENS
THE CITY GARDEN LEEDS
2.0
3.0
1.0LIVING DOCKS HULLRising sea levels provide us with the opportunity to rethink relationships between people and nature, the usual form of defence to protect us from the tide has been to build a wall. The Living Docks in Hull aim to reintroduce existing soft infrastructure techniques to environmentally enrich the waterfront and provide adequate protection from rising sea levels.
Principles
• Connect surrounding residential areas to the waterfront.
• A park for all.
• Support social cohesion through public space.
• Provide opportunities for recreation and education.
• Engage local community in the evolution of the dock.
• A beacon for the waterfront.
The Site
St Andrews, Albert and William Wright Docks lie to the west of Hull city centre. Enclosed by the A63 to the north and River Humber to the south the linear site contains a mixture of redundant and underused industrial buildings. The three docks dominate the site, with St Andrews Dock no longer active and Albert and William Wright Dock underutilised, the docks are a ghostly reminder of Hull’s industrial past. The site presents the perfect opportunity to reconnect the waterfront with the surrounding area, and create a vibrant and attractive new public space.
CONTEXT
KC Stadium
Paragon Station
The DeepA63
River Humber
Queen’s Gardens
Albert & William Wright DocksSt Andrew’s Dock
St Andrew’s QuayRetail Park
Humber Bridge
City CentreMyton
Fig i
Fig ii
N
Fig i
Fig ii
Humber Dock
DESIGN PRINCIPLESPrinciples
• Enhance and celebrate heritage.
• Incorporate existing historic features.
• Breathe new life into the docks.
• Secure the future of the site.
• Redefine the area.
• Reactivate the waterfront.
• Heritage reflected in design.
Building With Heritage Living Dock exposes and integrates historic features found within the site.
The railway lines that once carried the trains that ran the fishermans’ catch to market are now used as a kerb or feature depending on the route a visitor takes. Integrated within the edging rails is strip lighting which uses light emitting diodes so not to disturb any surrounding wildlife, these animate the footpaths at night and create a safe and welcoming ambience to the park.
N
Living Docks
2011 1885 1820
River Humber
River Humber
Evolution Of The Shore
Routes of Former Railway Lines Provide The Inspiration For ‘Rails to Trails’
DESIGN PRINCIPLESPrinciples
• Safeguard important wildlife habitats.
• Opportunity to create rare saline habitats.
• Create a precedent for sea defences along the River Humber.
• Protect Hull from rising sea levels through sustainable flood defences.
• Increased biodiversity.
Rising Tide
With sea levels predicted to rise by up to 1m over the next 100 years the engineered defences along the River Humber will soon be overwhelmed by the rising tide. In addition to this important wildlife habitats such as salt marshes and intertidal zones will simply disappear into the estuary.
Building With Nature
The Living Docks redefines the approach to sea defences along the River Humber providing a sustainable long term solution to the threat of rising sea levels.
The existing flood defences will be removed and the land graded to create areas for new wildlife habitats to establish and thrive whilst mitigating the risk of any flooding.
Proposed
Existing
Moderate Risk
High Risk Low Risk
Functional Floodplain Hull Flood Risk Map
Living Docks
N
River Humber
Existing Residential
Lord Line Heritage and Nature Education Centre
Proposed Visitor Centre and Mixed-Use Commercial
Outlet
1in25 Year Flood 1in50 Year Flood
Open Drainage Channels
1in100 Year Flood
Detention Flood Basin
Community
Heritage and Trails
New Habitats
Flood Alleviation
Wetland
Grassland
Woodland
Saltmarsh Reedbed Marginal
Wet Grassland Tall Grassland Wildflower
Mixed Woodland Birch Thicket
To Holderness Coast
To Humber Bridge
Ferensway Public Realm Improvements
A63 Clive Sullivan Way Crossing
Skywalk
Rails to Trails
Realigned Trans Pennine Trail
Intertidal Vegetated Embankment
Wildlife Refuge
Saline Lagoon
Mixed Woodland
Existing Conservation Area
Exposed Mudflats
Reedbed
Green Corridors
Wet Grassland
Tall Grassland
Wet and Dry Ponds
River Humber
MASTERPLAN
2010
2100
The existing site condition is a working dock and industrial land, with limited public access to the riverfront.
Improvements to the access enable Albert and William Wright Docks to be opened to the public. Living Docks is born.
The creation of intertidal habitats allow the edges to be environmentally enriched and softened. Industrial land is continually acquired and turned into green space.
Final areas of land are acquired and regrading of land allow the detention area to be created protecting the neighbouring communities from flooding.
Over 80 years the site will be transformed from hard to soft. Creating valuable habitats for wildlife, a sustainable flood defence and recreational space for people.
Wetland
Grassland
Woodland
Saltmarsh Reedbed Marginal
Wildflower
Mixed Woodland Birch Thicket
To Holderness Coast
PHASING SCHEMATICS
RAILS TO TRAILS
Rails to TrailsReedbed Wildlife Refuge
Open Water
Common ReedPhragmites australis
Purple LoosestrifeLythrum salicaria
Reedbed and Marginal
Yellow Flag IrisIris pseudacorus
BulrushTypha gracilis
N
Albert Dock
Spring/Summer
Autumn/Winter
Habitat Zones
Ecology
RAILS TO TRAILS
Rails Granite and Grass Path Resin Bound Gravel
Wildflower Meadow
White Japanese Rose Rosa rugosa ‘Alba’
Maiden GrassMiscanthus sinensis ‘Graclimus’
Feather Reed Grass Calamagrostis ‘Karl Foerster’
Guelder RoseViburnum opulus
European Black PinePinus nigra
Native Shrub MixBlack BirchBetula nigra
Ornamental Planting Key Trees Wildlife Refuge Meadow
Resin Bound Gravel
THE SHORE
River Humber(Mean High Tide)
Mean Low Tide
Mean High Tide
River Humber
The Shore
Spring High Tide
Spring High Tide 2100
Elevated Timber Boardwalk Viewing Platform
High Tide Timber Deck Bridge Granite Rock RevetmentLow Tide
Spring/Summer
Sea Club RushBolboschoenusmaritimus
Autumn/Winter
Intertidal HabitatHabitat Zones
Ecology
Sea PurslaneAtriplex portulacoides
Sea AsterAster tripolium
Micro Algae Sea Arrow GrassTriglochin maritima
Sea CouchElytrigia atherica
River Humber(Mean Low Tide)
N
Native Shrub Mix
HawthornCrategus monogyna
Common HazelCorylus avellana
Reedbed Lagoon
Common ReedPhragmites australis
BlackthornPrunus spinosa
Dog RoseRosa Canina
Resin Bound Gravel
Albert Dock
Open Water
THE SHORE
"the most underused assetin leeds is above our heads"
2.0LEEDS ROOFTOP GREENS
CONTEXTSite Location
Situated in the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, Clarence Dock home of the Royal Armouries, is located on the River Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The Trans Pennine Trail follows surfaced paths along the riverside, and is within easy reach of the City Centre.
Bus StationBriggate
Train Station
Royal Armouries
Site Description
Clarence Dock is a leisure destination and hosts a large residential population in waterside apartments. The dock was developed as a £250 million mixed-use development between 2001 and 2007 and is located alongside the Royal Armouries, which attracts 1.5million visitors per year. The site is prodominantly hard landscaped with occasional tree planting. A large percentage of the roof space is flat and offers great potential for a mix of green or brown roof spaces.
LivingstoneHouse
RoyalArmouries
CanalBasin
Bland outlook
Lack of green space
De-void of habitat activity
Sterile environment
Aims
• Minimal maintenance
• Use of locally sourced recycled materials
• Make the most of the structural capacity of the roof
• Encourage volunteers and local enterprises
• Reflect local habitats
• Provide educational opportunities
• Produce visually stimulating and colourful spaces
Vision Statement
The ‘Leeds Rooftop Greens’ are unique spaces on top of buildings for people to enjoy and experience nature on their doorstep. The spaces can be experienced by stepping out on to them or they can be viewed from inside buildings.
The aim is to promote the use of green and brown roof technology with in Leeds to create a more sustainable city; deliver attractive places to work and live; create a low carbon city; adapt to the effects of climate change and create habitats found in Leeds, that support typical and rare species, whilst contributing to the regional and national biodiversity.
The image above shows the potential green roof areas around the city that provide a stepping stone for feeding birds and insects. Introducing areas accessible to the public and closing areas off for beneficial biodiversity. Within the Clarence Dock complex residents will live side by side with nature fulfilling a healthier lifestyle.
VISION
N
Existing tree planting
Existing ornamental planting
Proposed extensive brown roof (no access)
Proposed extensive brown roof (with access)
Proposed extensive green roof (with no access)
Proposed extensivegreen roof (with access)
Proposed seating areaPrivate / Services / Plant room
CAR PARK
CASINO
SAVILLES
HOLIDAY INN
RIVER AIRE
THE ROYAL ARMOURIES
LIVINGSTONE HOUSE
LA SALLE
BROWNFIELD SITE
CANAL BASIN
ARMOURIES SQUARE
THE BO
ULEVARD
A
B
B
MASTERPLAN
Key
N
EXIS
TIN
G C
ON
DIT
ION
Section A-ALimestone substrate
mix 75mm depthEM6 meadow
mixtureTimber deck walkway to be constructed from reclaimed
timber
PRO
POSE
D C
ON
DIT
ION
Proposal
The Load capacity of the roof is to be confirmed by a chartered structural engineer; however preliminary indications (and the presence of a large air conditioning unit) suggest that the roof is of sufficient strength to support an extensive green roof.
A green roof is proposed that will support low in nutrient plant species that will meet the objective of benefiting biodiversity and complies with the Leeds Local Biodiversity Action Plan. People gain benefits being able to experience the space and views over Leeds.
A root protection mat can be laid onto the existing waterproofing and this can be covered with an insulation layer, 25mm deep reservoir/drainage board, filter sheet and 75mm of limestone substrate with crushed brick and recycled organic waste with organic waste not to exceed 25% by weight. The limestone substrate mix can be planted to create borders of wildflower perennials which enclose a low growing open biodiverse area.
OverviewClient: Crosby Lend Lease
Reason for brown roof: The client wanted a roof that visitors could sit out on and also provide an educational resource for visiting schools whilst creating a wildflower habitat with low maintenance. Type of brown roof: Extensive green roof
Size of brown roof: 1617m²
Build up of roof: Requires a minimum of 75mm of local substrate, as the substrate is deeper than the lightweight blanket it can support a greater diversity of plants. Grasses and herb species will flourish. Drainage will be required because the roof is flat.
EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF
EXIS
TIN
G C
ON
DIT
ION
Section B-BRoof Parapet
Wildflower Planting
Timber Logs/Railway Sleepers
Mould dune sand andcompacted crushed brick and concrete
Aggregate, Crushed Brick and Limestone
Substrate
Gentle slope facing south west
PRO
POSE
D C
ON
DIT
ION
ProposalThe load capacity of the roof is to be confirmed by a chartered structural engineer. A brown roof is proposed that will support low in nutrient plant species that will meet the objective of benefiting biodiversity and complies with the Leeds Local Biodiversity Action Plan. The roof top is designed so it is attractive to look at all year round as it is over looked by residential buildings.
The design includes some variation in landform creating micro-habitats including unvegetated areas using recycled stone and timber sleepers from local brownfield sites that will increase the potential for biodiversity.
OverviewClient: Crosby Lend Lease
Reason for brown roof: The client wanted a roof that would provide interest all year round with the need for minimal maintenance.
Type of brown roof: Extensive brown roof
Size of brown roof: 2215m²
Build up of roof: Local substrate varying in depth, using recycled aggregate from site or sourced locally and left to colonise naturally with the alternative of being seeded with an annual wildflower mix from a local seed source.
EXTENSIVE BROWN ROOF
The City Garden that embraces the natural elements to create a healthy and vibrant place.
3.0THE CITY GARDEN LEEDSThe City Garden will bring the senses to life allowing visitors the opportunity to experience nature and natural phenomenon. The vision is of a sustainable greenspace that celebrates rainfall and nature, to the benefit of the city and its inhabitants. A park designed for the city but, it is our interaction that it evokes a uniquely personal experience. The park is experienced through the stimulation of our senses, our enjoyment, our health, our wellbeing are the outcome. The park is a place of recreation and quiet contemplation in the heart of the city, creating a green gateway connecting the city to the north and south of the River Aire.
Principles
MOVEMENTTree lined avenues act as way makers along the main routes.
HOUSING & COMMUNITYHigh quality, low carbon, affordable housing and office space that support sustainable communities.
CULTURE & HERITAGEConserving and enhancing the new landscape and value of cultural resources. Appreciation of the heritage and its importance to the area using the listed buildings for a modern use forming an integral part of the park.
NATUREEncouraging nature to thrive in an urban environment by providing a mosaic of habitats.
HEALTH AND WELLBEINGThe inspiration gained from interacting with nature and the accessibility of nature in an urban environment. Providing open space for a variety of activities.
FOODFruit orchards and herb patches are open for people to pick and help grow, as they would in their own garden. Roof top allotments for residents.
EDUCATIONAn outdoor classroom-visitor centre for local children and local people to learn about the park.
EMPLOYMENT and ECONOMIC VITALITY: A commercial hub attracting business to the surrounding area.
CLIMATE CHANGE: Green roofs form part of new energy efficient buildings. Tree planting helping to regulate the urban micro climate. Interventions that deal with surface run off in an economically viable way.
CON
CEPT
123
4
5
67
8
MASTERPLAN
Connectivity
• Major pedestrian and cycle routes between north and south linking the city centre with the park.
• Movement across the park form part of the people and nature experience, the path meanders through interchanging zones.
Buildings
• Predominantly mixed use• Hub - Listed buildings• Buildings designed to allow sunlight into the area• round floor frontages to be commercial use
Nature
1. Wildflower meadow with barley2. Community orchard3. Wet grassland4. Courtyard rain gardens
Sustainable Drainage 5. Shallow water channel 6. Bio-swales7. Rain gardens8. Green roofs
ADELPHI GATEWAY
BREWERY PARK
RIVERSIDE